Hadisai, al'adu da kuma harshen na Birtaniya. Monuments yanayi da kuma al'adun Birtaniya. History of British al'adu

United Kingdom na Burtaniya da Ireland ta Arewa - daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci kasashe a Turai. Magaji ga mafi girma a taba wanzu dauloli, shi ne cibiyar na zamanin d al'adu. United Kingdom - inda aka haife su, kuma Ya halitta yawa shahararrun marubuta, artists kuma masu kida. Cikin dukanin ta tarihi, shi ya rinjayi al'adun duniya da kuma a yanzu mataki na ci gaba ne babu kasa muhimmanci.

multilayered

Birtaniya Al'adu ne sau da yawa kuskuren dangantaka da Turanci. Duk da haka, da karshen ne kawai wani ɓangare daga dukan, ko quite ban sha'awa. Amurka gama Ingila, Scotland, Wales, da Northern Ireland. Duniya cewa sanya su bambanta a duka biyu asalin da kuma hadisai, amma saboda tarihi na Birtaniya al'ada - shi ne akai hulda da kuma shigar azzakari cikin farji daga juna ta kasa halaye. Bugu da kari, wani m lamba a kan ta bar da kuma mulkin mallaka da. Traces of rinjayar al'umman da kuma yankunan da tsohon ƙarƙashin, ji da kyau a cikin al'adun jihar a yau. M ne kuma gaskiya: da United Kingdom ya na da wani tasiri a kan samuwar da kuma ci gaban harshen, wasu daga cikin yankunan da art, kazalika da jama'a cibiyoyin a Canada, Australia, Afirka ta Kudu, Amurka, New Zealand da kuma Ireland.

tushe

A kan ƙasa na zamani kasar Birtaniya a zamanin da ya rayu kabilan Celts. A farkon zamanin mu a tsibirin zo Romawa, bi da Anglo-Saxon mamayewa. Duk wadannan mutane aza harsashin ginin zamani al'adu na jihar, bayar da asali layering. Zuriyar da Celts dauke da Scots da kuma Welsh, kuma Anglo-Saxons - Ingilishi. Babban tasiri a kan kunno kai al'adu ma bayar da Normans da Vikings.

saba ko'ina

Birtaniya Al'adu da harshe inextricably linked. Kamar yadda a kowace ƙasa, ya kawo tare dama kasashe, za ka iya ji wani daban-daban magana. The hukuma harshe - Ingilishi. Its ruwan dare a duniya, watakila, da aka sani ga duk. Tattaunawar kasa da kasa da ake gudanar a Turanci, sadarwa da yawon bude ido. An yi karatu, a duniya, a matsayin harshe na biyu. Wannan kusan ubiquity - sakamakon baya rinjayar Birtaniya Empire.

Active a Birtaniya ma amfani, da kuma biyu Scottish Celtic harsuna, Welsh da Gaelic. A farko da-gane a Turai, da sauran sau da yawa kasance a cikin iyakoki na jihar. Scottish kuma Gaelic - kasa harsuna na Scotland. Welsh ya dade da aka yi amfani da Wales.

architecture

Birtaniya al'adu ne sun fi mayar da kyalli a cikin gine-gine na tsohon birnin. Mutane da yawa yawon bude ido shirin tafiya zuwa United Kingdom da manufar zuwa sha'awan da gine na tsibirin al'umma, jin da musamman yanayi muhimmi a cikin Nordic kasashen.

Ban sha'awa a matsayin tsohon gine-gine gina a Ingila da kuma lokacin da Roman ci, kiyaye su a Scotland, da kuma na zamani birni gine. UK riko da wani palette na styles. Nan, suna fita yawo a cikin tituna, za ka iya karatu da alamu na classicism, Roman, Gothic da Anglo-Saxon yankunan. Famous gine-gine da Monuments na al'adun Burtaniya:

• Westminster Abbey - wani m misali na marigayi Gothic gine. An lashe Birtaniya wadanada.
• Tower na London - sansanin soja kafa a karni na biyu AD, tsohon sau daya da kuma a kurkuku, da kuma a zoo, da kuma Mint. Its ganuwar tuna William na da Richard da Lionheart.
• Trafalgar Square - daya daga cikin alamu na London.
• Big Ben - Agogon hasumiyar Westminster Palace, abu Countdown to 1859.
• Kango na Abbey a Glastonbury.
• Tsohon manyan gidãje a Scotland.
• Buckingham Palace.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa irin wannan mai yawa da gine-gine da Monuments kamata ba kokarin rufe a daya tafiya - kwaikwayo zai zama blurry. Birtaniya cancanci zama a cikin shi to koma fiye da sau daya.

girmanka yanayi

United Kingdom - wani wuri ba kawai mutum ya Masterpieces. Nan, jama'a da dama na jan hankali halitta da yanayi da kanta, da kuma tare da su rabuwa da al'adu da tarihi da rayuwar da ke jihar. Shahararren White cliffs na Dover ya dade da aka gaishe matafiya isa ta ruwa daga nahiyar. Sung a da yawa ayyuka, an bã su da wani biyu sunan Ingila. Sunan "Albion" da aka kafa daga Latin kalma ta "fari".

