Comparative Misalai a cikin adabi - waqe da kuma litattafan. Definition da misalai na kwatancen a Rasha harshen

Daya iya karshe magana game da kyakkyawa da richness na Rasha harshe. Wadannan muhawara - kawai wani dalilin tafiyar a cikin irin wannan hira. Saboda haka misãlai.

Cewa akwai a kwatanta

A gaskiya ma, cikin lokaci Multi-mai daraja. Wannan al'amari aka tabbatar ta hanyar kwatanta m misalai mu kiyaye a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum. Colloquially shi ne wajen da assimilation of daban-daban abubuwa, da da'awar cewa su ne daidai, ko irin wannan.

A ilmin lissafi, da kalmar "kwatanta" da aka kõre da mai walƙiya da wannan ra'ayi na "rabo." Gwada lambobin for daidaici ko rashin daidaito, mun sami bambance-bambance tsakanin su.

Kwatanta ne ma ake magana a kan aiwatar da gwama kamance da kuma bambance-bambance, amfani ko rashin amfani da dama abubuwa. Kamar yadda misalai nuna, da kwatanta a cikin irin kimiyyar yadda falsafar, Psychology, ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a - shi ne wani nau'i ne na fahimi ayyukan muhimmi tattaunawa game da kamance da kuma bambance-bambance tsakanin abubuwa na binciken. Da taimakon bambancin ya nuna daban-daban halaye na wadannan abubuwa ko mamaki.

Kwatanta adabi: definition da misalai

Stylistic da kuma wallafe-wallafen aka kwatanta da ɗan daban-daban ma'anar. Wannan adadi na magana, stylistic na'urorin, a cikin abin da wasu mamaki ko abubuwa suna kamanta shi da wasu na kowa sifa. A kwatanta Hanyar iya zama mai sauki, yayin da a baya ne yawanci ba otpredelennye kalmomi. Daga cikinsu akwai: "yadda", "idan", "idan", "daidai". Amma akwai wani kai tsaye ba Hanyar kwatanta: a wannan yanayin, da kwatanta da aka yi da wani suna a cikin instrumental hali ba tare da wani bigire. Misali: "Onegin rayu anchorite" ( "Eugene Onegin" A. S. Pushkina).

Similes da metaphors

Kwatancen ake inextricably nasaba da sauran wallafe-wallafen ra'ayi, misãli - da magana da ake amfani a zaurance. A gaskiya, bisa misãli, kuma ba a wakilta wani mike kwatanta. Alal misali, line na Alexander Blok "Ran da na waqoqi kõguna" shi ne wani hali misãli (da kalmar "kõguna" da ake amfani a zaurance). Amma wannan shi ne guda line kuma gwada ayoyin gudu kamar yadda qarqashinsu.

Abin sha'awa da yin amfani da metaphorical dabaru a cikin yanayin da ake kira korau misãlai. Misalan kwatancen za a iya sauƙi samu a cikin epics. "Akwai biyu girgije a sararin sama converge, converge biyu tsoro jarumi" - a cikin wannan juna tsohon Rasha almara da kuma a lokaci guda ya jaddada kama karaya warriors tare da m girgije mai duhu, da kuma hana su ainihi, kuma yana zare gaba ɗaya m overall hoto.

Korau kwatancen mafi peculiar ayyukan jama'a art da kuma jama'a stylization, wasa na musamman rawa a cikin fahimta da m image. A nan ne mai line daga ayyukan Nekrasov: "Ba a Dubravushka huntsman naushe, cackles Daredevil - naplakal, chopping kuma chopping itace matasa bazawara." A kashi na biyu na magana (naplakal ...) a ciki da na kanta ne wadãtacce, shi ake bayyana so ma'anar. Amma kawai a kungiyar na biyu sassa na jumla ba ka damar fuskanci duk haushi, da bala'i ya faru.

