Vladimir Myasischev: supersonic jirgin sama nauyi

Kwanan nan, kafofin watsa labarai da aka buga laconic sakon da ya faru da rahoton, Vladimir Denisov, wani ma'aikaci na Rasha da bincike da samar da sarari cibiyar. Yana bayyana ra'ayin gina wani kumbon sama jannati kusa-guda biyu zane, iya yin tafiye-tafiye zuwa wata, ko Mars, Venus tashi a kusa da.

A kumbon sama jannati, a kan wani al'amari, zai gudanar da wani yunkuri na taurari a fagen nauyi ta hanyar hada propulsion na nukiliya da kafuwa. Orbital jirgin da aka shirya ya kasance saboda da "lantarki propulsion", ya ƙara rura wutar nukiliya ikon tashar, located a kan jirgin.

Malamin ya ambata da cewa dalilin da irin wannan aikin, an riga an ci gaba da Rasha masana kimiyya, musamman Myasishchev Vladimir Mikhailovich. A daidai wannan lokaci da yake magana tactfully shiru game da soja daraja da mutum ya kira.
Ya kasance mai Manjo Janar m.

The gaggawa na batun tashe a cikin rahoton

Vladimir Denisov, fitai da wani yiwu bincike topic ne a fili alluded zuwa kawo wa mataki na aiki zane jirgin Myasishcheva MG-19, ci gaba a cikin 70s na karshe karni.

Shi ne mai rahama model. A cikin hali na halitta, wanda aka shirya da ƙarshen 80s, da Tarayyar Soviet, dã mun kasance yawa a cikin sarari gaba da United States, muhimmanci, "doke" Amirka shirin "Space Jigila". The "M-19" An ba su kammala, duk da haka, domin biyu a zamaninsu, Soviet sarari injiniyoyi, ya zama wani labari.

Tare da ba rana matsayi a kan daftarin Myasishcheva shirin ya kasance a cikin shekaru 80 rufe a kan tilas. Ya kamata a gane: jirgin na Soviet jirgin sama zanen Vladimir Myasishcheva MG-19 ya ba da kawai aka azabtar. Wucin gadi ma'aikacin-manajoji sa'an nan rushe dukan soja kimiyya da cewa na bukatar kudade da kuma bada sakamakon kawai ta hanyar da shekaru, yayin da ya ɓuya demagogy.

A cewar yanzu kimomi, dubun Myasishcheva jirgin sama tare da wuce haddi da zai tabbatar da yawa daga Earth - Space na tsawon har ƙarshen XXI karni. Da taimakon wadannan jirgin sama ne da yawa mai rahusa da kuma girma zai iya halitta a tsarin na tauraron dan adam da kuma sarari tashoshin. Fama damar sarari tsarin inganta da yawa.

Universal zane - jirgin Myasishcheva MG-19 - a lokaci guda har zuwa hudu kimiyya manufofin, samar da:

• atomic supersonic jirgin sama.
• hypersonic jirgin sama cryogenic man fetur.
• aerospaceplane.
• sararin, kore wani nukiliya reactor.

A lokaci guda maimakon na MG-19 Soviet aikin "Buran-2" biyã ne kawai daya daga wadannan ayyuka: zayyana Aerospace jirgin sama. Kawai sa, ya kasance ne kawai isasshen mayar da martani ga Amurka da shirin "Space Jigila", kome ba.

Vladimir, kafin shan sama da sarari shirin, ta ɗaukaka sunansa a filin jirgin sama na fasaha, samar da wani supersonic nauyi m. Tarihinsa da kuma fasaha bincike sadaukar da wannan labarin.

Myasischev Vladimir Mikhailovich. Early aiki

Wannan rayuwar mutum ya kasance m. Myasischev dadin girma tsakanin abokan aiki. Ya mutunta Korolev, biyu shahararren injiniyoyi na jirgin sama a kusa da aboki. Ya ra'ayin da aka sãme lokaci da kuma ci gaban da yaushe aka sverhaktualnymi. Isar da shi a ambaci cewa jirgin sama Myasishcheva kafa 19 duniya records.

