Bush ya kira da shuka, wanda shi ne abin da?

Daga cikin dukan da aka sani da shuke-shuke zauna a wuri na musamman daban-daban shrubs. Wannan shi ne saboda su matsakaici matsayi tsakanin ciyawa da itatuwa, kazalika da wani musamman muhimmanci m darajar. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu duba ne shaida domin sanin cewa daji ne da ake kira shuka cewa yana da halaye. Har ila yau, a duba su bambancin.

Zai yiwu jinsunan shuke-shuke

Tun da yanzu bambancin da tsire-tsire ne musamman high, shi wajibi ne don su rarrabuwa. Ba wai kawai a cikin tsananin ayyana taxonomic raka'a, wanda taimaka ƙayyade da wuri a cikin kwayoyin tsarin na duniya, amma kuma a cikin bayyanar shuka hankali, wato, ta rayuwa form.

Mafi na kowa tsarin - a rarrabuwa Serebryakov IG soma a shekarar 1964. A cewar ta, duk da tsire-tsire ya kasu kashi da wadannan kungiyoyin:

1. Woody shuke-shuke. Wannan category hada da itatuwa, shrubs da sarƙaƙƙiya.
2. Poludrevesnye - Dwarf Bishiyoyi da sub-shrubs.
3. Ground ciyawa.
4. Ruwa da ciyawa.

Dalili na wannan rarrabuwa ne da tsawon da babban gatura shuke-shuke da tsawon ransa.

A cewar Serebryakov, daji da ake kira shuka, wanda yana da dama katako mai tushe. A general, wannan gaskiya ne, kuma shi ne mai gane alama na wadannan shuke-shuke. Duk da haka, akwai wasu tausasãwa shrubs tsarin.

Bush ya kira da shuka, wanda yana ...

Don amsa wannan tambaya na abin da ake kira daji, na farko mu ba 'yan sauki misalai na irin sanannun shuke-shuke. Su ne:

• Lilac.
• Juniper.
• Rowan.
• ceri.
• buckthorn.
• rosehips da sauransu.

Yanzu da ka a fili kafa a hankali na gani bayyani na wadannan shuke-shuke, yana yiwuwa ya ayyana wani kimiyya ra'ayi.

Bush ya kira da shuka, wanda shi ne asali da wani katako, ganga, amma tare da wani sosai matasa, shekaru ne ko fiye na wannan akwati kafa daga dormant buds. Wannan shi ne, duk cikin kututturan samun isasshen.

Adult daji kira da shuka, wanda yana da dama daidai da katako, ganga, tsakanin wanda ba shi yiwuwa a rarrabe kai. A wannan yanayin da rosette ne kawai duk mai tushe. Wadannan shuke-shuke iya bambanta da yawa a tsawo.

Alal misali, tsuntsu ceri - shi ne mai tsayi shrub kamã a mutunta mutane da yawa kasance a real itace. A Dwarf Willow - wani sosai low flowering shrub, wanda tsayinsa bai wuce 5 cm.

Key fasali na bushes

Yana yiwuwa a takaita duk na sama da kuma dama manyan rarrabe siffofin na hali na bushes:

1. A gaban irin asali da wani katako, ganga.
2. Kafa a kan lokaci a jam'i na woody mai tushe cewa akwai quite daidai da dukan shuka.
3. Samun daya rosette ga duk mai tushe.
4. Daban-daban masu girma dabam da kuma kayayyakin aiki, don rayuwa.
5. A guntu lokaci fiye da rayuwa sake zagayowar bishiyoyi.
6. Zauna kusan duk yanayin zones na Duniya, daga subtropics da kuma kawo karshen tundra.
7. All kututturan aka sabunta kan lokaci, wanda shi ne saboda da mutuwa da haihuwa da kuma sabon ci gaba.

Don haka ya kira daji shuka wanda yana da dama bayãnin hukuncin siffofin da cewa ba da damar su ware da kuma daga ciyawa da bishiyoyi da daga.

rarrabuwa shrubs

Kamar dukan sauran halitta siffofin shuke-shuke, shrubs da nasu rarrabuwa. A cewar ta, su ne na wadannan iri:

1. Wadanda cewa suna da wani sosai lignified zangarniya tare da dukan tsawon. zažužžuka dayawa za a iya sanya, daga gare su sako-sako da, aeroksilnye, lianoidnye, kafa, sunã mãsu sujada kuma matashi-real.
2. Tare da wani taqaitaccen ganga.
3. Adanar ruwa a cikin mai tushe leafless sarƙaƙƙiya.
4. Parasitic da poluparaziticheskie form.

