Bird - wata dabba ko ba? aji Birds

Daya iya ji sau da yawa tambaya: tsuntsaye - su ne dabbobi ko ba? Bayan bita da dukan siffofin da tsarin da kuma aiki da wannan aji, za ka iya amincewa amsa da shi.

Janar halaye

Class Birds hada da 9,000 jinsunan, a hade a cikin wadannan superorders: ratites, ko a guje (Jiminai, kiwis), penguins, ko iyo (Penguin na sarki, spectacled, Magellan, Galapagos, Malabar, da sauransu), keel, ko tashi (kaji, tattabarai, sparrows , crows da sauransu).

Birds a kan wani tsarin kama da wadanda daga dabbobi masu rarrafe da wakiltar m reshe, wanda ya iya saje da jirgin. Su gaban kafafu a cikin shakka daga juyin halitta ya canza kama zuwa fuka-fuki. Bird halin da m jiki zafin jiki, halayyar mafi girma vertabrate haka, tsuntsaye - dumin jiki dabbobi. Wannan shi ne na farko amsar tambayar "Bird - wata dabba ko ba?".

The asalin tsuntsaye da ake bukata domin tsoho dabbobi masu rarrafe pseudosuchian da irin wannan tsarin da Hind wata gabar jiki.

Jiki da kuma fata

tsuntsaye jiki yana da wani streamlined siffar da kananan shugaban da dogon wuya mobile. A akwati ƙare wutsiya.

A fata ne na bakin ciki, da kuma bushe kusan bã tãre da gland. Kawai 'yan tsuntsaye (waterfowl) da wani mai gland shine yake, samar da wani mai-kamar sirrin da ruwa-m Properties. Jaraba samuwar (Kalam epidermis) da aka rufi baki fika flakes yatsunsu kuma ciko bututu (ƙananan kafar). Gashinsa an kuma samu daga fata. Sun kasu kashi biyu kungiyoyin: da kwane-kwane da kuma saukar. Contoured, bi da bi, suna tuƙi (jirgin iko), Makhov (rike da tsuntsu a cikin iska) da kuma opaque (located a saman jiki). A karkashin shaci ne saukar da gashinsa. Su taimakawa wajen kula da jiki zafin rana. A lokacin molting mazan gashinsa fada fita gaba daya, kuma sababbi girma a inda suke.

Kwarangwal kuma murdede tsarin

A tsuntsaye kwarangwal ne musamman robust da kuma sauki saboda da kashi rami cike da iska. Ya kunshi wadannan sassan: mahaifa da thoracic, lumbar da sacral da caudal. Musamman ne m mahaifa kashin baya saboda da jam'i na vertebrae. A thoracic vertebrae ake Fused kuma da tabbaci bear hakarkarinsa movably haɗa ta sternum da haƙarƙari keji janareto. Ga abin da aka makala na tsokoki, da haifar da fuka-fuki a tashin, a kan sternum akwai wani tsinkaya - da keel. A sakamakon fe daga cikin lumbar da sacral da caudal vertebrae partially tsakanin kansu, kuma tare da pelvic ƙasũsuwa kafa sacrum hidima raya kafafu goyon baya.

A murdede tsarin yana da kyau ɓullo da a cikin tsuntsaye. Dangane da ikon tashi a musamman ci gaba ya kai wani wasu sashen. A tsuntsaye da ke shawagi da kyau, da raya tsokoki da cewa matsar da fuka-fuki, da kuma waɗanda suka yi hasãrar wannan ikon - tsokoki na Hind wata gabar jiki da kuma wuyansa.

Narkewa kamar, kuma excretory tsarin

Narkewa kamar tsarin ne halin da babu hakora. Domin fahimtar da rike da abinci amfani da jaraba baki rufe muƙamuƙi. Na baka abinci shiga cikin makogwaro, da kuma bayan shi - dogon esophagus, wanda yana da wani aljihu-kara girma (goiter) zuwa laushi da shi. A na baya ƙarshen esophagus yana buɗewa a cikin ciki, wanda aka kasu kashi biyu, da glandular kuma murdede (inda abinci ya wuce inji nika). Hanji kunshi da duodenum, inda ducts na hanta, da kuma pancreas, kazalika da bakin ciki da kuma gajeren dubura, kawo karshen cesspool. Irin wannan tsarin inganta m kau na saura undigested zahiri.

A gabobin selection tsuntsaye na guda biyu kodan da kuma ureters, wanda bude a cikin cloaca. Daga ta fitsari da tumbi dakatar da waje.

numfashi tsarin

Numfashi tsuntsaye maximally saba wa jirgin. Ta hanyar hanci kogo iska ta shiga pharynx da trachea, wanda shi ne a cikin kirji ne zuwa kashi biyu bronchi. A nan ne murya akwatin. Da zarar a cikin huhu, da bronchi reshe fita karfi. Huhu da kansu da wani hadadden tsarin da ya kunshi yawa ta hanyar-shambura. Wasu daga cikin su suna fadada, forming iska Aljihuna, suke located tsakanin ciki gabobin, tsokoki, da kuma a cikin dogon ƙasũsuwa. Birds ayan ninka numfashi. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa a-jirgin iska wuce sau biyu ta hanyar huhu: rungume a bugun jini na ta da reshe, kuma fitad a lokacin ragewan saboda matsawa daga cikin jaka.

juyayi tsarin

Organization na juyayi tsarin a cikin tsuntsaye ne quite hadaddun da kuma kama da cewa na mafi girma vertabrate. Wannan sake bada wani m amsar tambayar "Bird - wata dabba ko ba?" A tsarin kunshi Ƙungiyarku biyu: kwakwalwa da kuma laka. A shugaban sashen ne da raya cerebellum ne alhakin daidaituwa na ƙungiyoyi, kazalika gaban yammancin duniya da kuma midbrain, alhakin da hadaddun halayyar. The laka ne mafi ci gaba a kafada, lumbar da sacral, wanda ya samar da kyau mota ayyuka. Wadannan siffofin ma ba a bayyana m amsar tambayar "Bird - wata dabba ko ba?"

The hali na tsuntsaye dogara ne a kan mika wuyansu (nakasar) reflexes: abinci mai gina jiki, haifuwa, nesting, kwai kwanciya, courtship, tsarkakewa. A bambanci ga aji na dabbobi masu rarrafe suna iya kafa da kuma kulla matukar (samun a lokacin rayuwa) da numfashinsa, wanda ya shaida da mafi mataki na ci gaba. Daya misali na sharadi reflexes iya zama gaskiya su yi nasara taming mutum. An yi imani da cewa tsuntsu - dabbobi da suke da sauki sake shirya da hali da kuma hanyar rayuwa daga cikin daji (na halitta), kamar al'adu (gida).

jijiyoyi

Gawan jijiyoyi da tsuntsaye, kamar mafi girma vertabrate wakilta hudu gidajen zuciya kunshi atrial (2) kuma ventricles (2), kazalika da jini. Su jini ne gaba daya ya kasu kashi da venous da jijiya. Yana gudanar biyu dabam dabam (ƙanana da manyan).

haifuwa

Birds - iri guda ba dabbobi tare da wani hadadden da sosai raya tsarin na ma'abota hali, waddan ta amfani da qwai da kuma kula da shi.

Duk na sama -end bayani dalla-dalla ba tabbataccen amsar tambayar "Bird - wata dabba ko ba?" Hakika, da tsuntsaye ne dabbobi.