Dionisiy (fenta). Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar gumaka. Creativity, Biography

A da yawa zane-zane na Moscow Cathedral na ɗauka jawo hankalin da hankali tare da su asali fresco "Bakwai barci Matasa Afisa", "girmama da Magi", "Arba'in Shahidai na Sebaste", "Ku yabi Allah", kazalika da Figures tsarkaka a kan bango na babban coci predaltarnoy. Duk waɗannan ayyuka ne ma halayyar da za a generated da wani mai zane-zane, kawai suyi haka Byzantine Canon painters. Akwai fili bayyane goga maye. Eh, da frescoes aka halitta a wani lokaci a lokacin da Turai rayu kuma ya yi aiki Raphael, Durer, Botticelli da Leonardo, kamar yadda coci art a Rasha ya ba ku sani ba daga cikin Renaissance. Amma Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar gidan mai zane-zane - mahaliccin da ban mamaki zane-zane na ɗauka Cathedral a birnin Moscow - bayan duk tsere daga "Procrustean gado" na Canon. Ya adadi ne ba matattu a tsaye, su ne m, tare da wani elongated silhouette, sun karu har zuwa. Saboda haka, mutane da yawa waje masu sukar da kuma kira wannan icon-zane "Rasha mannerist".

A artist da kuma zamanin

Don cikakken gane aikin Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar, shi wajibi ne su yi nazarin kadan da zamanin da ya rayu. Universal tsammãni kuma lokaci guda razana da Orthodox duniya na cewa lokaci ya jira domin Apocalypse. Karshen duniya ya zo, a kan tabbacin malamai, a 1492. A cikin rayuwar siyasa na Rasha kuma ya dauki wani babban canji. A 1480 ya aka ci a kan Ugra, wanda alama fall na Mongol karkiya. Prince of Moscow kãma ƙasar Pskov, Novgorod da Tver. Ivan III yanke shawarar kirkiro Karkasa jihar. Kotun clerks fara kacokan sassalar sarauta iyali ta hanyar da Byzantine Basileus Palaeologus da Roman sarki Augustus. Saboda haka suna fadin size da kuma ado na Moscow majami'u ba gamsu da Ivan III. Ya fara wani babban-sikelin yi wa juya Moscow a cikin wani "Uku Roma". A wannan halin da ake ciki, gine-ginen da painters suna sosai a bukatar.

Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar-zane: biography

Ba kamar manyan magabata, Feofana Greka da Andrei Rublev, da mayen karatu da kyau. Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar rayuwa ne fiye ko žasa da aka sani ga masu bincike. Hakika, ranar haifuwa da kuma mutuwa na master wajen m. An yi imani da cewa da aka haife shi a kusa da 1440, kuma sun mutu ba a baya fiye da 1502 da kuma wani daga baya fiye da 1525 da shekaru. An haife shi a cikin iyali na da wani layman, amma arziki isa ya aika da shi zuwa horar izografnomu craft. A farko da aka sani Sahaban mayen - zanen a cikin Church of Nativity na Virgin Pafnutyevo-Borovsky sufi. Duk da haka, matasa artist yi aiki a can a shekara 1467-1477 a karkashin kulawa da malaminsa, na master Mitrofan, wanda ba more aka sani. Kila, a lokacin da zane-zane da nuna 'yancin kai dalibi iyawa, don haka a 1481 ya aka kira su zuwa Moscow aiki a ɗauka cewa Cathedral. Bayan aiwatar da wannan tsari, da artist samu cikin aikin hukuma suna da "preizyaschny master." Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar ya kuma yi aiki a wani yawan arewacin gidajen lama. Ya haifi 'ya'ya uku - Andrew, Vladimir kuma Theodosius, da karshen biyu kuwa shiga wurin mahaifinsa zambiyõyin, kuma ya kasance painters.

Early aiki

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar a matsayin wani ɓangare na m cartels Mitrofan dauki bangare a cikin kayan ado na Cathedral of Nativity na Our Lady a Pafnutyevo-Borovsky sufi kusa Kaluga. Masu gani a wadannan ayyuka, da ci gaba da kuma ci gaban da al'adunmu Andreya Rubleva. Wadanda tashin gwauron zabi adadi, da tsarki, jitu abun da ke ciki, na gaisuwa disposition da haske m launuka. Moscow Prince Ivan, ganin frescoes "da Ruhbãnãwa haƙĩƙa sunã Dionysios da Mitrofan," gayyaci matasa mai zane-zane a cikin Moscow, aiki a kan murals na ɗauka Cathedral. Saboda haka, tafi iyawa aka lura da lada mafi girma hukumomi.

Moscow lokaci

Bayan da annexation na waje yankuna Prince Ivan III fara gina Cathedrals, ba su da Kremlin babban birnin kasar size. Amma da Church na ɗauka ba a saita: shi aka gina a Pskov gine-ginen Krivtsov da Myshkin, amma, kamar yadda muke da yawa da al'ada, high quality-gine da kayayyakin wawushe, haddasa kusan gama shiri rushe. Sarkin yanke shawarar kira waje gine-ginen, da kuma rubuta daga Italiya shahara Bolognese m Fioravanti Aristotle. Ya fara aiki a 1475. Cartels ma Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar, wanda hada da, a cikin Bugu da kari ga master, wasu "doki, pop Timoti Yarets a", gano a gaba na 100 rubles. Lokacin da frescoes aka fentin da sarki ya zo da boyars dauki aikin, yadda za a rubuta nufin poetic tarihin na kwatanta, suna "ganin mnogochudnye murals, zaton kansu, kamar a tsaye a cikin sama ...".

