Hydroid (jellyfish): tsarin, haifuwa, Physiology

A iri-iri na marine jinsunan da, cewa ba za su nan da nan 'yan adam za su iya karatu su a cikin gaba ɗayansa. Duk da haka, ko da wani dogon lokaci da kuma sanannun waje aquatics iya mamaki yau, iyalinsu fake fasali. Alal misali, an gano cewa, ya fi na kowa hydroid (jellyfish) ba zai mutu na tsufa. Da alama cewa wannan ne kawai dabba da aka sani a duniya, ya mallaka rashin mutuwa.

Janar ilimin halittar jiki

Hydroid jellyfish nasa ne da coelenterate type, aji hydroid. Waɗannan su ne mafi kusa zumunta na polyps, amma sun kasance mafi rikitarwa. Kila kowa da kowa ne Masani game da yadda za a kama wani jellyfish - m ƙafafun, umbrellas ko karrarawa. Suna iya samun wani zobe-dimbin yawa constriction a tsakiyar na jiki ko na zama a cikin siffar wani ball. Medusa yana da wani bakin, amma akwai baka proboscis. Wasu mutane da har ma kadan m tentacles a gefuna.

A tsarin narkewa kamar na jellyfish aka kira gastrovascular. Bã su da ciki, daga abin da ya periphery na jiki tashi hudu radial tashar, sunã gudãna a cikin wani na kowa annular tashar.

Tentacles tare da harbin Kwayoyin located a kan wannan laima jiki gefuna, suka bauta kamar yadda biyu a azanci shine sashen touch, da kuma wani kayan farauta. A kwarangwal ya bace, amma akwai tsokoki da cewa yin jellyfish motsa. Wasu subspecies na tentacles da kuma canza kama zuwa statolith statocysts - gabobin da ma'auni. A Hanyar motsi dogara da irin, to abin da nasa ne a takamaiman hydroid (jellyfish). Sake bugun da kuma gina su ma bambanta.

Juyayi tsarin hydromedusae ne cibiyar sadarwa na sel da suke a gefen da laima nau'i biyu zobba: wani waje cajin m, ciki - na motsi. Wasu suna da haske-m idanu, located a kan filaye na tentacles.

Nau'in hydroid jellyfish

Subclasses cewa suna da mafi kyau balance gabobin - statocysts kira trahilidami. Su motsawa ta cikin fitar ruwa daga laima. Su ma suna da wani ze tashi - mai zobe-dimbin yawa growths a ciki gefen takaita fitarwa daga jiki kogo. Ya ƙara da cewa jellyfish gudun lokacin tuži.

Leptolidy hana statocyst, ko sun canza kama zuwa wani musamman vial, ciki wanda a can iya zama daya ko fiye statoliths. Su motsa a cikin ruwa ba sai mai amsawa saboda su laima ba za a iya rage kuma sau da yawa m.

Akwai har yanzu medusoid hydrocorals, amma su ne underdeveloped da kuma kadan kama to talakawa jellyfish.

Chondrophores rayuwa a cikin manyan mazauna. Ɓangare na da polyps vypochkovyvaet jellyfish cewa rayuwa a kan nasu.

Siphonophores - hydroid (jellyfish), tsarin wanda shine sabon abu da kuma ban sha'awa. Yana da wani dukan mallaka, a cikin abin da kowane aikin da rawar a cikin aiki na dukan kwayoyin. Outwardly, shi kama da wannan: a saman babban kumfa iyo a cikin nau'i na jirgin ruwan. Ya na da gland da cewa samar da wani gas da cewa taimaka wajen taso kan ruwa zuwa saman. Idan siphonophores son koma zurfi a cikin - shi kawai hūta your murdede jiki kusa. A karkashin kumfa a cikin akwati na sauran da ake located a cikin hanyar kananan jellyfish iyo karrarawa, bi gastrozoidy (ko dayansu), sa'an nan gonofory wanda nufi - procreation.

haifuwa

Hydroid jellyfish ne namiji ko mace. Hadi sau da yawa yakan faru a waje, maimakon a ciki da mace ta jiki. Gonads jellyfish located ko dai a baka ectoderm proboscis, ko ectoderm laima a karkashin radial tashoshi.