A kusa look at kowane kungiya da kuma bayar da misalai don samun wani ra'ayin game da wadannan shuke-shuke.

Woody shrubs tare da dogon harbe

Abin da iri na wannan kungiya, muna gano a sama. Yanzu, a takaice faye hali kowane daga gare su, kuma ba misalai.

1. Kafa shrub kira shuka cewa ya daya (1) da dama woody kara da gefen rassan girma vertically madaidaiciya. Wannan tsaka-tsakin yanayi tsakanin Bishiyoyi. mafi yawan jinsunan kasance a wannan kungiya. Misalai: Astragalus, fari Birch, tsuntsu ceri, Rowan da sauransu.
2. Wadannan shrubs. Shin waɗanda a cikin abin da darajar ɓangare na shoot kasa m, kuma mafi m fiye da ksilopodii karkashin kasa. Misalai: ya tashi, barberry, bamboo, teku-buckthorn, snowberry, Lilac da sauransu.
3. Mai rarrafe da shrubs - wadanda mai tushe ake branched da kuma tafiya tare da ƙasa, a wasu wuraren da ya dauki tushen. Misalai: dutsen alder, Juniper, Willow.
4. Lianoidnye shrubs - kamar itatuwa, inabõbi, suna amfani ga ci gaban da sauran itatuwa. Bambanci ta'allaka ne da cewa da kauri da ganga a cikin bushes mai yawa ƙasa. Misalai: honeysuckle, girlish inabi, Magnolia da sauransu.

Babu shakka cewa irin wannan hada da most yawan jinsunan duk aka sani siffofin yau shrub.

Shrubs tare da gajeren harbe

Hakazalika daji kira da shuka, wanda yana da wani katako zangarniya tare da sosai m rosettes na ganye da kuma internodes ƙwarai taqaitaccen. Saboda haka, da suka nemi karin a kan lush ciyawa.

Misalai ne 'yan iri Heather, dracophyllum, Erica, Rhododendron, da sauransu. Wuraren - Australia da kuma Oceania.

shrubs parasites

Wannan kungiyar hada da wani yawan jinsuna daban da suka saba da rayuwa a kudi na sauran shuke-shuke. A misali - da mistletoe. Wannan m infests itatuwa da drains na su ne masu muhimmanci juices. A lokaci guda yana da wani fairly m katako kambi da kuma rayayye daukawa fitar da tsari na photosynthesis.

An haɗe zuwa daji-m rassan itace da taimako na musamman kayan aikin - haustoria. Har ila yau a cikin misali shi ne Osiris fari da kuma wakilan loranthaceae iyali.

An ban sha'awa wakilin wannan iyali, da aka sani a Australia a matsayin Kirsimeti itace - nuytsiya obilnotsvetkovaya. Yana samu da sunan da mai kyau mai haske orange da kuma rawaya furanni da cewa Bloom dama har zuwa Sabuwar Shekara.

Babu shakka cewa parasitic shrub kira a shuka da cewa yana da musamman adaptations ga rayuwa a kudi na wasu siffofin da ciyayi. Parasites asirce muhimmi, Kara, overground da kuma karkashin kasa.

leafless shrubs

Wadannan sun hada da wani yawan iyalan murtsunguwa. Su m fleshy mai tushe aka yi amfani ga adanar ruwa, kuma ya bar kusan an rage da kuma tuba a cikin wani allura don rage danshin surface. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa wadannan shrubs samun su sunan. A wuri na bayyane - hankula hamada ƙasa da kuma hamada.

Misalan sun ha] jinsunan HALITTAR Opuntia. A tsawo daga wadannan bushes isa hudu mita, da furanni ne mai haske rawaya ko ja da launuka. Kuma hada ne da jinsunan HALITTAR Euphorbia, wanda aka yi amfani da mutane domin dalilai daban-daban.