Fedor Alekseevich Romanov. A zamanin

Alexis ya da wani salon "Quietest" - daga biyu aure ya yi 16 yara. The ban sha'awa facts hada da gaskiyar cewa babu wani daga cikin tara da 'ya'ya mata ba aure, kuma da yara maza, waɗanda aka haifa a cikin aure farko da Miloslavskaya, sun kasance sosai m. Daya kawai daga cikinsu, Ivan da V, ana mamakin duk cututtuka (daga scurvy to inna), dade har zuwa shekaru 27. Ya haifi biyar 'yan mata, daya daga wanda - Anna - mulki Rasha domin shekaru 10.

Wani wanda wani ya da dama

Native yayana Ivan, Theodore A., ya rayu har zuwa cikakken shekaru 20, wanda ya kasance sarki na 6 shekaru - daga 1676 zuwa 1682. Da farko aure aka haife ɗa, Ilya, wanda ya mutu tare da mahaifiyar nan da nan bayan haihuwa. Magada zauna, saboda haka gaji gadon ƙaramin 'yan'uwa - Ivan da mahaifiyarsa da mahaifinsa Bitrus, wanda Abital ta Naryshkin. Ya zama babban shugaban Rasha.

Sun amma m sarki

Theodore A. kansa ya zama kalubale ga babban dan kursiyin bayan ya mutu ya biyu mazan 'yan'uwa - Dmitry (a cikin jariri) da kuma Alex (16 shekara).

Magajin sarki mahaifin ayyana shi a 1675, kuma a shekara daga baya ya zama sarki. Fedor Alekseevich kuwa mai tsawo suna, saboda Rasha ta ba tukuna kasance guda jihar, da kuma jera duk da mulkoki da khanates karkashin ta iko.

Sarki ya yaro. Babu shakka, ba daga wadanda suke so don samun a cikin kociyoyin da koma baya. Duk da haka, mutane da yawa sun kammala wani "na son rai" da kuma ba da wani tunani. Uwar rana Naryshkin aka fitar da su Transfiguration tare da Bitrus. Watakila sa'a? Bayan duk, da Life Guards Preobrazhensky rajimanti zo daga wadannan al'amura. By tsakiyar 1676 a mahada an aiko da A. S. Matveev, dangi na ubansa, na farko Rasha "Westerner", wanda ya baya kusan Unlimited ikon a kasar.

Halitta basira da kuma mai girma malami

Theodore A. wani m mutum - rubuta waqoqi, mallakar kida da kuma rera waka kyawawan kyau, masani a cikin art. A cewar Sahaban, a deathbed delirium ya karanta daga memory Ovid. Ba duk Sarakunan, mutuwa, ya tuna da litattafansu. Hali ya fili fice.

Fedor yi sa'a tare da malami. Saminu na Polotsk, Belarussian-haife marubuci kuma theologian, a manyan jama'a adadi na Rasha, tsunduma a cikin horo. Da yake mai jagoranci sarauta yara, bai bar jama'a da kuma wallafe-wallafen aiki - kafa wani bugu gidan a Moscow, ya buɗe wani makaranta, rubuta wakoki da kuma kwaikwaiyo, treatises da waqe. Theodore A. karkashin jagoranci da kuma fassara rhymed wasu zabura na Psalter. Fedor Alekseevich Romanov aka da ilimi, ya san Yaren mutanen Poland, Girka da Latin. Musamman domin sakatarorin jagorancin Simeona Polotskogo da aka shirya a irin bayyani na kasa da kasa abubuwan.

tarihi zãlunci

Saboda gaskiya cewa mulkinsa ya short-rayu (ba ta isa wata daya zuwa 6-shekara lokaci) kuma kodadde tsakanin haske gagarumin lokaci (sarautar ubansa, Alexei Mikhailovich "quietest" da kuma wa Bitrus I Great), ya Fedor Alekseevich Romanov zauna m sarki . Da kuma wakilan su daular ba fariya. Ko da yake ya mallaki hankali da kuma nufin da kuma iyawa. Ya zai iya zama wani babban canji da kuma inverter, marubucin na farko Rasha perestroika. Sai ya wãyi gari a manta da sarki.

