Elena Glinskaya: garambawul (ga tebur). A monetary garambawul Elena Glinsky kuma ta ainihi

Elena Glinsky sake fasalin da aka za'ayi a cikin wani yanayi inda matasa united Rasha jihar canza ta hanyarsa ta rayuwa, bar da m domin na tsawon fragmentation.

Ainihi na Elena Glinsky

A 1533, ya mutu Grand Prince Vasily III. Matarsa ta farko ta iya kai shi wani yaro. Saboda haka, jim kadan kafin mutuwar sa, ya sanya masa ɗansa na biyu aure, duk da cewa shi ya ba su jituwa da dokoki na coci. Matarsa ta biyu ya Elena Glinskaya. Kamar yadda a wani daular mulkinsu, a cikin Moscow sarauta in babu wani mataimaki sharply tada tambaya na maye na iko. Saboda wannan, da sirri rai da m ya zama m bangare na rayuwar al'umma da.

Elena haifi 'ya'ya biyu maza, Basil - Ivan da kuma Yuri. Babbansu ya aka haife shi a 1530. A lokacin rasuwar tsohonsa ya kasance ne kawai na shekaru uku. Saboda haka, a regency majalisa da aka tattara a cikin Moscow, wanda ya hada manya daga daban-daban m aristocratic iyalansu.

Board Elena Glinsky

A shugaban jihar tsaya Elena Vasilevna Glinskaya - mahaifiyar wani jariri yarima. Ta matasa da kuma cike da makamashi. Bisa ga doka da kuma al'ada, Elena ya mika mulki ga dansa, a lokacin da ya kai shekara rinjaye (17 years).

Duk da haka, da regent mutu ba zato ba tsammani a 1538 yana da shekaru 30 da shekaru. A Moscow aka yayatawa cewa ta guba da boyars Shuisky wanda ya so ya sa a kanta duk da ikon a cikin majalisa. Ko ta wani hanya, amma ainihin Sanadin mutuwa aka taba tãtacce. Power ga wani shekaru goma ya wuce zuwa boyars. Yana wani lokaci na tashin da kisan-kiyashi da cewa ya shafa da hali na nan gaba sarki.

Duk da haka, a cikin gajeren lokaci na Elena gudanar ya yi yawa a jihar ya gyãra, wanda aka yi nufi ga inganta rayuwar a kasar.

Fage monetary garambawul

A shekara ta 1535 ya fara wani mataki canji na monetary tsarin, da Mafarin wanda ya Elena Glinskaya. Gyare-gyaren da aka bukatar da dama da suka gabata. Lokacin Ivan III da Vasily III Muscovy su shiga gare shi da yawa sabon sarki yankuna (Jamhuriyar Novgorod, Pskov, Ryazan sarauta, da kuma sauransu. D.). A kowane yanki akwai mallaki kudin. Rubles daban-daban daidai da darajar, coinage, mai daraja karafa hannun jari, da sauransu. D. Duk da yake naúrar sarakuna sun m, kowannensu yana da da kansa Mint da kuma m kasafin kudi siyasa.

Yanzu duk na disparate Rasha ƙasashe sun kasance a Moscow ta iko. Amma da savanin na kudi ya jagoranci wani wahala daga ciki-harkokin ciniki ya yankin. Akai-akai, jam'iyyun da ma'amala kawai ba zai iya shirya tsakanin kansu saboda mismatch na tsabar kudi. Wannan hargitsi ba zai iya zama ba tare da sakamakon. Fadin kasar, muka kama counterfeiters wanda ambaliya kasuwar shoddy fakes. Akwai hanyoyin da dama na aiki. Daya daga cikin mafi rare tsabar kudi da aka yi musu kaciya. A shekaru 30, da yawan low quality-kudi ya zama barazana. Ba ya taimaka masu laifi azãba.

Jigon da canje-canje

A mataki na farko magance kudi halin da ake ciki zai kasance mai ban monetary regalia (da hakkin ya Mint), tsohon free mulkoki, a kan ƙasa na wanda ya ta da kansa mints. Jigon da monetary garambawul Elena Glinsky - mai daidaituwa da dukan monetary tsarin.

