Cruise makamai masu linzami, Rasha da kuma Amurka

Development of soja da kuma sarari da fasaha a cikin hamsin hamsin ya yafi wajen kafa intercontinental kayan aikin da za su iya zama cutarwa ga dabarun yanayi. Duk da haka, 'yan adam da aka tara kwarewa tsiwirwirinsu a cikin ci gaban musamman irin harsasai, da hada da halaye na jirgin sama da kuma makamai masu linzami. Aka saita su a motsi da amsawa ruwa ko m engine, amma ta amfani da daga jirgin tsohon kashi a cikin] aukacin zane. A da cruise makamai masu linzami. Rasha (sai da Tarayyar Soviet), sun kasance ba da muhimmanci a matsayin intercontinental amma aikin da aka riga da ake yi a kan su. Ta hanyar da shekarun da suka gabata, shi ya kasance nasara. Da dama samfurori da irin wannan makami ne riga a cikin arsenal ko zai dauki su wuri a cikin sahu ya hana wa m tsõkana. Sun sa tsoro da kuma gaba daya hana marmarin kai farmaki cikin kasar.

"Tomahawk" tare da wani neutron bam - eighties mafarki mai ban tsoro

A cikin marigayi eighties Soviet farfaganda biya mai girma da hankali ga biyu sabon iri American makamai. A neutron bam, wanda ya razana Pentagon "duk m Adam", bisa ga taccen Properties iya gasa kawai tare da "Tomahawk". Wadannan selachian bawo tare da bakin ciki short jirage sun iya Sneak up a kan hari a kan Soviet ƙasa kada a gane, ya kange daga ganewa tsarin a cikin gullies, kogin gadaje da sauran halitta depressions ta duniya ɓawon burodi. Yana da matukar m don jin nasu shigewa, da kuma Soviet jama'a da aka outraged da cewa mayaudara imperialists sake zana kasar ci gaban da gurguzanci a sabon zagaye na makamai tseren, da kuma dalilin shi ne cruise makamai masu linzami. Rasha da wani abu don amsa da barazana. Kawai wasu sosai sanar da mutane san cewa a gaskiya, wani abu irin wannan da aka riga da ake ci gaba a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma abubuwan da ba haka bad.

American gatari

A samfur dukkan zamani cruise makamai masu linzami da za a iya ambata Jamus jirgin sama-harsashi V-1 (V-1). Outwardly, yake kama da American "Tomahawk", halitta hudu bayan shekaru da dama: da wannan jirgin sama a mike kuma kunkuntar fuselage, sauki primitiveness silhouette. Amma akwai bambanci, kuma yafi. Harsasai, lashe Turanci suna Cruise harsashi, - shi ne ba kawai wani makami mai linzami sanye take da wani reshe, yana da wani abu mafi. The m sauki boyewa sosai hadaddun fasaha makirci, babban kashi na wanda yake shi ne nafani kwamfuta, nan take shan yanke shawarar canza hanya da kuma tsawo, domin kauce wa collisions tare da cikas. Wajibi ne ga jirgin a musamman low tsawo a wani kudi isa ya cika da sauran sharuddan da mamaki, - gudun bayarwa cajin zuwa ga manufa. Kuma shi ya da muhimmanci a yi aiki da kyau "idanu" na "sharks". Radar saka a cikin hanci na dako, ga dukkan cikas da ya wuce a kan bayani game da lantarki kwakwalwa, wanda bincikar da taimako, kuma ya ba da iko sakonni handlebars (slats, bude yatsun, ailerons, da sauransu.). Cikakken supersonic cruise makami mai linzami da Amurkawa bai samu: a iyakance gwamnatocin "Tomahawk" ya zo ne kawai a karshe ɓangare na yanayin, amma shi ba ya hana shi zuwa matsayi a hakikanin barazana a yau, musamman game da kasashen da ba su da cikakken iska da kuma makami mai linzami tsaron gida tsarin.