A farkon sarautar Ahasurus, duk ikon da aka mayar da hankali a hannun Miloslavskys da su ayarinsa. Fyodor III yana nufin, amma saboda yana da wani matashi, ya tura su a cikin inuwa, kazalika da kawo mutane zuwa gare shi ba sosai daraja, amma mai kaifin, aiki, enterprising - I. M. Yazykova da V. V. Golitsyna.

Tsar-kawo canji

Sarki Fedor Alekseevich alama gagarumin canje.
An haife shi a 1661, tuni a 1678 ya umurni da farkon na ƙidaya, kuma ya gabatar da homestead haraji, tare da sakamakon cewa baitul fara girma. Karfafa jihar ta cikin toughening na kauda tashe serfdom gudummawar wa ubansa da hukuncin ba to extradite gudun hijira manoma batun samu na su a cikin sojojin. Waɗannan su ne kawai na farko matakai. Sarki Fedor Alekseevich aza harsashin ga wasu dauka da Bitrus I sake fasalin. Saboda haka, a cikin 1681, a jerin abubuwan da suka kafa harsashin ginin da kuma ba da damar Petra rike lardin gyara, kuma a bara na rayuwar Fyodor III shirya aikin, bisa abin da Bitrus "Table of Ranks" aka halicce su.

Mutumin farko da wannan sunan a cikin Romanov iyali ya Fedor Cat - daya daga cikin kai tsaye magabatan na daular Qing. A na biyu kuwa shi ne sarki Filaret (Feodor Nikitich Romanov). The uku ta ga sarki a Fedor Alekseevich Romanov - wani sabon abu hali, karfi da kuma bã da wani hakki manta. Bugu da kari mai tsanani hereditary cutar da yake da aka fama da wani raunin da - a cikin shekaru 13 da shekaru shi a lokacin hutu kakar koma seleji, wanda kori 'yan'uwa mãtã. Times suna da irin - mutu a haihuwa uwa da jariri scurvy magani ya gagara (ta ɗauki siffar na annoba), fastening wurin zama bel a cikin sarauta seleji ya ba. Sai dai itace mutumin da aka ƙaddara wa wani wuri mutuwa da kuma rashin iyawa to gama hira. A sakamakon haka, mun manta game da shi, da kuma daukakar tafi sauransu.

Duk da sunan da kasa

Domestic siyasa Fedor Alekseevich aka yi niyya ga mai kyau na jihar, da kuma inganta data kasance halin da ake ciki sai ya nemi a kawo karshen zaluncin da despotism.
Ya sāke Duma, da kara yawan mambobinta zuwa 99 mutane (maimakon 66). Sarki kuwa ya ajiye su a cikin babban nauyi a gwamnatin yanke shawara. Kuma shi ya ya, ba Bitrus I, ya fara ba da hanyar mutane da kaskantar da kai, amma da ilimi da kuma aiki, iya bauta ga mai kyau na kasar. Ya halakar da tsarin ƙungiyoyin sabis matsayi, kai tsaye dogara a kan nobility na asali. localism tsarin daina wanzuwa a 1682 kai tsaye a taron na lardin majalisar. Cewa wannan dokar ba su kasance kawai a kan takarda, Fyodor III umurni da lalata duk bit na littafin, wanda aka halatta samun matsayi na tribal akidar. Wannan shi ne na karshe shekara ransa, sarki ya kasance kawai 20 shekaru da haihuwa.

Wide reorganization na jihar

Politika Fedora Alekseevicha directed a alleviating, idan ba don ya hallakar da rashin tausayi na laifi la'anta da kuma azaba. Ya soke chopping kashe hannuwansu ga sata.

Shin da shi ba, bai cancanci na mamaki tallafi na mai shari'a da alatu? Kafin mutuwarsa, shi ne ya yanke shawarar a kan kafa na Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy. A daidai wannan lokaci shi ne bude, da kuma wani addini makaranta. Mene ne mafi abin mamaki bane, Theodore A. farko ya fara kira malamai daga kasashen waje. Ko aske gyammansu, kuma taqaitaccen gashi ya karkashin Tsar Feodor.

