Famous Faransa kasida

France - a kasar da cewa shi ne gaba da sauran. A nan ne na farko da juyin juya halin da ya faru, kuma ba kawai zaman jama'a, amma kuma wallafe-wallafen, koi kawo ci gaban art a cikin dukan duniya. Faransa marubuta da kuma kasida cimma unprecedented Heights. Wani mai ban sha'awa Gaskiyar ita ce, shi ne a Faransa aikin da yawa 'yan baiwa aka kimanta a lokacin da yake rayuwa. Yau muna magana game da mafi muhimmanci marubuta da kuma kasida XIX - farkon karni XX, kazalika da bayyana labule na ban sha'awa lokacin da rayukansu.

Viktor Mari Gyugo (1802-1885)

Abu ne mai wuya sauran Faransa kasida zai iya cim tare da sikelin Viktora Gyugo. A marubuci, wanda ya ji tsoro ba tada ostrosotsialnye jigogi a littafan, kuma a lokaci guda romantic mawãƙi, ya rayu tsawon rai, arziki m nasarori. Hugo a matsayin marubuci da aka ba kawai gane a zamanin rayuwarsa - ya sanya wani arziki ta hanyar yin wannan sana'a.

Bayan da "Notre Dame" na ya shahara ne kawai girma. Akwai da yawa marubuta a duniya waɗanda suka yi iya rayuwa 4 shekaru waje nasu madadin? Bayan 79 shekara da shekaru (a kan ranar haihuwar Viktora Gyugo) a kan Avenue Eylau gina nasara baka - a gaskiya, a karkashin windows na marubuci. Ta hanyar da shi, da rana ya wuce 600 dubu Raya Makon na da basira. Ba da da ewa titi da aka sake masa suna cikin Avenue Victor Hugo.

Bayan Viktor Mari Gyugo bar ba kawai manyan ayyukan da babban rabo, 50,000 francs na wanda aka gãdar wa gajiyayyu, amma kuma wani bakon aya, a cikin nufinsa. Ya aka yi umurni da sake suna da babban birnin kasar na Faransa - Paris - a Gyugopolis. A gaskiya, shi ne kawai abu da aka ba hukuncin kisa.

Teofil Gote (1811-1872)

Lokacin da Viktor Gyugo kokawa da classicist zargi, Teofil Gote ya kasance daya daga cikin haske da kuma mafi magoya bayan. Faransa kasida samu wani m ƙari na da darajõji: Gaultier ba kawai daidai ƙware da dabara na rubuce-rubuce, amma kuma ya bude wani sabon zamanin a cikin art na Faransa, wanda baya rinjayi dukan duniya.

Bayan da ya jimre farko da tarin a cikin mafi kyau hadisin na romantic style, Teofil Gote a lokaci guda cire daga gargajiya batutuwa wakoki da kuma shayari canja da vector. Ya bai rubuta game da kyau na halitta, madawwamiyar ƙaunarsa da kuma siyasa. Ba wai kawai cewa - mawãƙi sanar da fasaha wuya daga cikin aya mafi muhimmanci bangaren. Wannan na nufi cewa ayar, zama a siffar romantic, a gaskiya ba su kasance - sun bai wa hanya zuwa gabar form.

A cikin latest tarin, "Enamels da cameos", wanda ke dauke da pinnacle na kerawa Theophile Gautier, kuma shigar da manifesto "Parnassian makaranta" - "Art". Ya sanar da manufa na "art for art ta sake", wanda Faransa kasida yarda wassu sharudda.

Artyur Rembo (1854-1891)

Faransa mawãƙi Artyur Rembo wahayi zuwa rayuwarsa da kuma shayari fiye da daya tsara. A samartaka , ya akai-akai ya gudu daga gida a Paris, inda ya gana da Paul Verlaine, ya aiko shi da waka "The mãsu mãye Ship". A sada zumunci tsakanin kasida zarar girma a cikin soyayya. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ga barin Verlaine iyali.

A lokacin da rayuwar Rimbaud zo kawai 2 tarin wakoki kuma dabam - da halarta a karon ayar "mãye Ship", wanda nan da nan ya kawo shi fitarwa. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa mawãƙi ta aiki ya sosai short: duk da waqe-waqe da ya rubuta a cikin shekaru 15 zuwa shekaru 21. Bayan Artyur Rembo kawai ki rubuta. Flatly. Sai ya wãyi gari a kasuwa, har karshen rayuwa ta hanyar sayar da kayan yaji, da makamai, da kuma ... mutane.

Famous Faransa mawãƙi Pol Elyuar da Giyom Apolliner ake gane asalin Artyura Rembo. Aikinsa da mutum wahayi zuwa gare ta Henry Miller ta muqala, "Lokaci kisan gillar" da kuma Patti Smith kullum yayi Magana game da mawãƙi da kuma ayoyinsa da aka nakalto.

Pol Verlen (1844-1896)

Faransa kasida da marigayi XIX karni, zabe Paul Verlaine su "sarki," amma King akwai wani sosai kadan kangararru ne, kuma Playboy, Verlaine bayyana mummuna gefe na rayuwa - da datti, duhu, da zunubi da sha'awar. Daya daga cikin "ubanninsu" na impressionism da symbolism a adabi, da mawãƙi rubuta wakoki, da kyau na da sauti wanda ba zai iya kai wani translation.

