Assabar - zakar ... a zamanin d Rasha

Zakar yi awo ƙasar rabo ciwon rectangular parallelogram siffar da biyu bambance-bambancen karatu daga sãsanninta:

• 80 da kuma 30 da makarai - "talatin".
• 60 da kuma 40 da makarai - "sorokovke".

Ta aka bai wa sunan "breech zakar" da kuma sanya babbar Rasha ƙasar gwargwado.

A fassarar da ra'ayi

Assabar - a Rasha naúrar na ji a zamanin da, dangane da ƙasar yankin, wanda ya an kwatanta shi da 2,400 square fathoms (game da 1,09 kadada) da kuma an yi amfani da a Rasha kafin bullo da wani musamman awo tsarin.

Shi ne ma daraja domin ayyana da Kalmar "gane" - Rasha awo na tsawon, wanda aka ƙaddara da talakawan size of jikin mutum. Alal misali, a kananan bakwai feet - daga kafada zuwa bene, kuma QFontDatabase - daga cikin ciki na hagu kafar kafar zuwa saman yatsun hannun dama tãyar da su.

Facts na tarihi da gaisuwa ga wannan ra'ayi

An sani cewa a karshen cikin XV karni ƙasar yankin da aka kullum auna a biyu bariki. Zakar ƙasar wakilta lissafi siffar kamar wani square da bangarorin daidai 1/10 wata mil (2500 sq. Yadudduka). A daidai da umarnin alama Dating baya zuwa 1753 shekara, ta size aka daidaita zuwa 2,400 square fathoms (1.0925 kadada).

A typology na tsohon Rasha awo na ƙasar

A lokacin da marigayi XVIII - farkon XX ƙarni. kuma amfani da zakar, yankin na da shi da aka wakilta irin nau'in yadda:

1. Nuna bambanci - 80 zuwa 40 fathoms (3,200 murabba'ai).
2. Zagaye - 60 zuwa 60 da makarai (3600 murabba'ai).
3. Daruruwan - 100 zuwa 100 fathoms (10,000 murabba'ai).
4. Kankana - 80 zuwa 10 da makarai (800 murabba'ai), da sauransu.

Sa'an nan, bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin, a cikin ra'ayi na miƙa mulki ga tsarin awo tsarin, bisa ga umurnin da SNK na RSFSR, kwanan rana 14 Satumba 1918, da zakar awo da aka iyakance a amfani, da kuma tare da Satumba 1, 1927 dakatar gaba ɗaya.

Tare da ita a baya, da kuma sauran kowa a lokacin raka'a:

• inch (0.045 m).
• yadi (0.71 m).
• versta (1.06 km).
• shida (ƙafa 2.13 m).

Yana da daraja a tuna da cewa da zaka daga cikin ƙasar da aka daidaita cikin sharuddan mu raka'a 1,09 kadada.

Wani al'amari na yin amfani da manufar

Assabar a Ancient Rasha - shi ne ma wani nau'i ne na haraji levied domin amfanin malamai, gwamnati ko addini al'umma. Domin ta tarin a cikin sassan na bishops akwai ko da wani musamman jami'in - desyatilnik.

A lokacin, da zakar - shi ne kuma kananan-sized parishes a cikin diocese, wanda aka gudanar a muka ambata a sama jami'an, sa'an nan - a firistoci 'yan Majalisarsa. Bugu da kari a gare su, a cikin wadannan gundumomi bayan da Ɗari Chapters na babban coci a can desyatskie firistoci yin wasu daga cikin aikinsu na da muka ambata a sama na aikin. Suna zaba a Moscow a farkon na XVIII karni.

Asalin ajalin karkashin review,

Yana da daraja a tuna cewa zakar a zamanin d Rasha - ne haraji cewa yana biya rusichi taro a zamanin da Mongol-Tatar karkiya. A kula da tsarin a cikin waɗannan kwanaki da aka bayar da irin wannan matsayi a matsayin foreman, jarumin, da dubu, Prince. Kuma a cikin wannan tsari ya wanzu for daruruwan shekaru. Kamar yadda ya bayyana, a cikin wannan tsarin akwai guda tushen kalmar - da foreman. Wannan ba bazuwar lokacin.

