Aikace-aikace na ethylene. Properties na ethylene

Ethylene shine mafi sauki kwayoyin halitta da aka sani da alkenes. Wannan colorless combustible gas, da ciwon zaki da dandano da ƙanshi. Halitta kafofin hada da iskar gas da kuma mai, shi ne kuma wani halitta hormone a shuke-shuke, inda shi damuarn da girma da kuma inganta harkokin da ripening na 'ya'yan itace. Yin amfani da ethylene abu ne na kowa a masana'antu masana'antu. Ana samar da shi ta hanyar hawan gas, yanayin mai narke shine 169.4 ° C, tafasa - 103, 9 ° C.

Ethylene: siffofin tsarin da kaddarorin

Hydrocarbons sune kwayoyin dake dauke da hydrogen da carbon. Sun bambanta da yawa dangane da yawan shaidu guda biyu da sha biyu kuma daidaitawar tsarin kowane bangare. Daya daga cikin mafi sauƙi, amma ilimin ilimin halitta da tattalin arziki yana da ethylene. An bayar da shi a cikin nau'i mai nau'i, ba shi da launi kuma mai flammable. Ya ƙunshi nau'i biyu na carbon carbon hade tare da hydrogen atoms. A sunadarai dabara ne C ₂ H _4. Tsarin tsari na kwayoyin shi ne layin linzami saboda kasancewa na biyu a cikin cibiyar.
Ethylene yana da ƙanshi mai dadi mai ƙanshi wanda ya sa ya sauƙi gano abu a cikin iska. Wannan ya shafi gas a cikin tsabta: ƙanshi zai iya ɓacewa idan an hade shi tare da sauran sunadaran.

Makircin aikace-aikace na ethylene

Ana amfani da Ethylene a cikin manyan sassa guda biyu: a matsayin monomer wanda aka kirkiro manyan sassan carbon, kuma a matsayin kayan farawa ga sauran mahadi biyu-carbon. Ana yin maimaita haɓakawa da yawa daga cikin kananan kwayoyin ethylene zuwa manyan. Wannan tsari yana faruwa ne a matsayi mai tsanani da yanayin zafi. Hanyoyin aikace-aikace na ethylene suna da yawa. Polyethylene ne mai amfani da polymer da aka yi amfani da shi musamman a cikin samar da takardun kunshe-kunshe, kayan ado na gas da kwalabe. Wani amfani da ethylene a matsayin monomer ya shafi kasancewar α-olefins linzamin. Ethylene ne fara abu da shiri na lamba na biyu-carbon mahadi kamar ethanol (m barasa), ethylene oxide (maganin daskarewa, polyester zaruruwa da kuma fina-finan) na acetaldehyde da kuma roba chloride. Bugu da kari a wadannan mahadi, ethylene da benzene form ethylbenzene, wanda aka yi amfani da a samar da robobi da kuma roba roba. Wannan abu shine daya daga cikin mafi yawan kayan hydrocarbons. Duk da haka, dukiyar mallakar ethylene suna da muhimmanci sosai.

Amfani da kasuwanci

Abubuwan mallakar ethylene suna samar da samfurori masu kyau don adadin kwayoyin halitta (abun dauke da carbon da dauke da hydrogen). Ana iya haɗa kwayoyin homoylene daya don samar da polyethylene (wanda ke nufin yawancin kwayoyin ethylene). Ana amfani da polyethylene don yin kwakwalwa. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da shi don yin kayan ado da kuma lubricants na roba, waɗanda suke amfani da sinadarai don rage ragewa. Yin amfani da ethylene don samar da styrene yana da mahimmanci a cikin aiwatar da ƙirƙirar roba da kwakwalwa na karewa. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da shi a cikin takalman takalma, musamman ma game da takalma na wasanni, da kuma samar da taya mota. Yin amfani da ethylene yana da mahimmanci na kasuwanci, kuma gas kanta shine daya daga cikin kayan samar da hydrocarbons mafi yawancin lokaci a fadin duniya.

Haɗari ga lafiyar jiki

Ethylene yana kawo haɗarin kiwon lafiya da farko saboda yana da mummunar flammable da fashewa. Hakanan zai iya aiki a matsayin ƙwayoyi a ƙananan ƙananan, ya haifar da tashin hankali, rashin hankali, ciwon kai da kuma hasara na gyaran motsi. A mafi girma da yawa, yana aiki ne a matsayin mai cutarwa, yana haddasa lalacewar sani, rashin kulawa da ciwo da sauransu. Duk waɗannan nau'o'in ɓangarorin na iya zama dalilin damuwa da farko ga mutanen da ke aiki tare da gas. Yawan ethylene da yawancin mutane ke fuskanta a rayuwar yau da kullum yawanci suna da ƙananan ƙananan.