Sabobin tuba haraji tsarin da na'ura na sojojin. Haraji sun zama m, da kuma yawan fara biya su fiye ko žasa a kai a kai, ciko aljihun. Kuma, mafi mamaki, ya rage da hakkin daga cikin coci, ƙwarai iyakance ta sa baki a cikin harkokin jihar da kuma wadanda mutane, ya fara aiwatar da tsiyacewa na patriarchate. Karanta da mamaki, domin duk wannan da aka dangana wa Bitrus! Babu shakka, duk da dukan mãkirci na fādar sarki, ya ƙaunace da mazan ɗan'uwansa, ya iya godiya fara sake fasalin da kuma canje-canje da mayalwaci kammala su.

yi garambawul

Feodor Alekseevich Romanov siyasa maida hankali ne akan duk kasa tattalin arziki sassa. Active gina haikalin da kuma jama'a gine-gine, akwai sabon kadarori, masu garu iyaka, m gidãjen Aljanna. Hands kai har zuwa lambatu tsarin na Kremlin. Sun cancanci musamman kalmomi gida, tsara da umurninsa, da yawa daga abin da har yanzu wanzu a yau. Theodore A. gudanar ya kusan gama sake gina da katako Moscow a dutse. Ya bayar Muscovites sha'awa-free rance domin gina misali bẽnãye. Moscow aka canza a gaban idanunmu. Aka gina dubban gidaje, ta haka ne warware matsalar gidaje na babban birnin kasar. Ga wasu shi ne ya fusata, sarki ya zargi da wawure taskar. Duk da haka, idan Rasha Fedor juya a cikin wani manyan iko, da kuma ta zuciya, Red Square, ya zama fuskar} asar. Kafa shi ya ba kasa mamaki - enterprising, da ilmin mutane daga commoner sunayen yi aiki tare da shi a cikin daukaka Rasha. A nan, Bitrus ya bi a zambiyõyin.

Nasarorin da kasashen waje da manufofin

Ciki reorganization na jihar ta kasashen waje da manufofin complements da Fedor Alekseevich. Da ya riga ya yi kokarin dawo kasar mu a kan Baltic Sea. Bakhchisarai yarjejeniya a 1681 annexed da Hagu-Bank Ukraine da Rasha. A musanya ga birane uku na Kiev ya zama wani ɓangare na Rasha a farkon 1678. New Kudu post bayyana a kusa da garin Izyum, don haka mafi yawan m ƙasar da aka annexed zuwa Rasha - game da dubu 30 murabba'in kilomita kan shi da kuma kafa wasu sababbin kadarori bayar da manyansu, waɗanda suka bauta a cikin sojojin. Kuma shi biya kashe gaba daya - Rasha lashe a kan ta m in lambobi da kuma kayan aiki na Turkish sojojin.

Lokacin da Theodore A., ba a karkashin Bitrus, ta hanyar yau da kullum aiki sojojin da aka dage farawa, kafa wani sabon gaba daya manufa. regiments aka halicce Lefortovo da Butyrsky wanda ba ya ci amanar nan Bitrus a Narva yaƙi.

howling kunya

Inexplicable reticence isa yabo na sarki, domin a lokacin da shi rubuce-rubuce a Rasha ya tripled. A cikin babban birnin kasar - at biyar. A takardun nuna cewa shi ne a karkashin Theodore A. Romanov shayari wadãta karkashin shi, ba a Lomonosov fara dauki siffar farko Ode. Ba shi yiwuwa a lissafta da cewa ya gudanar ya yi da matasa sarki. Yanzu mai yawa magana game da rabo daga tarihi adalci. Zai yi kyau idan ta maido biya haraji wa sarki, ba da matakin na abstracts, da kuma dorewar sunansa a shafukan tarihi litattafan, to kome daga yara sani game da abin da shi ne mai girma m.