Wajen magana da harshen

Kwatancen taimaka don bayyana wani ra'ayi, ko sabon abu, gwada su da sauran abubuwa - dadi, kamar zuma, m, kamar vinegar. Amma babban burin - ba gaggauta yanda halayyar Properties na wani abu. Babban daya ne dimbin yawa, mafi m magana marubucin tunani, kamar yadda daya daga cikin mafi iko wajen aikewa - da kwatanta. Misalai daga adabi brilliantly kwatanta da rawar a cikin samuwar ake so image to marubucin. A nan ne layi na halittar HU Lermontov: "Haroun gudu sauri Lucenzo, da sauri fiye da hare daga gaggafa a baya." Za ka iya kawai ce, "Haroun gudu sosai da sauri" ko "Haroun gudu tare da babban gudun." Amma, kasancewa gaskiya da asalinta, irin phrases dã ba su samu ko da wani karamin mataki na sakamako, wanda shi ne muhimmi a Lermontov Lines.

Features

Biyan haraji ga kwatancen yadda mai iko exponents na Rasha harshen fasali, da yawa masu bincike suka yi mamaki rationality daga wadannan misãlai. Zai ze, a nan kuma rationality? Bayan duk, babu daya daga cikin kwatancen ba ya bukatar ainihin, a zahiri! Amma a nan sabanin kwatanta misalai, da Lines na zuwa mutane daban-daban. "Akwai ognelikie eland, kamar yadda tabarau da jini ruwan inabi" (N. Z) da kuma "Yana alama cewa rabo, a cikin kasuwar kana da wani mahauci, wanda bloodied wuka daga tip zuwa yankan" (Haqqani). Domin duk dissimilarities na wadannan maganganu suna bambanta da na kowa alama. Dukansu phrases gaya mana game da quite talakawa abubuwa (a ja, wani nauyi mutum makoma) da kuma rubuce kawai a wani daban-daban tsari, zai iya sauƙi samun ɓace a wani rubutu. Amma yin amfani da kwatancen ( "tabarau na giya mai jini", "mahauci ta wuka") ya juya ga zama daidai da touch cewa kara da gangan sauki kalmomi na musamman expressiveness da emotionality. Zai yiwu cewa shi ne dalilin da ya sa songs kuma romantic waqe, inda riga karfi wani tunanin, kwatancen ne ko da m iya fiye da a cikin idon basira labari.

Misalan kwatancen a Rasha harshen

Rasha harshen da aka dauki daya daga cikin mafi wuya. Kuma a lokaci guda, halittar m litattafansu gane mafi fice a duniya, asali, talented. Da alama cewa akwai wani inextricable mahada tsakanin wadannan hujjoji. harshen koyo wahala ne wani babba yawan siffofin ba a shi yana iya zama dama. Amma shi ne kuma ya bude babbar sarari ga talented marubuci wanda ya iya Master da tricky dabaru. Rasha harshen ne sosai sosai m: shi ya ƙunshi m yiwuwa, ba ka damar juya talakawa kalma a wani haske gani image yi shi resound a sabon hanyoyi, don haka da cewa shi ya zauna har abada a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar. Musamman da wannan shayari. "Our rayuwa a cikin tsufa - sawa tufafi: kuma jin kunyar sa shi, da kuma hakuri da su bar." Wannan line P.Vyazemsky ne mai girma misali na yin amfani da kwatancen a cikin wallafe-wallafen aiki.

A cikin aikin AS Pushkin

A cikin babban waƙen aka gane a matsayin baiwa ikon mallakar nagartaccen wallafe-wallafen da na'urorin. Amfani a cikin Littafin waqoqi da waqe kwatancen suna dukar a cikin mamaki da kuma a lokaci guda, daidaito, neatness.