Birthplace na OKB-23 janar zanen a 1902, ɗan wani arziki m a lardin Tula. Interest a jirgin sama ya taso tun yana yaro, a lokacin da ya koma garinsu Efremov komai a fili ta Red matukan jirgi. Yaron shãfe hannun su da jirgin sama da kuma "rashin lafiya" su ga rayuwa.

Myasischev sauke karatu daga Moscow Higher fasaha School. Bauman a shekaru 25 da kuma a lokaci guda kuma aure - Spendiarova zuwa Elena, 'yar wani Armenian mawaki.

Bayan kammala karatu, ya yi aiki shekara goma sha biyu a cikin kirar Tupolev. Ya yi karatu da tausasãwa na zane a kansa Petlyakova VM Vladimir Myasischev. Aircraft "Maxim Gorky" Ant-20, tarin fuka-3 ne 'ya'ya na aikin injiniya da kuma fasaha ma'aikatan, wanda tsiwirwirinsu fuskanci gwarzo wannan labarin.

Vladimir tsaya fita daga takwarorina na asali jiki da kuma ilmin lissafi ilimi. A 1934, ya jagoranci halittar torpedo m Ant-41, zama a matsayin shugaban TsAGI tawagar.

Tun 1937 Myasischev kamar yadda ya magance cikin taro samar da Li-2 matsayin shugaba zanen da shuka lambar 84 (Khimki). Wannan ya san shi productionist yin aiki.

Ajiye kama

Ba shi da sauki ga sojoji suna sau lokacin da repressed ta dukan saman. Don da bashi da mutum ma'aikata na NKVD, da "tarar da kwakwalwarmu da Armed Forces" da aka ƙoƙarin kare. Zai yiwu shi ya sa a shekara ta 1938, mukaddashin a kan wani dannawa Kostolomov Beriya jagorancin Aeronautical injiniya da aka kama da kuma tilasta ka shiga wani ikirari na ɓarna da gangan, kokarin, kuma ya aiko da yi wa magana a cikin wani kurkuku zane hukumar lambar nan 23.

Da zarar akwai, Myasischev mamaki ganin a saba fuska: da fursuna, kafin ya shawarta Petlyakova, kirar Tupolev, Sarauniya da kuma fiye da dozin jirgin sama kwararru. Su ba kawai aiki tare, amma kuma rayu a cikin wannan dakin.

Duk da haka, da NKVD ya taba sadaka. A m Vladimir Mikhailovich ciki har da wani 10-shekara kurkuku jumla da kuma kwace dukiya. A cikin bashi gefen - adana rai, aiki, da basira, kyale a nan gaba da za a gyara.

A constructor ya mai kyau iyali mutum. Tsira da gwajin taimake shi fatan sake komawa cikin iyali. Kamar yadda ya tuno, kawai ta hanyar haruffa matar da shi ba a karya.

Aviation masana'antu. koyarwa aiki

Aircraft ya gane cewa shi ne ake bukata don kerawa da kuma asali. The aikin ne m dogon zangon-m, a 1939 ɓullo da Myasischev. Aircraft na Soviet samar, da magabata da wani ƙarni, a bayansa. Vladimir gabatar da wani dukan kewayon sababbin abubuwa: m-sarrafawa na'ura-gun kayan aiki, bakin ciki da reshe kuma gina tankuna, shasi da daya drive dabaran. A 1940, da jirgin sama da aka saki farkon.

Tun 1943, Vladimir Mikhailovich bayan mutuwar wanda ya gada ya jagoranci Kazan KB Petlyakova. A karkashin ya jagoranci, samar m Pe-2I, mafificin Jamus takwarorinsu a halaye.

A shekarar 1945 ya aiki don ƙirƙirar chetyrehdvigatelnogo m gane unpromising ci gaba da kuma rufe. Daga shekarar 1946 zuwa 1951. Myasischev aiki shugaban tsangayar domin gina jirgin sama TsAGI. Ya purposefully zurfafa ilmi. Ya, Manjo Janar Engineer, aka bayar da ilimi lakabi na farfesa.