A wannan lokaci, shi kara yawan Turai yan kasuwa, wanda da farin ciki ya tafi kasuwanci a kasuwanni na Muscovy. Akwai mutane da yawa rare ga kasashen waje masu sayen kaya (furs, karafa, da kuma sauransu. D.). Amma ci gaban da cinikayya tare da wata hasara ga hargitsi da m tsabar kudi a cikin Moscow sarauta. A monetary garambawul Elena Glinsky ya magance wannan halin da ake ciki.

Ci gaba da manufofin da Basil III

Sha'awa, da canji na monetary siyasa matakan da ake tattauna kara a karkashin Vasily III. The prince ya jagoranci wani aiki kasashen waje da manufofin (yaki da Lithuania, da Crimea, da sauransu. D.). Halin kaka sojojin m rage saboda tabarbarewar a cikin ingancin tsabar kudi, a cikin abin da rage rabo daga daraja karafa. Amma Vasily III mutu prematurely. Saboda haka, monetary garambawul Elena Glinsky ya faru a m yanayi. A gimbiya ya samu nasarar sun jimre da aiki a cikin wani gajeren lokaci. Wannan za a iya bayyana ta da cewa ta kasance mai aiki da mataimakin a cikin harkokin Basil, sa'ad da yake da rai har yanzu. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa Elena Glinskaya na sane da dukkan lokuta da kuma matakan da suka dace. Rikici a cikin Boyar Duma da Regency Majalisar sami ikon hana matasa m.

garambawul

A watan Fabrairu shekara ta 1535 a birnin Moscow da aka sanar da umarni a kan canje-canje a cikin monetary wurare dabam dabam. Da fari dai, duk da haihuwa tsabar kudi da aka minted kafin rana ta daina aiki (duka biyu low-sa counterfeits da kuma dace quality tsabar kudi). Abu na biyu, muna gabatar da sabon kudi, da yin la'akari da wani na uku na wani gram. Domin saukaka kananan matsugunai kuma fara Mint tsabar kudi a cikin biyu sau m (0.17 grams). Suka kira dinari. Sa'an nan a hukumance wata kalma daga Turkish asalin "kudi" da aka gyarawa. Da farko an rarraba a tsakanin Tatars.

Duk da haka, akwai sassan jumlar cewa samar da monetary garambawul Elena Glinsky. A takaice magana, Veliky Novgorod gabatar da wasu ware. Wannan birni ya babban birnin na m sarauta. Yan kasuwa zo nan daga ko'ina Turai. Saboda haka Novgorod tsabar samun da kansa nauyi (biyu daga kashi uku ɗin grams) for sauki lissafin. A cikinsu akwai wani doki, dauke da makamai da mashi. Saboda wannan, wadannan tsabar kudi da aka kira dinari. Daga baya wannan kalma bazu ko'ina Rasha.

effects

Yana da wuya a overestimate amfanin wanda ya kawo Elena Glinsky garambawul taƙaice cewa yana da wuya sosai don bayyana. Su sun taimaka kasar don matsawa zuwa wani sabon mataki na ci gaba. The guda monetary tsarin sauƙaƙe da kuma hanzarta cinikayya. A m larduna fara bayyana rare dukiya. Rage karancin abinci. Yan kasuwa ya zama mai arziki da kuma zuba jarin su da riba, a sabon ayyukan, kiwon tattalin arzikin kasar.

Yana inganta ingancin da tsabar kudi, wanda aka minted a Moscow. Daga cikin Turai yan kasuwa suka fara ji dadin game da Rasha kudi. Kunna waje cinikayya na kasar, za su sayar da rare dukiya da kasashen waje, wanda ya ba wani babba riba cikin taskar. Duk da wannan gudummawar da garambawul na Elena Glinsky. Tebur ya nuna babban fasali na wadannan canje-canje ne ba kawai kudi, amma kuma a wasu duniyoyin al'umma.

lipstick garambawul

Princess Elena Glinskaya, inda ya gyara aikinsa, ba su kawo karshen a kudi, ya kuma fara canza tsarin na gida gwamnati. Canza jihar ta iyakokin kasar da mijinta ya kai ga gaskiya cewa tsohon ciki administrative rabo ya zama m. Saboda wannan garambawul fara lipstick Elena Glinsky. Yana damu gida gwamnati. A siffa "lipstick" ya zo daga kalmar "kashe." A gyara ma rufe laifi aikace-aikace a lardin.

