Howitzer "Tulip". "Tulip" - 240 millimeter kai-propelled turmi shuka

Rasha - wata babbar kasa, shi ne a lamba tare da duniya. A sakamakon haka, kusan kowane lokacin yaki underway shafe da Rasha soja ko akalla Rasha makamai da makamai. Bayan kasance a cikin Nasara Parade a daban-daban birane, za ka iya ganin yadda bambancin kayan aiki: manyan bindigogi, tank, roka da sojojin da manyan motoci da kuma motoci domin daban-daban dalilai.

Sunayen da dabara, da? Ir samar da sabon abu: jirgin sama "Swift" da "Mig" kafa "Grad", "iskar", "Peony" da kuma wani gungu daga m howitzers - "Acacia", "Hyacinth" da "Tulip". Howitzer "Tulip" - daya daga cikin mafi kyau furanni na manyan bindigogi, bari mu dubi shi a more daki-daki.

Tarihi na halitta

Karkashin Khrushchev manyan bindigogi sojoji, bisa manufa, an ayyana saba da bukatun na lokaci. Yana buƙatar ci gaban da makamai masu linzami. A wancan lokaci, a cikin gwaji gwajin lokaci ta dauke dama alamar samfurori wanda soki da makamai na wani tanki. Amma domin ya sanya su yi, da kuma kayan aiki da aka dismantled.

Wani abu wani wuri kiyaye su, wani hannunka an tashe kwakkwance your halitta, kuma ta haka ne, a wani gidan kayan gargajiya na sulke da motocin a Kubinka yanzu tsaye antitank gun SU-100P "Taran".

A Vietnam War fili ya nuna da backlog na mu manyan bindigogi daga Amurka. Amurka M109 amfani da saiti cewa sãme da manufa a nesa na 14 km. Karin fara tuna da tsohon aiki lokaci, cim tare da West a cikin ci gaban da manyan bindigogi. Sa'an nan da aka kaddamar a cikin Urals samar da makamai-sokin furannin - "Acacia", "Hyacinth" da "Tulip" - howitzer hoto da aka gabatar a kasa. Dates aka bai takaice, da kuma riga a 1971 da mota shige filin gwaje-gwaje da kuma sanya a cikin sabis. Tun daga nan, suka zauna a can, ba shakka, tare da wasu bita da kuma gyare-gyare.

Ganawa saitin "Tulip"

240-mm kai-propelled turmi naúrar da aka tsara domin lalata gine-gine da kuma kufaifan, wanda makiya yana amfani da matsayin tsari ga su manpower, kayan aiki, umurnin maki da kuma sadarwa, manyan bindigogi, da dai sauransu, ba su da samuwa ga waje kiwo-wuta manyan bindigogi. Babu analogues a duniya, howitzers da kuma rokoki da sauran kasashen da karami zamo da sosai halaye daban-daban.

Baya daga cikin saba bawo, Howitzer "Tulip" iya wuta nukiliya warheads, kanta sauran a wani hadari nesa daga fashewa. Har da "Tulip" An dauke da makamai a 240-mm towed turmi M-240, amfani da tun 1950. A 1971, suna da wani irin wannan wasan kwaikwayon, a harbi da kuma iya shiga ikon, amma turmi M-240 ne kasa mobile, da kasa maneuverability, yana daukan more lokacin da za a kawo a jihar jijjiga, saiti da kuma janyewar daga harbe-harben matsayi.

The zane na fama abin hawa

"Tulip" - 240-mm kai-propelled turmi saitin. The zane ne na asali. Duk da manyan bindigogi naúrar tsaye a kan rufin ƙwanso, da ƙungiya, harsasai da kuma kayan aiki da ake located a cikin jiki shasi. Located a kan hagu turret kwamandan.

A harsasai hada da 10 guda na aiki-amsawa da kuma 20 high-m mahakar. Domin duk matakai turmi samar da harbe-harben, bayar da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa tsarin. Kakansa, da M-240 da aka yi duk da hannu. Mechanized fama fakitin, drum, loading da aka sanya da breech na ganga gefe. A bambance-bambancen da hannu loading da crane.

Standard tsãwa nawa F-864 yana mai nauyi na 130,7 kg, biyar fashewar zargin cikinta, wanda aka ruwaito tawa gudun. A yammacin labaru da aka ruwaito cewa ga M-240 da aka tsara da kuma sa a cikin samar da aiki-amsawa mahakar da makaman nukiliya warheads.

Diesel engine shigarwa "Tulip" B-59 damar ci gaba da gudun 60 km / h a kan kwalta da 30 km / h a kan share fage.

A daidai da bukatun na zamani yaƙi "Tulip" howitzer sanye take da tsaro da kuma tsarin zai iya shawo kan kamuwa da yankin da kuma aiki a kan ta. Caji tsarin da girma na inji ba ya bukatar horo na musamman ga harbe-harben matsayi.

