Duniya Tankuna - Tarihi

Duniya na farko tank, ƙirƙira a yakin duniya na soja larura, nan da nan ya kama da tunanin mutane. A unbridled ikon sabon inji a cikin nau'i na bidi'a, gudun, da kuma size, tare da asirin da abin da aka ɓullo da, shi ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa asiri na tsãri. Da farko, da tank rawar da ya yi amfani da shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na yaudara don boye su gaskiya nufi a matsayin makami.

Birtaniya na farko ɓullo da wani sabon mobile da sulke fada motocin a cikin shirin qaddamar da mutane kamar Swinton, Maurice Hankey, da kuma Winston Churchill, sa'an nan farko Ubangijin Admiralty ya kuma goyan bayan wannan shirin. Birtaniya Origin tank - shi ne na farko da duniya tank, Mark Na, aka lu'u-lu'u siffa, na farko daga cikin nauyi sa ido hawa yin la'akari 26 ton, tare da biyu 57 mm cannons kuma a 3.7 mil / hr. Satumba 15, 1916, a cikin yakin da Somme, bayan da mummunan asarar dakaru, arba'in da tara tankokin Mark Na aka aika zuwa goyi bayan dakaru kai hare-hare a kan a kan "wani mutum ta ƙasar." Masu a lokacin jãyayya da cewa tankuna bai isa ba, don yanke shawara sakamako ne na yaki. A cikin watan Satumba 1917, Faransa gabatar da Renault FT 17, wanda auna da yawa kasa - kawai 6 ton da aka dauke da makamai a m - daya 37-mm igwa. Bugu da ƙari kuma, Renault FT 17 da aka sauri - gudun 4.8 mil / hr. Renault FT 17 tank ya zama classic misali na da zane na duniya tankuna da juyawa turret. Amirkawa amfani da yafi Renault tankuna a Faransa.

A interwar lokaci, da iyakance rawar da aka ba wa tankuna generals na American dakaru, kazalika da kasafin kudin constraints, kuma Ya hõre mai tsanani hani a kan zane da kuma ci gaba a United States, Uolter Kristi, an American mota m, ya ɓullo da wani salon da sabuwar dakatar tsarin, wanda kunna da tankuna high gudun da ikon motsi a ƙafafun, ba tare da caterpillars. Its farko tank M1919, wanda aka bisani ya canza kama zuwa M1928 / 1930, ko tsakiyar tanki T-3, auna 9 ton, dauke da makamai 37 mm gun, kuma kai gudun 27 mil / hr. Amma da US Army bai iya mika kwangila Christi. Duniya tankuna, duk da haka, na ci gaba da bunkasa.

A bambanci, Tarayyar Soviet amfani da zane da kuma samar da fasaha da kuma Christie suka fara samar a 1939-1940 a T-34 tank, shi ya zama sosai a dogara da kuma daidaita duniya tank yin la'akari 29 ton, dauke da makamai a 76,2 mm gun kuma a saman gudun dostignal 34 mil / hr. Ya zama babban yaƙi tank na yakin duniya na biyu, da Red Army da aka kuma yi amfani da sojojin na Korea ta Arewa a cikin Korean War.

A kasar Biritaniya, soja theorists Fuller da kuma Liddell Hart ɓullo da wani shiri na kananan amma mobile sojojin da tankuna a matsayin babban mai daukan hankali da karfi. Bayan da yawa matsalolin gabatar duniya Burtaniya 'Yan Salibiyya tank (Kruseyder), tare da wani taro na 22 ton, da kuma wasu makamai a cikin 57 mm igwa, wanda ɓullo da wani gudun 26 mil / hr. Wannan tank aka yi amfani a farkon yakin duniya na II. Amma da akai lahani kuma bakin ciki fama da kwarewa kai ga maye gurbinsa a 1943 wani sabon tank Cromwell (Cromwell), wanda nauyi ya 31 ton, sabis a cikin wani nau'i na 75-mm igwa, amma matsakaicin gudun aka daidaita 31 mil / h.

Faransa gwaje-gwajen sun yi amfani da tankuna na duniya da kuma dukan kwarewa, da kuma har 1939 ɓullo da wani nauyi tank Char tank cewa ya yiwuwa mafi kyau da kuma technologically m tanki a duniya a farkon yakin duniya na biyu. Babbar domin ta lokaci, shi aka gashi, yin la'akari 34 ton, da 75 gun saka a kan gaba ƙwanso faranti da kuma 47-mm igwa a cikin hasumiya. Duk da haka, da nauyi tankuna na duniya a karkashin sunan Char da wani saman gudun 17 mil / h. Amfanin a cikin nau'i na firepower da kuma makamai na tanki, duk da haka, aka fitar da a 1940, Faransa doctrinal kungiya kasawa.