Daga dabarun kai harin zuwa kumbon sama jannati

Myasischev aka fundamentally saba da cewa a shekarar 1946 ya "harba daga cikin aikace-aikace na jirgin sama" saboda rashin bege na ci gaba. Kamar yadda wani farfesa, ya ya iya tabbatar da biyayya da ta muhimman hakkokin bincike cewa ya fita a 1950 a wani sirri da wasika zuwa Stalin. Ya yi imani. A shekarar 1951, Manjo-Janar nada manyan zanen domin ci gaban dabarun m M-4.

The aikin juya ta zama fiye da nasara. Vladimir Mikhailovich halitta Soviet m, wanda ya zama rodonachalnikdm dukan iyalin daga wadannan inji (M-50, M-52, M-53, M-54).

A shekarar 1956, kafin constructor karo na farko da fuskantar da aiki na samar da wani nukiliya engine. Janar Engineer kyautata baya model na intercontinental m M-50. Tare da kyau fama damar da na'ura, duk da haka, ya kõma da zargi Fuel amfani: 500 ton a kowace jirgin a daya shugabanci da Amurka nahiyar. Don girmama gwarzo wannan labarin, da engine manufacturer ba ya size.

Wannan hasara ga fara da jirgin sama a serial samarwa ya m. Zanen yanke shawarar kashe shi a cikin gaba model.

A jirgin sama M-60 Myasishcheva - dabarun m, kore nukiliya reactor - ya kamata ya zama mafi m intercontinental makamai. Duk da haka, aikin da aka tsaya. Yana ba ko da gaskiyar cewa matsalar na radiation kimiyya cewa matakin ba zai iya ba da damar. Kamar babban sakataren Khrushchev yanke shawarar cewa da yawa alamar intercontinental ballistic jifa ga kai hare-hare.

Daga baya jirgin sama ya yanke shawarar ci gaba da jirgin sama na sarari. Tun shekara ta 1956, ya OKB lambar nan 23, na farko a cikin Tarayyar Soviet yi aiki a kan halittar roka jirgin sama, saukowa a kan wani jirgin sama. Babba bincike kwarewa da Myasischev. sarari ya aka shirya jirgin sama da aka ɓullo da tare da wani "sifili", sabõda lalle, waɗanda kawai a cikin mafi janar sharuddan, aka bayyana ta theorists. A layi daya da kasa da masana kimiyya, Amirkawa sun ɓullo da wani irin shirin "Space Jigila". Soviet version na sarari jigila kira "Buran-1."

Vladimir manzilõli, habarta aiki a kan jirgin, analogues na wadda ta ba da. Don fara da, ya CB ya ɓullo da hudu zai yiwu bambance-bambancen karatu na ta zane:

• winged da kananan kusassari da hari ga shigarwa da kuma braking bude yatsun hypersonic.
• winged tare da manyan ƙofar kusassari da hari da kuma saukowa shiryawa.
• wingless tare da gangaren na'ura mai juyi.
• conical saukowa laima.

By ci gaban amince shiri na triangular irin tare da wani lebur kasa. Mataki-by-mataki ci gaban ayyukan da za'ayi wuya, amma rabo tattalin wata buga ƙãra masanin kimiyya. Thread rufe. Wannan kayadadden baki a kimiyya ba ko da foresee Myasischev: Space jirage da aka tura mayar da Tarayyar Soviet makamai masu linzami. Babban sakataren Khrushchev, wahayi zuwa gare ta nasarar S. P. Koroleva, ya yanke shawarar: "Muna da biyu shirye-shirye ba ja!" Kalmar da majalisar ministocin kasar da aka daina amfani da aiki a kan halittar farko "Buran".

The latest aikin masanin kimiyya

Vladimir Mikhailovich ya mai tauri goro ga crack: shi repressed, kuma ya zama daya daga cikin manyan masana kimiyya a filin na sarari a duniya. The jigogi na bincike kan tilas rufe sau biyu, amma bai daina. Daya kawai masanin kimiyya summed - shekaru. Myasischev san, farkon duniya aiki, da bai da ya gama. Ta haka ne ya sau daya ce ta farko da mataimakin: "Wannan aikin zai zama na swan song. A sakamakon shi, na ba ku sãmi ku. Duk da haka, zan iya fara shi a kan hanya. "

Shestidesyatichetyrehletny zanen kamar faduwa, shekara arba'in, farincikin dauki sama da ci gaban da duniya taken "sanyi-2", wanda ke haifar a cikin aikin "Suborbital jirgin Myasishcheva MG-19." Na halitta gaba daya sabon jirgin sama.

