Crimea: da tattalin arziki da kuma albarkatun. Jamhuriyar Crimea

Crimean sashin ya kasance wani ɓangare na Rasha Empire, ya kuma gudanar da wani gagarumin wuri a cikin tarayyar Soviet. Shi ne sanannen domin ta spas, ruwan inabi kuma kabilu yawan jama'a da kuma wani arziki tarihi, ba tun da karatu da cewa, shi ne wuya ta yiwu ga cikakken gane abin da yake cikin Crimea tattalin arzikin kasar a yau.

albarkatun

A Crimea, akwai daban-daban na kasa, ciki har da baki ƙasa, wanda zauna fiye da 45% na yankin wannan yanki. Suna nasarar amfani ga namo daban-daban amfanin gona. A sashin ne kadan kogin, don warware matsalolin da mazauna sun dade koya don amfani a karkashin kasa ruwa, kazalika da ƙirƙirar wucin gadi kududdufai, amma rayuwar da tattalin arzikin na Crimea yau ne sun fi mayar dogara a kan wadata da na sabo ne da ruwa daga ɓangaren duniya.

A cikin zurfin na sashin ma yana da adibas na daban-daban albarkatun kamar tama, gishiri, da kuma man gas, a can an samu daban-daban kayan gini.

Hakika, da babban arziki da Crimea ne kawai na wasanni albarkatu, wanda aka yadu amfani da hutu, yawon shakatawa, magani. Wannan yana warkar da laka, da kuma musamman spas, kuma a rairayin bakin teku a Black kuma Azov Tekuna, wanda aka ziyarci da miliyoyin masu yawon shakatawa a kowace shekara.

Crimea a tsufa

Yana da quite na fili da cewa mutane gurin ta mamaye mafi m ga mai rai yankin. M ƙasar, inda za ka iya shiga a cikin dabbõbin ni'ima kiwo da noma, arziki a Crimea. A tattalin arzikin wannan yanki da yawa sau ne sun fi mayar dogara a kan cinikayya, saboda ta kasa location kawai na taimaka wa wannan.

An yi imani da cewa na farko da mutane a cikin Crimea sun ko da 250 da dubu. Shekaru da suka wuce, da kuma rubuta littafin tarihin Cimmerians, da suke zaune a wannan yanki a cikin XV-VII ƙarni. BC. e. Bayan da suka yi ne kawai mutanen iya rayuwa a nan: Brand, Sarmatians da Scythians, Helenawa da Romawa da, Khazars, Cumans da Pechenegs, Rumawa, Turks, Tatars, Armenia da kuma Slavs. Dukan su sun bar su da alãmarsu a kan al'adun wannan yanki.

Crimea a Rasha Empire

A tsarin da Rasha ta mallaka sashin, kafin tsohon Crimean khanate, ya shiga a 1783. Da cewa wannan shekarar, da na sojan ruwa da tashar jiragen ruwa na Sevastopol aka kafa. Kuma daga wannan lokacin Crimean tattalin arzikin ya samu domin ta ci gaba da wani babban jiko na kudi daga Rasha taskar.

Bisa sabon birane, kauyuka da kadarori, da kuma sababbin industrialists gina masana'antu da sauran Enterprises. A waɗannan shekaru, a kan ƙasashen da sashin zaunar da yawa baƙi, free kuma serfs da suka zo daga kasar Rasha da kuma sauran kasashen Turai. Domin duk sami aiki a nan - mutane tsunduma a aikin gona, viticulture, beekeeping, samar da hatsi da taba, mined gishiri. An kuma aka tura zuwa yi na sojan ruwa da kuma m jiragen ruwa.

A ci gaba da tattalin arzikin na sashin hana Crimean War, wanda ya fara a 1853, sa'an nan kuma juyin juya halin na 1917, amma a lokaci na zaman lafiya da gwamnati ta sanya kowane kokarin tabbatar da ci gaban Tauris.

Crimea a matsayin wani ɓangare na Tarayyar Soviet

Crimea Tattalin Arziki na RSFSR, 1954 a haɗe zuwa da Tarayyar Soviet, ya al'ada mayar da hankali a kan yawon shakatawa, da kuma sashin da aka tsara kamar yadda All-Union kiwon lafiya mafaka. Amma wannan yanki ne mai wuya ya zama babban kansu a cikin yankin. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa ginin zamantakewa na Tarayyar Soviet ya kamata su biya jihar mafi part a kan sauran halin kaka da kuma kyautata na yawan jama'ar, don haka da cewa gudunmawar da sana'ar yawon shakatawa a cikin tattalin arzikin na yankin za a iya dauke da wani m m.

Bugu da kari ga saba yin amfani da wasanni albarkatun, tare da aikin noma, Crimea ya zama wata babbar tushe na sojan ruwa, samar da tasiri na Tarayyar Soviet a kan Black Sea. A sashin da aka quite nasarar bunkasa masana'antu samar - na farko na duk wannan soja kayan aiki da kuma Shipbuilding. Bugu da kari, akwai bude kamfanonin da hannu a cikin aiki da kifi, da 'ya'yan itace, da kayan lambu da kuma' ya'yan inabi, wanda kayayyakin an kuma fitar dashi.