Wannan kalma na nufin jama'a ofishin, wato, zaɓi ɗaya daga cikin goma takarar saba da juna, misali, manoma. Mutumin da aka aiki da kafa daban-daban na al'amurran da suka shafi cikin al'umma, kuma ya wakilci biyan bukatunsu a cikin kauye, ɗari ɗari, da dai sauransu. Ya aka taimaka da sauran al'umma mambobi - .. manoma.

Wannan tallafi ya na da wani jiki hali - aiki karin lokaci a cikin gona foreman, da kuma wani irin abu - da canja wurin da kashi ya girbi. Kamar wancan ushiri daga 'yan'uwa 1 ya 10% ko aiki lokaci, ko girbe amfanin gona. Yana bayar da shawarwari da ake kira mites, wanda aka shiga da kowane memba na jama'a, sai dai da foreman, da na kowa hanyar.

Material nau'i na Assabar

Yana iya zama 'ya'yan itãcen marmari da hatsi, da kuma kayan lambu, da ruwan inabi, da kuma, daga baya, da dabbobi da aka a matsayin wani samfurin ƙasar. Na taba dauke da haraji ba aiki a cikin rawar da kudi kamar yadda wajabta a Attaura ta Musa, da cewa yana aiki a kan dukan ƙasar da yake na Allah. A kudi da aka yi amfani da musamman sayan shi a cikin birnin da kuma taba taka leda a canza m.

Assabar - shi ne mai haraji a cikin nau'i na dabbobi da kuma kyautai na duniya. Babu inda aka ta bayyana a cikin nassosi, da cewa zai iya zama da rubutu ko banki cak da za a sa a kan tire na coci kowane mako, kamar yadda shi ne yanayin da zamani a coci cibiyoyin a lokacin da dacewa majalisarku.

Assabar: Nawa ne

An sani cewa Littafi Mai Tsarki texts Isra'ila ya umarta a miƙa hadaya zakar shekara bakwai. Yana da aka raba uku iri. Bisa ga OT, na farko zakar daukar kwayar cutar firistoci da Lawiyawa daga 10 - 100% na totality na duniya ayyukansu na farko shida hawan keke.

Na biyu - mika wuya a kan holidays, kuma ya 10 - 90% na sauran rabi bayan da canja wurin da zakar Lawiyawa. Yana ci gaban Ubangiji. Wannan zakar da aka raba kawai a kan na farko, na biyu, hudu da na biyar shekara. Na uku - ba talakawa na 10 - 90%. An fito da irin haraji dakatarda kawai a kan uku da shekara shida. Babu wani daga ta jinsunan ba jure ta bakwai (Asabar) shekara.

Don amsa wannan tambaya: "Assabar - Nawa ne" - a yau da wuya bangare na har ma da coci hidima.

A tarihin Assabar a cikin Kristanci

Da farko mun ji game da wannan ra'ayi daga cikin Tsohon Alkawali. Yana kunshi wani ambaci a cikin mahallin da cewa dukan kyautai na duniya na Ubangiji ne, kuma kiyaye har ma da karami na shi an ɗauke shi wani aiki na sata daga Allah. Kada mumini ko ziyarci da ra'ayin ba to ba zaka.

A OT epoch wanzu Haikali ko a coci, a cikin ra'ayi na wanda Neu, da Abel da wasu masu aminci yi kyauta ga desyatinas kai tsaye a waje. Yana a yarda idan ka so kowane mutum ya gina wani sirri bagaden, inda shi yiwuwa a kawo haraji ga Allah.

Duk da haka, bayan da wasu lokaci da Ubangiji ya zaɓa cikin mutane da kuma takamaiman mutane ga bauta, kuma zaka tarin hanyoyin. All, ba tare da togiya, suka kawo shi zuwa lokaci na wanderings Musa sau uku a lokacin shekara.

Saboda haka, zakkar - wani irin taimako da coci, ya kula da yadda ake gudanar da sabis, wanda bayar da shawarar da ijara firistoci da su mataimakansa, wa'azi biyu a cikin gidajensu da kuma a Haikali.