Shasi lāka aka yi amfani da abu 305, wanda shi ne mai kama da shasi na anti-aircraft hadaddun "Circle." Armor farantin "Tulip" tsayayya harsasai zamo 7-62 irin B-32 daga nesa na 300 m. Sam turmi 2B8 shasi ba tare da amfani da ba zai iya zama, saboda shi ke yadda howitzer "Tulip".

halaye na

Diesel engine B-59 yana da damar 520 dawakai da kuma damar iyakar gudu zuwa 62,8 km / h. Nasara da a tsaye bango na 700 mm, kuma yana da cruising kewayon 500 km. Har ila yau wuriyar nisa na 3 m da wani ruwa shãmaki zurfin 1 m ba zai dakatar da "Tulip".

Hidima da wannan dabara a ƙungiya daga 5 mutane. Kai-propelled howitzer "Tulip" weighs 27.500 kg, tsawon - kamar 6.5 m, nisa - 3 mita da kuma kwata tsawo -. 3.2 m Baya ga babban gun 240-millimeters, a can ne har yanzu goyon bayan da makami tare da wani zamo kamar 7,62.

Girkawar iya daukar har zuwa 1 harbi da minti kuma a wani kwana nuna da kuma tadawa a 80-82 digiri, da kwana na karkatar 50 digiri turmi iya halaka maƙiyi hari, ya ɓuya cikas, ya a wancan lokacin ya kasance daga kusakusa. Ko da abin da zargi, shi ne wani tasiri makami - Howitzer "Tulip". Harbe-harben kewayon da babban gun ne 19 km away.

gwajin

All soja kayan aiki kafin directing cikin sabis gudanar da wani jerin gwaje-gwaje. Ban wuce wannan gado da kuma manyan bindigogi bouquet. Daya daga cikin manyan designers yi magana game da shari'ar gwaje-gwaje "Acacia".

Lokacin da iko rajistan shiga dauki wani m jefa roka gabatarwa, a lokacin da ta kasance a cikin lokacin da na fara matsayi. Sa'a, da warheads ba a cikin roka. Saboda fara-up cajin shi jan dukan shuka, ba tukuna buga bangon, to, sai ya duba sama da fara wag a kan iyaka, babu wata jikkata. Har ila yau, "Acacia" ya matsala tare da kau da foda gas, suka tara a cikin ƙungiya daki. Yana da ya wajaba don ƙirƙirar wani matsin lamba bambanci, da gas bayan tashi dako ta wajen bindiga.

Howitzer "Tulip" nuna su mafi kyau gefe. A manufa amfani karfafa kankare, kora a kan su shekaru da yawa, amma saboda da ƙarfi, suka rushe dukan kõme. Bayan wani volley na "Tulip" daga su ne kawai mazurari zurfin mita 10 da kuma guda nisa.

New bawo ga howitzers

Barin modified, inganta da kuma sabon makamai masu linzami da aka samar a gare su. Yana da daraja a ambaci daya daga irin nawa 1K113 "Daredevil." Yana ci gaba a cikin marigayi 80s. Ba kamar al'ada mahakar, shi yana da iyaka zuwa cikin bude taga da na gani abin da ya ƙunsa zuwa kuma ciki har da Laser ga niyya.

Nisa daga manufa, a nesa daga 200 zuwa 5000 m, aka located spotter da designator. Ya haskaka manufa, kawai a lokacin da mine ne a nesa na 400-800 m. Makiya ko da ganowa da gaskiyar niyya ba su da lokacin da za a amsa.

Kwamfuta tare da dako hits wani manufa radius daga 3.2 m tare da wani yiwuwar 80-90%.

"Tulip" a Afghanistan

Bayan filin-gwaji ya zama dole don duba manyan bindigogi a cikin fama. Afghanistan shi ne na farko da irin wannan batu. "Tulip" ya ba makawa ga su damar su buge da makiya a cikin tsari, da kuma a daya gefen wani dutse, da kogwanni cika up wani harsashi da kuma jifa da morale na m, halakarwa. Musamman da abũbuwan amfãni daga "Tulip" kasance bayyane a lokacin da storming mata kagarai, 122mm bawo makale a cikin laka bango, alhãli kuwa, 240-mm halaka dukan. Saboda da kwana na harbi, za ka iya sa shigarwa na 20 m daga bangon ɗakin, ba matsakaicin kwana da kuma buga da abokan gaba, wanda ya riƙi mafaka a hayin ginin, to san abin da a "Tulip". Turmi, howitzer, ko a gun - mai fasaha lokaci ba kome a lokacin da bawo shẽwa, a kansa.

Lokacin amfani mahakar "Daredevil" ƙãra daidaito, buga dama a bakin kogon, inda abokan gaba da aka boye.

Manyan bindigogi - gunkin yaki

A cikin memoirs, da soja sau da yawa baƙin ciki cewa sun yi kadan manyan bindigogi, domin shi ne ba da isasshen. Tã bindigogi Oho be dame wahayi amincewa a nasu da kuma presses a cikin ƙasa, a zahiri da kuma alama da hankula na abokan gaba.

Kafa cikin "Tulip" har yanzu tsaye a sabis. Babu wani daga cikin kasashe ba su da wannan zamo rokoki. A kasashen Turai da kuma a cikin Amurka ya zamo bai wuce 120 mm.