Cathedral of St. Stanislaus da St. Vladislav, Vilnius, Lithuania

Cathedral of St. Stanislaus da St. Vladislav (Vilnius, Lithuania) - shi ne ba wai kawai wata babbar yawon shakatawa janye daga birnin, amma kuma babban Roman Katolika a ko'ina cikin kasar. An located a gindin Castle Hill, a saman wanda tsaye da Hasumiyar Gediminas. Ziyarci babban birnin kasar na Lithuania, da kuma ba su gani ba cikin Cathedral ne kawai zai yiwu ba, har ma idan ya kai ziyara ba a hada a cikin tsare-tsaren. By babban coci square ne duk hanyoyi na tsohon ɓangare na birnin. Abin da yake haka shahara babban coci, wanda shi ne sadaukar? Abin da ya kamata lalle ne, haƙĩƙa ganin ta shiga karkashin majestic arches? Wannan za a tattauna a cikin labarin.

Basilica matsayi: abin da ake nufi?

Da farko bayyana wannan tambaya da dalilin da ya sa Cathedral of St. Stanislaus da St. Vladislav ne na irin wannan muhimmanci ga dukkan Vilnius da kuma Lithuania ta mũminai. Tun 1922, yake cikin Haikali ya sanya Basilica matsayi. Kalmar da aka samu daga Girkanci "basileus" -imperator sarki. The title of Basilica Ibada awards Paparoma ya jaddada siffa daga cikin coci. Kuma kalmar "babban coci" yana nufin cewa coci - babban birni.

Mene ne haka na musamman a cikin Cathedral of St. Stanislav da Vladislav cewa ya aka sanya wa irin wannan babban daraja? Da fari dai, shi ne mafi tsufa a kasar. Na biyu, akwai da sa kambi na wadanada na Great Lithuania. Na uku, a cikin crypt na coci ake binne shahararren shugabanninmu, bishops da kuma manya. Kuma nan, akwai har yanzu aikata duk mafi muhimmanci coci ayyuka da kuma jama'a bikin. Sabõda haka kada ku tafi a cikin Cathedral of Vilnius zai zama m zuwa gare shi.

Tarihi na ginin

Da zarar kan wani lokaci wannan wuri da aka located a arna haikali. A girmamawa ga Allah na Thunder Walƙiya rana da dare ya da wani wuta a bisa bagaden. Wannan dutse da aka samu ta archaeologists gwada da kwanan nan a cikin kurkuku na cikin Haikalin, a wannan lokaci shi ne fallasa. A farkon goma sha uku karni, Lithuanian King Mindaugas (sarauta daga 1223) ya so ya enlist taimakon soji Livonians daga cikin mafi iko a wannan lokaci a kasashen Turai da Knights, don haka ya zama Kirista. A site na wani arna haikalin Perun ya gina coci (mai yiwuwa a cikin 50s na 13th karni). Amma daga baya sarkin ya kõma zuwa ga tsohon addini. The coci da aka hallaka, kuma a wurinsa gina Haikali Perkunas da Thunderer.

A karshe, a 1387 an karshe shukakkun Kiristanci a kasar. Daga cikin sa'an nan babban birnin kasar na Poland a Krakow zo zuwa Vilnius Korol Yagaylo, wanda shi ne a wancan lokacin, da kuma Grand Duke na Lithuania, ya kasance da kaina ba a cikin halakar da wani arna haikali. A ta wurin sarki da kansa ya aza na farko da dutse daga cikin cocin Katolika. Saboda haka Cathedral of St. Stanislaus aka gina. Yana da aka gina a cikin Gothic style da lokacin farin ciki ganuwar da buttresses. Wannan babban coci tsaya har 1419.

haikalin metamorphosis

Daga Gothic zamani haikali zauna kawai, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa kadai. Cathedral ƙone akai-akai (a 1399 da kuma 1419 bi da bi, kazalika da sau da yawa a lokacin karni na sha shida). Tun da haikali an located a kan wani sashin jutting daga cikin kogin Neris (Vilija biyu name), ya ne sau da yawa wanda aka azabtar da ambaliyar ruwa. Amma da Cathedral of St. Stanislaus kullum gina da kuma 'yan asalin zama ƙara kyau. Musamman mai yawa kudi ga sake ma su matsugunni da bayar da coci Lithuanian Grand Duke Vytautas da matarsa Anna Svyatoslavovna.

A babban coci da aka gina a cikin Renaissance style. Don yin wannan, daga Italiya Korol Sigizmund Augustus rubuta a master gine-ginen - Bernardo Zanobbi a Gianotti, kuma daga baya Dzhovanni Chini Siena. Amma ga mai girma nasarori a dutse ba kai mu lokaci. A wuta a 1610 halakar da halittar Renaissance Masters. Sabuntawa na babban coci da aka tsunduma m Vilgelm Pol. Kyaututukan da ya samu sun halakar da Rasha sojojin, wanda a 1655 ci birnin, ya zuwa tushe na Baroque haikali wawushe. Ya kammala da halakar sojojin da Sweden.