Irin wannan ayyukan hajji da aka za'ayi kafin zuwan Yesu Almasihu da kuma giciyensa a akan. Bayan wannan irin sadaukarwa da aka bi ta lalata haikalin a akan, da kuma wasu Kiristoci sun fassara wannan a matsayin wani yarjejeniyoyin da zakar. Duk da haka, a cikin Sabon Alkawari, za mu iya ganin cewa shi ya ba da aka soke. Ko da a cikin babu majami'u zakar kasance har yanzu ba, saboda yana da wani zama dole ga kayan aiki da mundane zama a matsayin limaman da kuma addini a general. Ba ta kasance ba sosai wajen rayuwa goyon bayan matsayin wata alama ce bangaskiya da biyayya.

Zakar da aka tattara, saboda firistoci da manzanninsa, da watsa shirye- shiryenta da wa'azin a Urushalima, da kuma a fadin duniya. Don tabbatar da kalmomin Yesu a dangane da ci gaba kasancewar ta tarin dokoki kunshe a cikin matani na Tsohon Alkawali, Kiristanci magoya bayan buga misali da jawabin: "Ina ba zo ya hallaka, amma don cika."

The darajar 10 a cikin Kristanci

Yana nuna wani irin kamala dangane da allahntaka domin kuma ya yi aikin na uku da lambar da suke a tsattsarkan sarkar - 3, 7, 10. Yawan "goma" na nuna babu hasara cewa cikakken sake zagayowar da aka kammala. A haraji ga dauke nuna shi ya zama dole.

Yana yiwuwa a jaddada wadannan maki a alfarma tarihi, alama da lamba 10, wato:

1. A karshen wani zamanin Nuhu tsufa ya faru a cikin karni X (Byt.5).

2. Ten asali umarnan alfarma a cikin Kristanci.

3. A Addu'ar Ubangiji kunshi goma key maki.

4. The rawar da zakar da aka wakilta nuna cewa mutum dole ba ga Allah.

5. A fansa da rai da aka bayyana a cikin 10 wakili. (0.5 shekel).

6. The annoba goma shari'ar Allah da aka gabatar a sake zagayowar na Misira (Iskh.9: 14).

7. The ikon maƙiyin Kristi ya nuna 10 mulkokin denominated ƙaho goma na dabba ta huɗu da goma yatsun kafa mutum-mutumi na Nebukadnezzar. Akwai goma mutane, wanda zai yi da Ibrahim da alkawari.

8. 10 rufe rufe da fãtun (Iskh.26: 1).

9. Wuta sauko daga Sama, daidai 10 sau.

10. Ten budurwai bayyana cikar nufin: da aminci da kuma kãfirai.

Saboda haka, wannan lamba da aka zaba ta hanyar da Ubangiji ba kwatsam, saboda, da zarar sake yana da daraja ƙarfafu, shi ne na uku a yawan, a hade tare da kammala.

afterword

Summing up duk na sama, akwai uku na asali definition da kalmar karkashin review, musamman:

1. zakar coci yi a cikin goma na jimlar kudin shiga, wadda aka levied da coci hukumomin da yawan jama'a. A zamanin d Rus 'da aka kafa ta Ruhu Mai Prince Vladimir bayan babban Baftisma na Rasha da kuma ne aka yi nufi ga Kiev zakar coci, da kuma daga baya ya samu launi duniya haraji levied Game da kungiyoyin addini da sauran fiye da gidajen lama.

2. zakar bauta ecclesiastical gundumar a Rasha, a wani bangare na diocese kafin farkon na XVIII karni. A shugaban wani mutum wanda ya riqe wani matsayi na musamman - da foreman. Its aiki tun farkon 1551 aka partially koma desyatskim firistoci da firistoci dattawa.

3 ekoki na qasa - Old Rasha awo na ƙasar yankin. Tun karshen karni XV aka asali lasafta biyu bariki, kuma suna da wani nau'i na square wanda tarnaƙi ne daidai to 0.1 mil (2500 sq. Yadudduka). Daga bisani, bisa ga umarnin alama Dating baya zuwa 1753 shekara, a ƙasar da awo ya daidaita 2,400 square fathoms (1.0925 kadada).

Game da zamani ji na Littafi Mai-Tsarki dokar game Assabar, kowane mumini hukunci a gare kansa, shi ne shi daraja ba haraji ga sama analysis ko ba da abin da adadin.