Babu kasa shahara Beachy Head, tanã fita da ɗaya da ɗari da sittin da mita sama da teku. Abin takaici, wannan kyakkyawan alli cliffs yana da wani mugun suna: shi mukamansu uku a duniya a yawan halaka kai.

adabi

Birtaniya Culture - wannan shi ne wani gagarumin taimako ga duniya wakoki da kuma litattafan. Ayyukan da Turanci, Scottish kuma Irish mawallafa da aka fassara a cikin harsuna da yawa, kuma su ne, ba tare da ƙari, a duk dakunan karatu.

Ingila ba duniya Shakespeare. Ko da yake ra'ayoyin malamai ta bambanta game da mutuntakarsa, ya invaluable taimako ga wallafe-wallafe. A lokuta daban-daban da aka haife nan Dzhon Milton, Tomas Mor, Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson, Dzheyn Ostin, Lyuis Kerroll, Bronte 'yan'uwanku mãtã, Gerbert Uells, Dzhon Tolkin, Somerset Maugham da yawa wasu. Scotland - haifuwa daga Arthur Conan Doyle da Sir Walter Scott, Robert Louis Stevenson da kuma Robert Burns. Just listing wadannan sunayen nuna yawa daga Birtaniya ta bayar da gudunmawar duniya wallafe-wallafe. Mutane da yawa nau'o'i samo asali a nan, da kuma wasu al'amuran dauki kan zukatan miliyoyin mutane a duniya (da labari na King Arthur, ayyukan Shakespeare, Tolkien ta halittu).

music

Al'adu da kuma hadisai na Burtaniya ne a gane ba tare da wani "m masu raka." A Jihar m iri-iri na kwatance. A kan tituna ba za ka iya ji dutse, jazz da kuma nauyi karfe, da kuma na kasa music of England, Ireland, Wales da kuma Scotland. Gargajiya Trend ci gaba a Birtaniya godiya ga irin composers kamar yadda Uilyam Bord, Genri Porsell, Edward Elgar, Gustav Holst, Arthur Sullivan, Ralph Vaughan Williams da kuma Benjamin Britten.

United Kingdom - da haifuwa daga cikin shahararrun Fab hudu. The Beatles da tasiri sosai a rare music a dukan duniya. Su ne har yanzu mafi kyau-sayar da band dukan lokaci. A gunki na da yawa music magoya na kasashe daban-daban sun zo daga nan: Sarauniya, Elton Dzhon, ya jagoranci Zeppelin, Pink Floyd, The Rolling Duwatsu da sauransu.

Kayayyakin art

Birtaniya Culture - wannan kuma da yawa art galleries, wani babba wuri a cikin abin kasaftawa ayyukan mawallafa, waɗanda aka haifa da kuma wanda ya yi aiki a nan. Sunayensu da kuma aiki - da wani ɓangare na Turai art. Uilyam Terner, Dzhon Konstebl, Samuel Palmer, Uilyam Bleyk - da wakilan da Romantic motsi a cikin zanen. Babu kasa shahara wuri mai faɗi zane-zane Tomas Geynsboro, kazalika da hoto painters Joshuwa Reynolds da Lyusen Freyd. A Ingila, Scotland, Wales da kuma Ireland a 'yan lokutan aiki Masters daban-daban nau'o'i. Dukan su suna gabatar a Royal Academy of Arts a London.

kasa siffofin

Monuments yanayi da kuma al'adun Birtaniya - ba wai kawai abin da shi ne sananne ga. Mazauna kasar musamman halaye dangana ga samar da wata kasa hali. Duk da haka, a mafi yawan lokuta, da haukan halayyar nufi Burtaniya, ko yada shi zuwa duk UK 'yan ƙasa. Scots, Ailan da kuma Welsh ba a duk irin wannan da juna da kuma da babban al'umma jihohi.

Saboda haka, da Turanci - sosai m mutãne waɗanda ba su yi haƙuri saba da tattauna sirri batutuwa a lokacin, misali, abincin dare. Su ne a bit prim da kuma neman ko da yaushe a game da hadisin. Mazauna Ingila a adabi sukan bayyana a matsayin m, dabara gabar style, suka fi son litattafansu da kuma 'yan ra'ayin mazan jiya. Duk da haka, irin wannan hoto ne quite matukar kuma dace wajen ba daya na gama image fiye da wani mutumin.

United Kingdom: da al'adu na kasar, musamman ma ta art da kuma na kasa da halin - janyo hankalin da yawa masu bincike. Ingila, Ireland, Scotland da kuma Wales rubuta da yawa kimiyya ayyukan ƙwarai, kuma ayyukan art. Duk da haka, babu wani daga cikinsu zai iya kwatanta da ra'ayi na mai tafiya zuwa United Kingdom. Laya daga zamanin d tituna da kuma m makiyayarta, gudu da kuma kasuwanci cibiyoyin da fitilu, da kyau na halitta da kuma asirin tsoho kango - duk da wannan daraja dawo zuwa Birtaniya.