Soviet X-90

Yana ba a san wasu abin da ya sa Soviet gwamnati ba wani nuni ne na farkon da ci gaban kr. Zai yiwu m ruwaito game da farkon na American bincike a cikin wannan yanki, amma yana yiwuwa cewa ra'ayin, wanda ya tashi a cikin zurfin m cibiyoyin bincike sha'awar wani daga ma'aikatar tsaron. Duk da haka dai, a shekarar 1976 ya fara aiki, kuma an kammala kwanan an kafa shi ne kananan - shekaru shida. Tun daga farko, mu zanen kaya sun tafi wata hanya fiye da Amurka takwarorinsu. Subsonic gudun ba su yaudari. A roka da aka kamata su shawo kan dukkan iyakokin kare wani m, maƙiyi a cikin matsananci-low altitudes. Kuma a supersonic gudun. farko prototypes da aka wakilta ƙarshen shekaru goma, wanda ya nuna a kan polygon gwaje-gwaje kyau kwarai da sakamakon (har zuwa 3 M). Asirin makaman ci gaba da inganta, da kuma a cikin shekaru goma iya tashi da sauri fiye da hudu riga sauti velocities. A 1997 kadai, duniya al'umma ya kasance iya ganin wannan mu'ujiza da fasaha a nuni MAKS a Hall Research and Production Association "Bakan Gizo". Modern Rasha cruise da makamai masu linzami ne kai tsaye magada daga cikin Soviet KH-90. Ko da sunan sami ceto, amma ya ce makamai ya halartar da yawa canje-canje. Sinadarin tushe ya daban-daban.

Da ƙaddamar da wannan roka da aka kamata su da za'ayi tare da Tu-160, wata babbar dabarun kai harin m na dauke da bam din bay a 12-mita harsasai da nadawa jirage. The m ya kasance iri guda.

"Koala"

Modern Rasha cruise makamai masu linzami da X-90 "koala" ya m, kuma ya fi guntu fiye da m: ta tsawon shi ne kasa da 9 mita. Sani a game da shi kadan, yafi da cewa ta sosai zama (ba tare da bayyana cikakken bayani) na damuwa da kuma hangula na mu American abokan. A dalilin shi ne tsoron da wani ƙara dako range (3500 km), wanda shi ne bisa ga ƙa'ida warware da sharuddan da INF yarjejeniyar (Intermediate-range). Amma wannan ba tsoro na Amurka, da kuma cewa wadannan dabarun cruise da makamai masu linzami (as aka kira su, ko da yake cikin teku, suka ba za a iya shawo kan) iya "hack" duk iyakoki makami mai linzami tsaron tsarin cewa Amurka m amma ya rika koma zuwa ga Rasha kan iyakoki.

Wannan abin kwaikwaya ya riga ya samu ta "NATO" nadi: koala AS-X-21. Mun kira shi daban, wato hypersonic gwaji jirgin sama (Gael).

A babban manufa ta aikin kunshi a gaskiyar cewa, barin bam bays na Tu-160 a wata tsawo na 7 zuwa 20 kilomita, ya straightens Delta fuka-fuki da wutsiya, sa'an nan kuma gudu totur accelerates da dako zuwa supersonic, kuma bayan da cewa ya zo da ƙaddamar da babban engine. A kudi na dakushe kudaden shiga zuwa har zuwa 5 M, kuma ta Gael rushes makasudin, wanda zai iya riga a yi la'akari wanzuwa. Kr sakonnin wannan shi ne kusan ba zai yiwu.