A iconostasis na Dormition sufi a cikin Kremlin

Hadin m cartels jagorancin Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar tare da Moscow, hukuma ba ta dakatar a can. A 1481, bisa gayyatar da Lardi Bassion artists fara aiki a kan iconostasis a cikin wannan babban coci. Kazalika da frescoes na Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar, yana aiki a wani katako jirgi tare da mai astonish da viewer wani launi jituwa. Amma idan zanen a kan rigar plaster launi palette dubi abin mamaki m, translucent, reminiscent na watercolor, gumaka na da artist mura zuwa wani m dabara na "launi kayan haɓɓaka aiki" yake da kansa "gwaninta". Ya sanya wani shafa na daya sautin kan wani, me ya sa da image zama girma, da kumbura. The ƙofar bagade-zane Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar ya cika mafi muhimmanci - Deesis. Biyu ayyukansu - rayuwar da metropolitans Bitrus da Alexis - ne Firayim misalai na aikinsa. A 1482, da artist kuma "mayar da" a lokacin da wuta tushen Codec xvid Byzantine icon na ga Uwar Allah "Hodegetria" ga Hawan Yesu zuwa sama sufi a Moscow.

The tsira ayyukan Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar a cikin babban birnin kasar

Idan mayen gumaka ne, yafi canjawa wuri daga ɗauka cewa Cathedral a gidan kayan gargajiya nune-nunen, da frescoes iya har yanzu za a gani a kan ganuwar da Kremlin majami'u. Kiyaye su domin fiye da ashirin murals master. Daga cikin "girmama da Magi" ake magana a kai a sama, "Ku yabi Allah" da sauran aikin ya kamata kula da mural "Alexius na Roma." Masu bincike yi imani da cewa wannan hoton ne a kai-hoto na artist. Ba za mu iya watsi da gumaka na Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar, depicting Last iyãma. Rubuta a cikin wani yanayi na eschatological tsammanin a 1492, wannan zanen mai cike da ciki tashin hankali. Amma da Multi-mai lebur abun da ke ciki, duk da ganewar da kuma cunkoso inscriptions, ya dubi sauƙi, kuma gracefully. The tsoro bada hanya zuwa murna: translucent images na mala'iku, aljannu tattakewa da baki guda.

Aiki a arewacin gidajen lama

Bayan nasarar a Moscow Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar-zane ya aka lakabi da "preizyaschnogo master." Kuma Paterikon Volokolamsk sufi ya ambaci karkashin lakabi da "Mai hikima". Eh, da kuma sauran rubuta kafofin suna cike da laudatory nassoshi da basira da kuma m. A fili, shi ya ya sarrafa da rubutun shahararren jama'a adadi na lokaci, da marubuci Iosif Volotsky. Bayan 1486 master, watakila da wannan 'yan} ungiyarsu a gona, fentin da coci na ɗauka na Our Lady of St. Joseph na Volokolamsk sufi kusa Moscow. Amma mafi vividly bayyana kerawa Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar bayan 1500, lokacin da ya aiki a Arewa da kuma Volga gidajen lama. A karshen rayuwar mai gida ya yi aiki tare da 'ya'yansa biyu da kuma, yiwu, tare da sauran almajiransa. Abin baƙin ciki, mutane da yawa daga cikin ayyukan Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar, muna gaya wa kawai tarihin. Ya fentin St. Paul Obnorsk da mai ceto Priluki, Cyril-Belozersky sufi. Haka kuma an sani cewa master fentin da iconostasis kamenny sufi kusa Vologda.

Ferapontov sufi

Wannan m sufi, dake a cikin Vologda Region (District of Kirillov), shi ya kamata a ambata musamman. A nan, a cikin Cathedral of Nativity na Virgin, Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar-zane yi aiki tare da 'ya'yansa maza a 1502. Wizard Halicci musamman kyakkyawa da ma'adanin gungu na gumaka da frescoes. Wannan shi ne gaskiya waƙar yabon Allah da Uwar Allah a launuka - mai kauri, amma a lokaci guda na gaisuwa da kuma haske. Mamaye fari, zinariya da kuma kore launuka, m undertones. A general, images samar da wani festive yanayi, kawo bege ga gafara daga Allah da kuma zuwa mulkin sama. Mene ne haka na ƙwarai zanen Ferapontov sufi? A sufi baya taba isasshen kudi don sake rubutawa da frescoes a cikin ni'imar da sabon fashion. Saboda haka, kawai a nan muna iya ganin maye a gaske, mai sãkẽwa ba.

The darajar for Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar Rasha iconography

UNESCO sadaukar 2002-Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar iconographer. Tamanin da aikin wannan master ba za a iya overestimated. Ya ɓullo da ra'ayin da ya Mabayyani gada, Andrei Rublev kuma a lokaci guda gabatar da wani yawan musamman siffofin kawai don shi. Alal misali, ta ƙara launi da kuma m amfani da fari bayan Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar fara yin amfani da da kuma sauran iyayengiji. Abin lura shi ne ma Hoton da ya iri na siffofi da gangan elongated wata gabar jiki da cewa art ya kawo shi daraja mannerist. Frescoes da gumaka Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar mamaki wasu juna, a translucent launi, plasticity kuma kamalar qagaggun.