"M silvery ƙura masa dabbar beaver kwala" - a line daga waka "Eugene Onegin". Kawai 'yan kalmomi, amma ya fita a gaban ku Capital babban titi, an rufe shi da dusar ƙanƙara, da kuma matasa dandy, zuwa ball. Kuma a sa'an nan a scene a ball, "ya zo a cikin: da toshe a cikin rufi, ruwan inabi nisan kafa splashed halin yanzu". Rubuta Pushkin cewa sabis buɗe salkar shampen, zai kau da kai daga gaskiya. Amma zai sa'an nan ya haifar don haka a fili wannan m zanen, festive, kyalkyali fun?

Kuma wannan shi ne daga waka "The Bronze doki": "Kafin junior babban birnin kasar na iri na tsohon Moscow kamar yadda kafin da wani sabon sarauniya Porphyry bazawara." Shin yana yiwuwa more daidai kai da yanayi na wani patriarchal kuma ko da abandonment sarauta a Moscow bayan da Rasha babban birnin kasar da aka mai suna Petra? "Rashin jituwa da kama ta haihuwa bari cikin tãguwar ruwa Finnish manta!" - wannan shi ne yadda da ruwa daga Neva aka encased a dutse. E, mai yiwuwa, wannan zai iya bayyana ba tare da kwatancen, amma an kõma da marubucin hoton zai tsaya fita don haka a fili a gaban idanunmu?

Kuma a kan Rasha poetic kerawa

Wonderful misalai na yin amfani da kamanta images rasa a ayyukan sauran Rasha kasida. Amazing kwatanta waka Bunin ta "Yara" daidai kai da yanayi na wani zafi zafi rana, ji wani yaro wanda ya kai rãnã da gandun daji dadin dandano. Sand daga marubucin - wani siliki itace gangar jikin - wata katuwar, da kuma rana rani gandun daji - hasken rana jam'iyya.

Babu kasa na ƙwarai, ko sosai daban-daban misalai ne ba a cikin ayyukansu na sauran Masters Rasha kalmomi. Esenina kwatancen a cikin waka: "Barka da safiya!" Tayi masu karatu a bazara alfijir. Gold taurari a jijjiga, maimakon kogin ruwa - madubi backwater a kan birches kore 'yan kunne, da azurfa dew kona da kuma harbin nettle ayyukan hajji mai haske lu'u-lu'u. A gaskiya ma, cikin dukan waka - shi ne daya babban kwatanta. Da kuma yadda shi da kyau!

Game da kwatancen da aikin S. Esenina iya magana lokaci mai tsawo - har sai sun kasance duk mai haske, m kuma duk da haka sabanin. Idan aikin "Barka da safiya," yanayi ne haske, m, m, da karatu na waka "Black mutumin" akwai ji da nauyi, ko da wani bala'i (ba abin mamaki shi ne dauke da wani irin Requiem marubucin). Kuma wannan yanayi na yanke kauna da aka ma dimbin yawa da dada m kwatanta!

"Black mutumin" - wani irin ban tausayi waka. A baki mutum, ko tasowa a mafarki, ko a delirium marubucin. Yesenin kokarin gane abin da irin hangen nesa. Kuma a sa'an nan jerin m kwatancen: "Abin da l kamar itacen tsamiya a watan Satumba, shawa tarar da kwakwalwarmu barasa", "My shugaban waving da kunnuwa kamar yadda fuka-fuki na tsuntsu a wuyanta, kafafu looming fi girma iya tsayawa ba," "A cikin watan Disamba, a cikin ƙasa na snow to shaidan tsabta da kuma bayar da haihuwa ga wani snowstorm fun kadi dabaran. " Karanta wadannan Lines kuma za ka iya ganin shi a dukan: mai haske da kuma sanyi da hunturu, da kuma babbar adam yanke ƙauna.

ƙarshe

Ra'ayinsu na iya zama daban-daban. Amma wasu, da ya fãɗi, kuma maras ban sha'awa phrases, idan ba incoherent babble, yayin da wasu - da na marmari flowery juna. Kwatancen da kuma sauran m dabaru damar cimma alama harshe biyu rubuta da kuma baka. Kuma kada ku manta da wannan arziki.