Kamar yadda ginin ya samu wani zamani look

A 1769, Vilnius share a kan wani mataki mai hadari. By girma iskõki rushe kudu hasumiyar Haikalin, binne a karkashin kufai a karkara shida limaman. Wannan bala'i ya sa jama'a su yi imani da cewa bukatar da cika fuska sake gina Cathedral of St. Stanislaus.

Gina wani sabon gini a kan kango na haihuwa da umarni shahara Lithuanian m Lourinas Gucevičius. Ya yi zato, m aikin - mu hada a cikin guda gine-gine da gungu na daban-daban style gine-gine: babban nave (Gothic), ɗakin sujada na St. Casimir (Baroque), sauran chapels (Renaissance). A lokaci guda, da m so Haikali don saduwa da ruhun zamani. Kuma a lokacin da aka mamaye classicism. Kamar yadda ta yi ciki da m, babban coci da aka kamata su yi kama da zamanin d Girkanci Haikali. Dubi zũriyarsu Gucevičius ba dole. Amma bayan mutuwarsa da aikin da aka ci gaba da sauran gine-ginen, bisa ga shirin.

Soviet zamanin

A 1922, Paparoma Benedict ni'imta ta biyu Vilnius Cathedral Basilica matsayi. Ko a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu da aka gudanar a cikin Haikali bauta. Amma Soviet hukuma bayan da annexation na Lithuania dauke da Cathedral of St. Stanislaus anti-Soviet. The coci da aka rufe da juya a cikin wani sito. A 1950, shi da aka cire daga rufin babban coci da kuma halakar da mutummutumai tsarkaka. Jikin zo a deplorable jihar. Ya ro a da jama'a, a 1956, Vilnius Hoto Gallery aka kafa a cikin wani tsohon babban coci. Gabar da aka mayar da tun shekarar 1963 a ranar Lahadi a cikin Haikali ya fara dauki bakuncin kide.

Tun shekara ta 1980, mun fara manyan-sikelin aiki don agazawa da musamman frescoes. Sun dade shekara goma. A shekarar 1989 da coci da aka mika wa Roman Katolika. Suka zaunar da dukiya al'amurran da suka shafi tare da shi. Saboda haka da gidan kayan gargajiya a cikin ganuwar da haikali zauna. Yanzu an located in crypt (ginshiki) na babban coci.

Waje da ciki

A facade na gini ne mai Firayim misali na gargajiya style. An yi wa ado da ginshikan da mutummutumai a kan rufin sake ƙirƙirarsu daga hotunan na St. Stanislaus, Kazimir da Elena. A maharibai za ka iya ganin sculptures na hudu masu bishara.

Cathedral of St. Stanislaus (Vilnius) kamar yadda kyau a ciki kamar yadda a waje. Wasu hamsin frescos da kuma zane-zane 16-19 ƙarni ƙawata ganuwar. Abin da ya kamata ka biya na musamman da hankali, domin shi ne ɗakin sujada na St. Casimir. Yana da aka gina a cikin farkon karni na goma sha bakwai ta domin na King Sigismund III Vasa.

A yi aka kawo Italian m K. Tensallo kazalika da wani gini kayan amfani Swedish sandstone da multicolored marmara daga Apennines da Carpathians. A crypt na babban coci da aka located kabarin da karya da yawa wadanada, ciki har da guda biyu banza, tsohon matar Sigismund Augustus. Wannan Elizabeth Habsburg da kyau mata na ta lokaci Barbora Radziwill. Har ila yau a cikin ganuwar da haikalin ya ta'allaka ne da zuciya na King Vasa.

Cathedral of St. Stanislaus (Vilnius) adireshin da sauran amfani bayanai

Nemo wannan haikali ne mai sauki. An located a cikin zuciya na gari, da Cathedral Square, 1. Koyi yadda sauƙi ta tanã fita a kusa da wani tsohon kararrawa hasumiya. The coci ne bude a kowace rana, daga bakwai da safe har 19 hours. Duba ta ciki na iya zama a wannan lokaci, idan ba da za'ayi taro. Hours bauta dogara ne a kan mako kwana da addini holidays.

Cathedral of St. Stanislaus (Lithuania) musamman daraja Dogayen sanda da suka zo nan da in bauta wa tokar manyan sarakuna. A crypt ƙofar fee (game da 4 Tarayyar Turai). Bugu da kari wurin kabarin, a cikin kõgon haikali ne a gidan kayan gargajiya na tarihi. Akwai za ka iya ganin wani ɓaɓɓake daga clutches na farkon Cathedrals da arna bagadan.