Tattalin arzikin na Crimea a matsayin wani ɓangare na Ukraine

Wannan na musamman page a cikin rayuwar wannan yanki. Daga farko shekaru na perestroika sa'an nan daga baya auka na Tarayyar Soviet, da tattalin arziki na Jamhuriyar Crimea aka jurewa manyan canje-canje. Kuma shi ba sosai cewa daga nan a kan sashin da aka bar shi kadai tare da 'yancin kai na Ukraine - da m ne m model na free kasuwar, wanda ake aiwatar a mafi yawan post-Soviet sarari.

A sakamakon sake fasalin ya da wani gagarumin raguwar samar, rage daga cikin yankin na da gonaki, da gonakin inabi, da kuma soja kansu da kuma a duk ya kusan soke. Daban-daban sassa na tattalin arzikin hana jihar goyon baya, yanzu duk bisa kan ka'ida na masu zaman kansu dukiya da kuma samun riba. Tafi da yawa daga cikin Soviet gonaki, kuma rufe ko derelict yawa sanatoria da sauran likita da kuma cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya.

Mai cin gashin kanta Jamhuriyar Crimea ya daina zama wani dukkan-Union kiwon lafiya mafaka - yanzu mafi yawon bude ido fi son a rairayin bakin teku hutu, da kuma tafiya zuwa Misira ko Turkey, sun kasance wani lokacin da riba.

Tourism a matsayin dalilin da tattalin arzikin na Crimea

Domin shekaru 20, ƙoƙarin jawo hankalin zuba jari a cikin m jamhuriyar yi ba musamman nasara, baicin mun gwada da kananan adadin kudi Ukrainian da kuma Rasha zuba jari. A 2010 kadai, yawon shakatawa, ya hukuma bayyana wani fifiko, da kuma gwamnatin fara da kuɗaɗen da ci gaban tattalin arziki na Crimea. Muhimmanci kudi da aka kashe a cikin ababen more rayuwa.

Kan bango na janar karkatar sana'ar yawon shakatawa ne mafi zama muhimmanci, kuma, tare da sabis masana'antu kawo wa kasafin kudin na sashin akalla 25% na kudaden shiga. A farkon 2014 yawon bude ido ziyartar sabis a sãɓãwar launukansa digiri shi ya zama tushen samun kudin shiga ga 50% na Crimean mutane. Fiye da 75% na dukkan yawon bude ido dauki Yalta, Alushta da Yevpatoria.

Bayan shiga Rasha

Rasha ta tattalin arzikin bayan da annexation na Crimea ya sha fama da wani karin tattalin arzikin wannan yanki. Ko da yake pensions kuma albashi a cikin jama'a kansu ne a hankali ya karu da 50%, amma farashin an tashi a game da wannan kudi a matsayin mai rahusa Ukrainian dukiya yanzu babu damar zuwa kasuwar na Crimea.

Bugu da kari, mafi yawan masu yawon shakatawa zuwa natsu a yankin, da aka gabatar wa mazauna Ukraine. Yanzu da Jamhuriyar Crimea da kuma yawan al'ummarta saboda da adawa tsakanin Ukraine da Rasha ya rasa wani mahimmin juzu'in da samun kudin shiga.

A gaskiya ma, matsaloli da dama na: shi ne mai kasawa na ruwa da wutar lantarki a Crimean sashin, kuma barga aiki da banki tsarin - matsalar, ba shakka, za a iya warware, amma shi duka daukan lokaci.

Da tsare-tsaren da nan gaba

Ko da yake Rasha Crimea More muhimmanci daga geopolitical ra'ayi, gwamnatin shirin ci gaba a yankin. A lokacin shekara, ma'aikatar kula da tattalin arziki na Crimea sau biyu maye gurbin ta shugaba - Svetlana Verba, wanda ya yi aiki a sashen tun a shekarar 2011, a watan Oktoba 2014 ya maye gurbin Nikolay Koryazhkin, wurin da, bi da bi, a cikin watan Yuni 2015 aka nada Valentin Demidov, a baya aka gudanar da matsayi na Magajin Armyansk .

A sabon ministan tattalin arzikin na Crimea shirin tsanani tafiyar da kyautata na da free tattalin arziki zone da kuma janyo hankalin masu zuba jari. A cewar shi, na farko kana bukatar ka fara zuwa da yawa tare da burokrasi, kazalika Don ƙirƙirar sarari da kuma m tsarin a cikin abin da masu zuba jari za a dace don aiki sabõda haka, sũ ba tsoratarwa hange idan ka yi kasuwanci makale a cikin ofisoshin da daban-daban ayyuka da kuma hukumomin.