Ethylene Reactions

1) Oxidation. Wannan shi ne adadin oxygen, alal misali, a cikin oxidation na ethylene zuwa ethylene oxide. An yi amfani dashi wajen samar da ethylene glycol (1,2-ethanediol), wadda aka yi amfani da ita azaman ruwa mai ba da kyauta kuma a cikin samar da polyesters ta hanyar haɓaka polymerization.

2) Halogenation - halayen da ethylene na fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine.

3) Chlorination na ethylene a cikin nau'i na 1,2-dichloroethane da kuma sake juyawar 1,2-dichloroethane zuwa vinyl chloride monomer. 1,2-dichloroethane abu ne mai amfani da kwayoyin halitta, kuma yana da muhimmanci a cikin kira na vinyl chloride.
4) Alkylation shine karawa na hydrocarbons a kan wani nau'i biyu, alal misali, kira na ethylbenzene daga ethylene da benzene, sannan ya juya zuwa styrene. Ethylbenzene wani matsakaici ne don samar da styrene, daya daga cikin masu amfani da vinyl da aka fi sani da su. Styrene ne mai amfani da mai amfani da polystyrene.

5) Kashewa na ethylene. Ana samo gas ta hanyar shayar da kwayar cutar ta ethyl da kuma mayar da hankali ga sulfuric acid.

6) Ruwan jini shi ne dauki tare da ƙarin ruwan da aka haɗa a haɗin. Mafi mahimmancin aikin masana'antu da wannan aikin shine fasalin ethylene zuwa ethanol.

Ethylene da konewa

Ethylene ne gas ba tare da launi ba, wadda ba ta da kyau a cikin ruwa. Kashewa na ethylene a cikin iska yana tare da samuwar carbon dioxide da ruwa. A m nau'i gas konewa da haske yadawa harshen wuta. Haɗuwa da ƙananan iska, yana bada harshen wuta wanda ya ƙunshi sassa uku masu rarrafe - ainihin zuciyar ciki - gashin da ba a ƙone ba, mai launin shudi mai launin shudi da wani babban mazugi, inda wani samfurin abu wanda aka cire shi daga lasisin da aka tuntuɓe yana ƙonewa a cikin harshen wuta. Harshen wuta yana nuna jerin abubuwan da ke tattare da hadarin, kuma idan an kara iska a cikin ruwan sha, gishiri mai sauƙi ya ɓace.

Gaskiya mai amfani

1) Ethylene shi ne tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire na halitta, yana rinjayar ci gaban, ci gaba, maturation da tsufa na kowane tsire-tsire.

2) Gashin gas ba cutarwa bane kuma ba mai guba ga mutane ba a cikin wani ƙaddara (100-150 MG).

3) An yi amfani dashi a maganin magani.

4) Hanyoyin ethylene sukan ragu a yanayin zafi.

5) Yanayin halayya yana da iko mai kyau ta hanyar abubuwa da yawa, misali ta hanyar kwalaye kwalaye na katako, katako, har ma da gadi.

6) Yayin da yake da matukar muhimmanci saboda iyawarta ta fara aiwatarwa, zai iya zama mummunar cutarwa ga 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan lambu, furanni da tsire-tsire masu yawa, da sauri da tsarin tsufa da kuma rage ingancin samfurin da rayuwar rayuwarsa. Matsayin lalacewar ya dogara ne akan ƙaddamarwa, tsawon lokacin daukan hotuna da zazzabi.

7) Ethylene abu ne mai ban tsoro a manyan matsalolin.

8) An yi amfani da Ethylene a cikin samar da gilashin maƙalli na musamman ga masana'antar mota.

9) Manufacturing of metal structures: an yi amfani da gas a matsayin oxygen-man fetur don yankan karfe, waldi da kuma high gudu na thermal spraying.

10) Maimaitawa: ana amfani da ethylene a matsayin mai sanyaya, musamman a cikin haɓakar gas.

11) Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, ethylene abu ne mai matukar mahimmanci, banda haka kuma, yana da sauƙi a ƙone. Don dalilai na aminci, yawancin gaskiyar gaskiyar gaskiyar da aka raba ta shi ne yawanci.

12) Daya daga cikin samfurorin da aka saba amfani da su daga ethylene shine filastik.