Duniya Snow Sarauniya - wancan ne abin da tundra

Mene ne wani tundra? Fassara daga Finnish tunturi nufin "ƙasã ƙeƙasasshiya", "ƙasar abokin gāba," ko "treeless bayyana" A takaice, wuri a cikinsa. Ideas game da shi, kuma mafi yawan mutãne an rage wa da bayanai samu daga manhaja - mosses, reindeer, permafrost, lichens - kuma shi ke a can wani wuri, yanzu ga arewa. Bayani daga rare TV shirye-shirye, ya ce barazanar da (musamman gine-gine) cewa suna da nasaba da xumamar duniya.

M ake yin dusar ƙanƙara hamada

Tundra za a iya bayyana a matsayin mai sanyi hamada, aka located a kusa da Arewa iyakacin duniya. Wasu kiran ta kudancin iyaka da Arctic, wani - a ƙasa located kawai a waje da taiga. Kowace daga cikin wadannan kalamai daidai bayyana abin da tundra.

A Rasha shi ne a tsiri na 300 km zuwa 500 km stretches daga cikin Bering mashigar a gabashin Finland, yamma. Ciki har da wani Arctic da subarctic zones, tundra rufe game da 10% na ƙasar al'arshi na kasar mu. A dukan Coast na Arctic Ocean rufe wannan band, narrower a Turai na Rasha da kuma Siberia a general. kuma kama arewacin Kamchatka.

A mafi tsanani lokaci

Mene ne tundra a cikin hunturu? A wannan lokaci da yanayi zama ko mafi tsanani - yanayin zafi isa a Siberian bangare na -51 digiri. Suna dada tabarbare iskõki, wanda suke saboda da rashin duwãtsu, kuma fiye ko žasa mai kyau sararin tuddai. Alternating tuddanta, kuma filayen kwarinta a kan taswira alama tare da wani koren launi, wanda gaba daya rufe da ƙasa na tundra. Rana ba ya tashi a duk, da dogon iyakacin duniya dare yana 8-9 watanni. Wannan ne mafi wuya lokaci ga namun daji yankin.

Daga "black Blizzard" boye kome: mutane, dabbobi, da kuma rare tsuntsaye. Bayan da hadari bugãwa for makonni, da aka yi dusar ƙanƙara, pitted hamada, kama a bayyanar da yashi, a matsayin cover ne quite kananan da kuma shi ne a cikin wani motsi jihar, wanda a yarda daya bincike da tundra kira shi da "ƙasar snow dunes."

Lokaci da kuma sauro kiwo tsuntsaye

Zo da sanyi arewacin bazara tare da iyakar yanayin zafi ba wucewa 10 digiri, amma da rana ba boye a duk - zo da fari dare, wanda šauki 64 days. A saman Layer na snow thaws, forming m karami spills, babu zurfi fiye da 50-100 cm tabkuna da gida mutane ban da tsoro haye kan gadon kwana na jirgin ƙasa. Thaws kuma zo rayuwa kewaye.

Tundra ƙasa ne sosai musamman - a kan permafrost ne kananan gley kuma humus sãsanni. Bayani dalla-dalla ne saboda ruwa yana tsaye, da danshin na karamin, low yanayin zafi ba da damar shuka sharan rot da kuma decompose. A hazo ne kadan, har zuwa 250 mm a kowace shekara, amma thawed ruwa a farfajiya na kasar gona ba shi da lokaci zuwa ƙafe. Duk wannan na taimaka wa samuwar Marshes, waxanda suke da wani iyaka lamba a nan.

Kuma a nan ne alherin

Mene ne tundra a lokacin rani? A dukan yanayi na wannan yankin ne saboda da tsawon wannan lokaci - da shuke-shuke da lokacin zuwa ottsvesti ba tsaba. Wannan shi ne duniya na reindeer gansakuka, sedges da lichens, akwai Rosemary da Heather, Dwarf Birch kuma Willow shaggy. A itatuwa ne low, saboda tushen ba zai iya tserewa zuwa cikin ƙasa.

A cikin fall na babbar bluish filin blueberry plantations cike da koyaswa orange cloudberry, crowberry sosai, a wata kalma, Berry aljanna - wancan ne abin da tundra. Tabbatar da dalilin wannan yankin a matsayin wani sauro mulki, kuma gaskiya ne saboda iska yawa na wadannan kwari a cikin tundra ba m. Clouds daban-daban midges da arewacin ma'aikacin kotu kammala hoton. An iyaka yawan fungi. Wannan shi ne duk da abincin tsuntsaye. Tundra domin su - a nesting wuri.

Miliyoyin tsuntsaye ciyar da gajeren bazara a nan. Akwai da yawa cewa, bisa ga shaidu, da tabkuna ne snow-fari Swans a, da duhu na geese. Ga nesting peregrine shaho, ptarmigan da kuma dusar ƙanƙara bunting, gulls, terns da guillemots. Suna ciyar ba kawai ta sauro. Northern teku, da tabkuna da kuma Marshes na tundra cike da kifi (sturgeon, kifi) da kuma Shellfish. Daga cikin iyali hakori zauna da tundra lemmings.

Idan ka kama da bluish filayen da kuma orange berries, duhu da fari da tsuntsaye a kan lake, ya nuna abin da tundra, da photo zai zama sosai tasiri. Yana ba matalauci ba ne fauna na yankin. Reindeer da fari fox, da alamu na arewa, suna samu a nan a Unlimited yawa. Coast - da daula na iyakacin duniya take ɗauke da sauran manyan dabbobi kamar dabbar walrus.

Sauyin yanayi, da kuma tare da shi da yanayi, da canza daga arewa zuwa kudu, da kuma tundra ne zuwa kashi uku sub-zones: Arctic, lichen, gansakuka da kuma Kudu shrub. Ko da lakabi nuna yadda shuka duniya a matsayin nesa daga Arewa iyakacin duniya.

A halitta tsawo na tundra

Sa'an nan kuma ta fara ƙasa, sosai dan kadan bambanta daga abin da aka bayyana a sama. Mene ne tundra da gandun daji tundra? Ta yaya suka bambanta? Wasu masana ba sami da yawa daga wani bambanci da kuma na biyu da aka kira na farko subzone. Lalle ne, bambanci ne kananan. Yana nufin sub-Arctic tundra zone kara gaba daya maimaita iyakar kudancin tundra, ta nisa dabam daga 30 zuwa 300 km. Average shekara-shekara da zazzabi hereinabove kawai ta 8-10 digiri, itatuwa low rare tun fil azal. Amma a matsayin tundra zo kusa da coniferous gandun daji, da kuma kudancin yankin shi ne kuma fiye ko žasa da ta rufe su, shi ne sau da yawa ake magana a kai a matsayin sub-zone ba tundra, kuma taiga.