A zama dole na asali bincike, zane, gwaji, kuma a karshe kammala aikin da aka dage farawa daga for game da shekara ashirin. Da farko an shirya wajen samar da fasahar cryogenic man fetur amfani, sa'an nan sauran zane aiki.

Vladimir halitta kuma united sana'a da kuma m tawagar warware kimiyya da aikin injiniya aiki. Shugaban zane hadaddun zama abõkin Myasishcheva AD Tohunts, shugaba zanen - iz Plyusnin, manyan masana a yankunan kaddamarda A. A. Bruk kuma N. D. Baryshov.

Myasishcheva suborbital jirgin. engine

Musamman propulsion tsarin ne hallmark na 19th model. Yana tabbatar da cewa wani abin sa tuntuɓe ga masana kimiyya da dama. Wasu daga cikin su suna dauke fundamentally unattainable fasaha fasali na aikin. Wasu tunani shi ba zai yiwu ba don ƙirƙirar wani nukiliya engine, ba barazanar radiation 'yan saman jannati kansu.

Duk da haka, tawagar-kore zanen, lissafi da ake bukata fasaha sigogi na engine, don haka da cewa jirgin saman Vladimir Myasishcheva MG-19 ba ze wani kirkirarren labari. Hada propulsion tsarin cewa yana amfani da makamashi na nukiliya dauki, ya ba shi damar ba kawai wajen samar da kusa-Duniya sarari, amma kuma a kusa da Moon. Nukiliya makaman sanya shi yiwuwa a yi amfani da m iri sarari makamai: Beam, katako, yanayin.

A aikin da ya ma an izini ƙungiya daukan hotuna matsala. Rediyoaktif kewaye da aka ware ta amfani da musamman zafi Exchanger. A wannan batun, Vladimir gudanar da wani na yau da kullum tare da shawara da shugaban kasar na Soviet Academy of Sciences Aleksandrovym A. P. Ya yaba da jirgin saman halitta da Vladimir Myasishcheva MG-19, yin wani karfi sanarwa cewa serial engine a hade tare da makaman nukiliya da makaman za a kafa a shekaru goma.

More bayanai a kan engine

Ka yi la'akari da makirci na nukiliya engine Myasishcheva. Hydrogen man fetur na aiki domin shi, wacce ake kawota ga engine. Don amfani da wannan ruwa tsarin yin amfani da makaman nukiliya reactor oxidant ba a bukata. Fuel ne combusted a sarrafawa sarkar dauki heats da hydrogen wanda aka canza kama zuwa jini da aka fitad da ta bututun ƙarfe karkashin babba matsa lamba da kuma karfi "Space Jigila" tafi.

The aikin fadi wanda aka azabtar sãka wamãkirci

Mai aiki da na'urar kwamfuta karatu sun tabbatar da m fasaha damar wani Aerospace jirgin sama. Duk da haka, da aikin na bukatar karin shekaru biyar binciken, ba zato ba tsammani takobin Damocles rataye kusa. Ministan tsaron kasar Ustinov goyon bayan aikin da za'ayi da sauri Academician Glushko VP "Energia-Buran". Kan bango na matsayi na hudu-rated mutum a matsayin da Tarayyar Soviet Aircraft Industry Ministan Dementeva P. V. goyon bayan nukiliya jirgin sama Myasishcheva, ba hukunci. Peter V., tun nazarin takardun, fahimta cewa MG-19 a taron na da aka kafa zai alama wani ingantaccen rabuwa da Soviet sarari shirin, da kuma aikin "Buran" - a tsakaitã martani ga Pentagon.