Bisa ga} ir} gimbiya ta bayyana a cikin kasa labial bukka, wanda ya yi aiki labial headman. Irin wannan jikin kamata sun fara aiki a kowane Ikklesiya gari. Labial headman iya gudanar da gwaji na barayi. Wannan gata ne dauke daga kormlenschikov cewa ya bayyana a lokacin da girma da na Moscow sarauta. A boyars, wanda ya rayu a waje da babban birnin kasar, ba kawai gwamnonin. Wani lokaci su ikon da aka ma kawo hadari ga siyasar cibiyar.

Saboda haka, canji ya fara a karamar hukumar, da Mafarin wanda ya Elena Glinskaya. A sake fasalin kuma gabatar da sabon yankin gundumomi (lebe), wanda corresponded zuwa karkarar tsohon lura da labial dattawa. Yana da aka raba bisa ga m iko. Yana da bai canja ba saba parishes cewa tabbatar administrative iyakoki. A gyara fara da Elena da kuma ci gaba tare da danta Ivan. A XVI karni lebe kan iyaka da kuma alƙaryu wasan.

Canje-canje a cikin gida gwamnati

Prefects aka zaba daga cikin gida boyars. Su sarrafawa da Duma, wanda ya gana a babban birnin kasar, kazalika da dan damfara umarni. Wannan iko ne a lura da laifi lokuta na looting, fashi, kisan kai, kazalika da aikin na gidajen yarin da kuma executioners.

A rabo na iko tsakanin gida gwamnati da kuma kotuna a yarda don su kara ingancinsu. Har ila yau, akwai da matsayi na labial Tselovalnik. Ya kuma an zabe daga tsakãnin mawadãta manoma kuma ya taimaka dattijo a cikin aikinsa.

Idan laifi hali ba za a iya dauke a cikin lebe bukka, shi ne tura domin dan damfara. Duk wadannan firtsi sun Brewing wani dogon lokaci, amma sun bayyana a lokacin da dokoki Elena Glinskaya. A sake fasalin sun kai ga cewa 'yan kasuwa da matafiya zama mafi aminci ga tafiya a kan hanyoyi. A sabon tsarin da aka amfani domin gyara shimfidar wuri Volga ƙasashe annexed a lokacin zamanin mulkin Ivana Groznogo (Kazan kuma Astrakhan khanate).

Labial bukka kuma taimaka hukumomi don su yi yaƙi da anti-zangar a cikin peasantry. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da garambawul ya zama dole ba ne kawai don canja gida gwamnati, amma kuma a magance feedings. Rangwamen wannan m yi ya faru daga baya, lokacin da Helen fara karkashin dangi sabunta zemskoe dokokin. A sakamakon haka, a kan lokaci nada gwamnonin da aka maye gurbinsu da zabe wanda ya fi san Ikklesiya fiye da appointees daga Moscow.

Aiki labial cottages

Bayyanar da labial bukkoki da farkon na shirya yaki da aikata laifuka ne sakamakon tunanin game da gaskiyar cewa wani take hakkin doka ba mai zaman kansa al'amari na azabtar, kuma a buga a kasar ta tabbata. Bayan Elena Glinsky laifi guzuri sun kuma an sabunta a Sudebnik danta. Kowane lebe headman samu sandarsa (barmen, desyatskih da t. D.). Su yawan dogara a kan girman da lebe da kuma yawan gidaje da suke zaune a cikin wannan yankin naúrar.

Kafin cewa kormlenschikov tsunduma kawai a fito na fito da accusatory tsari, da m ya jagoranci binciken da binciken ayyuka (misali, tambayoyi da shaidu, search for alamu, da sauransu. D.). Yana wani sabon gwaji matakin da cewa zai yadda ya kamata ku yi yãƙi laifi. Elena Glinsky sake fasalin sun unprecedented impetus a cikin wannan yanki na rayuwar zamantakewa.