"Uranus", sojan ruwa da jirgin sama

Anti-jirgin da makamai masu linzami da kuma ne mafi sau da yawa cruise. Su yanayin, kamar yadda mai mulkin, kama da fama Hakika terrestrial takwarorinsu. A ci gaba da wadannan makamai a Tarayyar Soviet da aka tsunduma a cikin zane ofishin "Star". A shekarar 1984, shugaba zanen G. I. Hohlovu aka kallafa tare da samar da wani hadadden wajen magance maƙiyi surface sojan ruwa manufofin hijirar na har zuwa dubu biyar ton (watau gwada da kananan) a cikin yanayi na aiki lantarki cigaba da hadaddun meteorological yanayi. A sakamakon tawagar kokarin shi ne X-35 "Uranus", bisa ga halaye, shi wajen yayi dace da sigogi na American kr "hargi" da kuma za a iya amfani da a Salvo yanayin. Cikin kewayon ne 120 km shan kashi. A hadaddun sanye take da wani tsarin na ganewa, ganewa da kuma shiriya, kafa ba kawai a kan fama raka'a na Navy, amma kuma a kan iska dako (jirage masu saukar ungulu Ka-27, Ka-28, MiG-29, Su-24, Su-30, Su-35, tu-142, Yak-141 da kuma wasu), wanda muhimmanci kara karfin wannan makami. An fara yi a kan ultra-low tsawo (200 m), anti-jirgin da makamai masu linzami na da irin wannan ake, ɗaukar a gudun sama da 1,000 km / h kan kusan taguwar ruwa (daga 5 zuwa 10 m, kuma a karshe kashi na yanayin, kuma ya aikata drop zuwa uku mita). Ganin kananan girma na dako (4 m, a tsawon, 40 cm), shi za a iya zaci cewa sakonnin da shi sosai matsala.

"Daruruwan X"

Bayan iska defenses, duka biyu Soviet da kuma American, kai a ci gaba da high iya aiki, a kan aikace-aikace svobodnopadayuschih harsasai watsi da kusan dukkan kasashen. Availability na da kyau-quality, abin dogara da kuma iko da dabarun kai harin prompted soja shugabannin, ka nemi wani amfani a gare su, kuma shi da aka samu. A Amurka B-52, da kuma a cikin Tarayyar Soviet Tu-95 ya fara da za a yi amfani da matsayin tashi makami mai linzami launchers. A cikin nineties da babban dako na Rasha harsasai dabara da kuma dabarun zargin, tsĩrar da su da manufa da jirgin sama ba tare da tsallaka da iyakoki na tsaro, karfe X-101. A layi daya tare da su ci gaba da kusan gaba daya m kayayyaki, m na dauke da makaman nukiliya warheads. Duka CD a halin yanzu classified, to san su yi halaye aza kawai iyaka yawan mutane. Mun dai san cewa wani sabon model for sabis samu, shi ya bambanta da karin fama radius (fiye da dubu biyar kilomita) da kuma wani mai ban mamaki kashi daidaito (har zuwa mita 10). Warhead X-101 yana mai high-m fragmentation shaƙewa, kuma shi ne mafi muhimmanci shi ne wannan da ita. spetszaryada m bazai haka m: fashewa ikon dubun kilotons 'yan mita zuwa dama ko hagu ba wasa a babban rawa. Domin X-102 (a nukiliya m) ne mafi muhimmanci fiye nesa.

"Winged" dabarun

Duk abubuwa, ciki har da iri da makamai da za a iya gani kawai a bangare na kwatanta. Akwai daban-daban tsaro koyaswar, kuma a lokacin da wasu kasashe suna neman su cikakkar duniya mamayar, yayin da wasu kawai so su kare kansu daga yiwu m proclivities. Idan ka kwatanta cruise makamai masu linzami, Rasha da kuma Amurka, shi za a iya ƙarasa da cewa fasaha sigogi na American makamai kada ku ƙetare damar kishiyoyinsu. Bangarorin biyu suna yin fare a kan wani karuwa a fama radius, wanda a hankali daukan cikin CD daga category na dabara, ba su kuma da "na dabarun." A ra'ayin su iya warware geopolitical sabani da ake ji kwatsam kuma destructional yajin, ba da ziyararsa ta farko da shugaban na Pentagon generals - isa ya tuna da tsare-tsaren kai hare-haren na Soviet manyan masana'antu da tsaro cibiyoyin, ci gaba a cikin marigayi forties da kuma farkon hamsin hamsin, nan da nan bayan bayyanar Yã isa zama yawan Amurka nukiliya warheads.