Ministan cikin jirgin sama masana'antu don wani lokaci kokarin jinkirta da kisa da shirin Academician Glushko. Duk da haka, da suka halarci a cikin halittar sarari jirage ƙarƙashin Enterprises da aka canjawa wuri ta domin na Minaviaproma a Janar Engineering ma'aikatar.

Saboda haka ikon sãka wamãkirci dakatar da aikin, da samar da wani sub-orbital jirgin jirgin sama Vladimir Myasishcheva MG-19. Vladimir zama ƙarƙashin sarki zanen Lozino-Lozinski VG Aiki a kan Aerospace jirgin sama da aka hankali phased fita, da kuma bayan mutuwar Myasishcheva a shekarar 1978, ta ci gaba da aka rufe.

Yadda za a fahimci maganar da Khrunichev cibiyar?

Masu karatu suka riga da janar ra'ayin abin da ya ƙunshi wani jirgin saman Myasishcheva VM MG-19, za su iya yanzu a fili tunanin abin da aka nufi a cikin 'yan sanarwa na wakilin Rasha sarari hukumar.

Ya ƙunshi wani adadin da kaidinsu. Nisa daga kasancewa a pacifist ya Manjo Janar Myasischev. Ayyana a hrunichevskom rahoton nazari mai zurfi sarari a zahiri ga Rasha a yau ba wani fifiko lambar 1. dole yanayi dole ne faruwa farko.

A nan ne batu sanya a cikin shekara da ta gabata, shugaban sashen na Cibiyar Space Research RAS Igor Mitrofanov. Ya ce bincike sarari flights za ta zama gaskiya a cikin shekaru 25 da, a lokacin da matsalar na kariya da jirgin za a warware da kuma matukan jirgin daga cosmic radiation.

Ma mai girma a jaraba amfani da Unlimited soja sarari damar. Suborbital jirgin sama Soviet jirgin sama Vladimir Myasishcheva muhimmanci rage kudin da isar da shigarwa na gyara na sarari tsarin. Wadanda za su iya zama wani makami da ke shafar lantarki maƙiyi electromagnetic bugun jini, intercepts wani roka iko Laser, m-sarrafawa makami mai linzami launchers Lunar sansanonin. Yau zanen kaya ne masu tasowa da kuma wajen m makamai:

• sauyin yanayi.
• garkuwa da asteroids da retarget su a kan ƙasa hari.

Saboda haka, idan ya yiwu don ƙirƙirar wani jirgin saman Myasishcheva M-19 a yau, to, shi yana nufin kawai da abu daya - wani sabon zagaye na gasar mallakar makamai a riga bincika kusa sarari. Bayan duk, m bincike na zurfin hadaddun kimanta da masana kimiyya ne kawai a biyu da suka gabata.

Ba zai zama da butulci yi imani da cewa Khrunichev Center zai karɓi kasafi ga wannan aiki ne ba daga soja.

ƙarshe

Da zarar Ministan sufurin jiragen sama Industry da Tarayyar Soviet Dementyev da imprudence zuwa ce a taron da jirgin sama wanda Myasishcheva ayyukan za a aiwatar idan kaburbura na duk waɗanda ba, da zũriyarsu da za a manta.

Da alama cewa shi ba kuskure. Yau sake yakan mallaki munasaba a XXI karni, da ci gaba da seventies, a suborbital jirgin Vladimir Myasishcheva MG-19.

A cewar ta kimiyya-tushen jirgin sama damar, wanda Manjo Janar wuce da ayyuka na sarari jigila a kan da yawa na asali Manuniya:

• wani azimuth.
• m koma farkon site da kuma yiwuwar kai-muhallinsa.
• aruwar tattalin yadda ya dace.
• da yin amfani da wani fadi kewayon madawwama biyu iri.
• zai yiwu sarari jirgin alternately zama iska a wata tsawo na 50-60 thous. km, sa'an nan kuma baya cikin sarari.

Duk da haka, a lokacin da duk "ribobi" na MiG-19 Myasishcheva samun muhimmanci a nazari na hadaddun ba da nisa a yanzu. Kafin ka bar shi jarumi mutane bukatar kimiyya da kuma a zahiri warware matsalar radiation aminci.