Bristol Bay: description, fasali, photos

Bristol Bay, wani yanki na 83 sq. M. km, located in kudu-gabashin ɓangare na da Bering Sea (da Pacific Ocean) a kudu maso yammacin tekun na Alaska. A arewacin iyaka ne Nyuenhem Cape, ta Kudu - Alaska Larabawa da kuma tsibirin Unimak, wanda aka rufe da duwãtsu, kuma volcanic tsaunuka.

fasalin

Domin samun da Bristol Bay a duniya taswira, kana bukatar farko sami nahiyar - North America. Kuma a cikin arewa-yammacin ɓangare na wannan yanki na ruwa located. Entrance ga bay yana da nisa daga 480 km. Shipping yana da iyaka, za a iya dauka kawai kananan jirage na masunta ne. Ruwa yanki "cuts" m for 320 km. Zurfin ne a kan talakawan 27-55 mita, a cikin mafi girma da tasa, wannan adadi ya karu zuwa 84. A teku tides a bakin tekun - daya daga cikin mafi girma a duniya. wani lokaci su wuce mita 10. A manyan yawan sashen kogin da kuma Shoals wuya kewayawa, musamman a lokacin tsananin iska da kuma m hazo, yin yankin matukar hatsari ga manyan jirãge.

Ku dubi tarihi

Goma sha shekara dubu da suka wuce, Bristol Bay a kan taswira da yawa karami. A babban ɓangare na ba wani ƙasar da take ta biogeographical yankin - Beringia (ƙasar gada tsakanin Asiya da kuma Arewacin Amirka). Sa'an nan Alaska farko natsuwa zo - magabatan na Indiyawan Daji da Paleo-Asiatics. A 1778 da bay aka gano da James Cook, wanda mai suna shi a cikin girmamawa Admiral Earl na Bristol. A 1790 ya bayyana a bakin tekun na lokaci Rasha shiri, da kuma a farkon rabin na XIX karni - da search jam'iyyar Rasha-American Company. An sa'an nan kuma yayi nazari kuma ya bayyana bakin cikin bay, don haka da cewa taswirar har yanzu ya kasance da yawa Rasha sunayen.

Features

Idan ka sami wani Bristol Bay a kan taswira, kana iya ganin cewa shi ne gwada komai a cikin tara manyan koguna: Cinder, Nushagak, Igedzhik, Kvichak da sauransu. Bakin masu rinjaye na ruwa kõguna da kananan marẽmari suna located a kan low-kwance arewacin tudu da ruwa mai zurfi yankunan. Rivers ta sauka daga kan duwatsu. Kuma a cikin ƙananan kai na kwarara a cikin swampy, wooded yankin. The most bay - Kvichak da Nushagak.

yarjejeniya

The most bakin teku ƙauyuka - Dillingham, Sarki Salmon da Naknek. Su duka yawan (Indians, fata da kuma mestizos) bai wuce dubu biyar. Kananan ƙauyuka na masunta - da Inuit, Athabascan da Aleuts - warwatse a kusa da bakin tekun. Bristol Bay ne har yanzu kusan ta shãfe wayewa. A ta gaba akwai wani kogi dams, hydroelectric iko shuke-shuke da gandun daji clearings. Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura shi ne cewa babu hanyoyi. Just a kan Coast gida game da 7500 mutane, wanda 66% yan asali.

Flora da fauna

Bristol Bay, a Arewacin Amirka tare da bakin cikin koguna ne a duniya, most sockeye kifi spawning, zuwa ga 'yan makonni kowane rani a cikin adadin 30-40 miliyan tsuntsaye. Bayan shi, a cikin ruwa yanki na spawning chum da coho da chinook. A cikin waɗansu kõguna na da yawa kifi da kuma Grayling, cin caviar sockeye. Kamar yadda ya saba arewacin Pike, kifi da kuma dolly Varden. Marine dabbobi masu shayarwa suna wakilta like, walruses, teku otters, beluga da kisa Whales.

Fauna da Flora hali na bakin tekun na mika mulki zone tsakanin taiga da tundra. A cikin gandun daji da kuma swamps an samu ruwan kasa da kuma baki beyar, beavers, porcupines, wolverines, otters, Wolves, Foxes, barewa. A ruwan sanaki yawa jinsunan waterfowl, kuma daga cikin mafi girma da dabbobi masu cin nama - da m mikiya da m mikiya.

Fishing - babban yanki

Industries wakilta kasuwanci kama kifi da kifi aiki kamfanoni, samar da 75% na jobs, a yankin. Nau'I hudu na kifi samar a nan, sa up 40% na masana'antu kama a Amurka da kuma daya bisa uku na duka samarwa a Alaska ruwaye. Bristol Bay janyo hankalin babban adadin anglers (game da 37 dubu. Per shekara), a cikin dazuzzuka farauta da aka gudanar, da kuma shekara-shekara inflow na yawon bude ido ya fito daga gandun "Katmai", located a kudancin bakin tekun na Alaska Larabawa.

ma'adanai

A kudancin bakin bay gano adibas na man fetur da kuma iskar gas, amma ga su aiki, a 1998. A moratorium aka kafa, baratar a 2014. A mafi tsanani barazana ga lafiyar qasa da Gulf ne da tsare-tsaren ga Pebble hakar ma'adinai Kamfanin, a kan tekun na bincika ma'aunan kasa anomalies, ciki har da, watakila, da most zinariya mine kuma daya daga cikin mafi girma da jan adibas a duniya. A cewar masana na Bristol Bay "boyewa" ƙarƙashin ƙasa 40 ton miliyan na jan karfe, 3300 - zinariya da miliyan 2.8 - molybdenum, zai iya kawo tsakanin 100 da biliyan 500 daloli. Ganin cewa samun kudin shiga daga kifi kama kifi ne $ 120 miliyan a kowace shekara.

Don hakar ma'adinai da aka shirya ya tono wata babbar rami don ƙirƙirar girgizar kasa da kuma kawo hadari yankin da dama dams to dauke da tabkuna na mai guba sharar gida ya gina daruruwan mil hanyoyi da kuma gina wani iko shuka da mai zurfi-ruwa tashar jiragen ruwa. Domin masana'antu aikace-aikace na bukatar kusan 130 da miliyan cubic mita ruwa a kowace shekara, wanda zai kai ga shallowing na gudãna. hako ma'adinai abokan adawar na nuna gaskiyar cewa kifi ne a sabunta hanya, alhãli kuwa hakar ma'adinai ƙarshe dredged albarkatun da kuma halakar da gida yanayin kasa.