AGM-158B Extended range, USA

Ana zargin sabon iri da makamai a Amurka ne da wani taron na kasa da muhimmancin. Masu biyan haraji, suna murna su san cewa kudi biya ta su ga kasafin kudin, jihar ya zama wani gwaji na Amurka duniya dominance. Rating na jam'iyyar ƙaruwa, masu kada kuri'a suna farin ciki. Don haka shi ne a shekarar 2014, lokacin da Amurka dabarun tsaro sun samu sabon kr AGM-158B Airborne, halitta a karkashin tsaron shirin hadin gwiwa Air Don surface abun cece kuce harsashi Fadada Range, rage tsawon JASSM-ER, wanda ke nufin cewa wannan samfurin ne aka yi nufi ga dũka duniya ta surface kuma yana da wani Extended kewayon aikace-aikace. Yadu yayata sabon makami, kuna hukunta daga buga bayanai, a wata hanya ba, mafĩfĩta X-102. Range AGM-158B jirgin yana dauke m, a wani m kewayon - daga 350 zuwa 980 km, wanda ke nufin ta dogara a kan nauyin da warhead. Mafi m, da real radius na nukiliya cajin ta guda a matsayin cewa na X-102, cewa shi ne 3500 km. Rasha da kuma Amurka cruise da makamai masu linzami da kimanin guda gudun, nauyi da kuma girma. Magana game da American fasaha magabaci ba lallai ba ne kuma saboda mafi daidaito, shi ne gaskiya, kamar yadda muka gani a baya, wannan da yawa muhimmancin nukiliya yajin, ta na da ba.

Sauran kr a Rasha da kuma Amurka

X-101 da kuma X-102 - ba kawai cruise makamai masu linzami a cikin Rasha arsenal. Bayan su jijjiga da kuma sauran samfurori shaida sanye take Pulsejet kamar 16 da X 10 HN (har suka samu), anti-KS-1, Dac 2, Dac 5, ayukan iska mai ƙarfi da high-m iya shiga warhead ko oskolochno- ko nukiliya m ayyukan. Za ka iya tuna da more zamani kr X-20, X-22 da kuma X-55, wanda ya zama samfur na X-101. Kuma a sa'an nan akwai "tururuwan," "Sauro", "Amethyst", "malachite", "Basalt", "dutse", "onis", "Yakhont" da kuma sauran wakilan da "dutse" jerin. Wadannan cruise makamai masu linzami da kasar Rasha domin shekaru masu yawa ne a sabis da Air Force, kuma Navy, da jama'a sani game da su da yawa, amma ba dukan.

Amirkawa ma da 'yan cruise da makamai masu linzami a farkon ƙarni fiye da AGM-158B. Wannan dabara "Matador» MGM-1, "Shark» SSM-A-3 "Greyhound» AGM-28, da aka ambata "hargi", "Quick Hawk" duniya sansanonin. Kada daina a Amurka da kuma daga wata amintacce "Tomahawk", amma suna aiki a kan mai alamar X-51, da ikon tashi a hypersonic gudu.

A wasu ƙasashe

Ko da a cikin ƙasashe masu nisa, inda game da soja manazarta iya magana fãce a cikin almarar, wani misali ne bangare na Rasha ko da American soja barazana, injiniyoyi da masana kimiyyar suna aiki wajen samar da da kansa cruise makamai masu linzami. Ba wani da kyau kwarewa yãƙi a cikin Falkland Islands, Argentina ya prompted management ware kudi ga aikin injiniya "Taba AM-1." Pakistan "Hatf Baber-VII 'za a iya gudu daga ƙasa shigarwa, daga jirgi da submarines, shi yana da subsonic gudun (kamar 900 km / h) da kuma wani kewayon har zuwa 700 km. Ta ko da azurta, a Bugu da kari da na al'ada, makaman nukiliya warhead. A China, iri uku samar kr (YJ-62, YJ-82, YJ-83). Taiwan ya gana "Syunfenom 2E". Aiki ne a ci gaba, wani lokacin sosai nasara a kasashen Turai (Jamus, Sweden, Faransa), kazalika da a Birtaniya, da nufin abin da ba su wuce cruise makamai masu linzami, Rasha ko Amurka, kuma su sami wani tasiri makami ga nasu sojojin. Samar da wani hadadden kuma high-tech kayan aiki ne tsada sosai, kuma da m nasarori a cikin wannan filin suna samuwa ne kawai superpower.