Duk yadda mugun ya Faransa mawãƙi Rimbaud taka babbar rawa a nan gaba. Bayan samun Mai ƙididdigewa ga matasa Arthur Paul dauki shi a karkashin reshe. Ya aka neman mawãƙi mahalli, ko na wani lokaci hayar dakin, ko da yake ya kasance ba m ga shi. Al'amarinsu dade shekaru da dama: bayan Verlaine bar iyali, sun yi tafiya, bugu da fādawa, kamar yadda suka iya.

Lokacin da Rimbaud yanke shawarar samun daga gare ta lover, Verlaine harbe shi a cikin wuyan hannu. Ko da yake azabtar retracted da sanarwa, Paul Verlaine aka yanke masa hukumcin biyu da shekaru a kurkuku. Bayan haka, ya taba dawo dasu. Saboda rashin iyawa na al'umma ta yi watsi Artyura Rembo, Verlaine kuma ba zai iya samun koma wa matarsa - ta ya sanya saki, kuma ya halaka shi gaba daya.

Giyom Apolliner (1880-1918)

Ɗan wani Yaren mutanen Poland aristocrat, haife shi a Roma, Giyom Apolliner nasa ne France. Sai ya zama a Paris, ya rayu samartaka da} uruciyarsa, har sai da mutuwa. Kamar sauran Faransa kasida na lokacin, Apollinaire aka neman sababbin hanyoyin da kuma dama da ya nema ya m - da kuma nasara.

Bayan da littafin da litattafan aiki a cikin ruhun m alfãsha, kuma da mini-tarin wakoki "Bestiary, ko Orpheus motorcade", da aka buga a 1911, Giyom Apolliner wallafa farko cikakken tsawon shayari tarin "Barasa" (1913), wanda nan da nan ja hankalin na rashin nahawu, Baroque hasashe da kuma sautin da bambance-bambance.

Tarin "Kaligrammy" ya tafi har ma da kara - duk da waqe-waqe da suke kunshe a wannan tarin, rubuta da wani ban mamaki hanyar: ayyukan Lines shirya a wani iri-iri silhouettes. idanun mai karatu bayyana a mace a hula, kurciya, wanda soars sama da marmaro, gilashin fure na furanni ... Wannan nau'i na ayar an shige. Hanyar, ta hanyar, ba sabon - ba shayari fara da nunawa har ma da Burtaniya a XVII karni, amma a wancan lokacin Apollinaire tsammani fitowan "atomatik rubutu", wanda yake shi ne don haka m na Surrealists.

Kalmar "surrealism" nasa ne Guillaume Apollinaire. Ya bayyana bayan staging ya "surreal wasan kwaikwayo" "Paps Tiresias" a 1917. A da'irar kasida da shi a kai tun lokacin ya zama sananne surrealists.

Andre Breton (1896-1966)

Domin Andre Breton gana da Guillaume Apollinaire zama alama. Haka ya faru a gaba, a asibiti, inda matasa Andre, likita da horo, aiki a matsayin wani likita ma'ana. Apollinaire wani contusion (wani ɓaɓɓake daga wani dako buga a kai), bayan abin da ya taba dawo dasu.

Tun 1916, Andre Breton daukan wani aiki sashi a cikin aikin na avant-garde shayari. Ya gana da Louis Aragon, Filippom Supo, Tristan Tzara, Paul Eluard, gano da wakoki na Lautréamont. A shekara ta 1919, bayan mutuwar Apollinaire, Poets epatazhisty farkon don tsara a kusa da Andre Breton. Har ila yau, ke tare da Filippom Supo muqala "Magnetic filayen" wannan shekara, rubuta ta Hanyar "atomatik rubuce."

Tun 1924, bayan da shela da farko Shelar na Surrealism, Andre Breton ya zama shugaban motsi. A gidansa a kan Avenue Fontaine bude ofishin surreal nazarin fara buga mujallu. Yana shi ne farkon wata da gaske kasa da kasa motsi Kama Office aka bude a birane da yawa a duniya.

Faransa kwaminis mawãƙi Andre Breton rayayye yaki magoya bayansa da su shiga cikin jam'iyyar kwaminis. Ya haka ĩmãni da akida na kwaminisanci, wanda ko da lashe wani taro tare da Lvom Trotskim a Mexico (ko da yake a lokacin ya riga an fitar daga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis).

Louis Aragon (1897-1982)

Gaskiya Majibinci, kuma abõkin haɗi Apollinaire, Louis Aragon ya ga Andre Breton hannun dama. Faransa mawãƙi, kwaminisanci har ya karshe numfashi, a 1920 Aragon buga farko da tarin waqe-waqe, "Fireworks", rubuta a cikin style of surrealism da Dadaism.

Bayan shigarwa na mawãƙi a cikin jam'iyyar kwaminis a 1927, tare da aikinsa da Breton sāke. Ya ke a wasu hanyoyi zama da "murya daga cikin jam'iyyar," da kuma, a shekarar 1931 gurfanar ga waka "Red Front", imbued tare da ruhun wani hatsari zunubi shũshũtãwa.

Peru Louis Aragon da kuma nasa ne da "Tarihin da Tarayyar Soviet." A akida na gurguzu, ya kare har mutuwarsa, ko da yake kwanan nan aikin kadan baya zuwa hadisai na hakikanci, ba a canza launin a cikin "ja."