Balagagge jima'i Kwayoyin suna waje na samuwar musamman karya. Next, sun fara karya up, kafa blastula, da wani yanki daga abin da Kwayoyin sa'an nan retracts ciki. A sakamakon haka ne wani indodem. A cikin shakka daga kara raya wani yawan ta Kwayoyin degenerates samar da wata rami. Shi ne a wannan mataki na kwan da ya hadu, tsutsa zama planuly sa'an nan settles a kan kasa, inda shi ne tuba zuwa cikin gidropolip. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa ya fara toho sabon polyps da kananan meduzok. Sa'an nan kuma suna girma da kuma tasowa a matsayin m kwayoyin. A wasu jinsunan planul kafa kawai medusae.

Bambancin da hadi dogara a kan abin da type, nau'in ko subspecies ne da mulkin hydroid (jellyfish). Physiology da haifuwa, kazalika da tsarin, daban-daban.

Inda suke zaune

Mafiya yawa jinsunan rayuwa a cikin tẽku, shi ne yawa rarer su ne a ruwa tare. Found su zama a Turai, Amurka, Afrika, da Asiya, da kuma Australia. Suna iya bayyana a greenhouse tankuna, da kuma wucin gadi Wuraren. Ina polyps da hydroids a matsayin batu a duniya, har sai da kimiyya ne m.

Siphonophores, chondrophores, hydrocorals, trahilidy rayuwa na musamman a cikin teku. Kawai leptolid za a iya samu a sabo ruwa. Amma m da kuma wakilan daga gare su akwai da yawa kasa fiye da a teku.

Kowane jinsunan jellyfish daukan ta mazauninsu, misali, kowane musamman teku, lake ko bay. Yana iya fadada kawai da motsi na ruwa, musamman da jellyfish ba kama sabon yankuna. Wasu karin kamar sanyi, yayin da wasu - zafi. Suna iya zama kusa da surface ko a zurfin. A karshen ne ba peculiar to hijirarsa, da farko yin haka domin a sami abinci, da barin rana zurfi a cikin ruwa shafi, da kuma da dare ta hanyar hawa zuwa sama sake.

hanyar rayuwa

A ƙarni na farko a cikin rayuwar sake zagayowar na hydroid - a polyp. Na biyu - hydroid jellyfish tare da m jiki. Kamar yadda irin wannan shi ya sa mai karfi da ci gaban mesogloea. Yana gelled kuma ƙunshi ruwa. Shi ne saboda yana da wuya a ganin jellyfish a cikin ruwa. Hydroids saboda da canzawa na haifuwa da kuma gaban daban-daban da al'ummomi suna rayayye rarraba a cikin yanayi.

Jellyfish cinye abinci zooplankton. The larvae wasu jinsunan ciyar a kan kifi qwai da kuma toya. Amma a lokaci guda su kansu wani bangare ne na abinci sarkar.

Hydroid (jellyfish), wata hanya ce ta rayuwa, a gaskiya, kishin abinci, yawanci sosai hanzari, amma, ba shakka, bai kai irin rabbai kamar yadda stsifoidy. Yawanci, da diamita daga cikin laima hydroid ba wucewa 30 cm na babban gasa -. Planktivorous kifi.

Hakika, su ne yara, da kuma masu quite kawo hadari ga mutane. All jellyfish da harbin Kwayoyin, wanda ake amfani da lokacin farauta.

Mene ne bambanci hydroids daga stsifoidov

A morphological siffofin ne da gaban da ze tashi. Stsifoidy ba ka da shi. Sun ayan zama yawa ya fi girma, kuma rayuwa na musamman a cikin teku, da tekuna. Arctic tsianeya a diamita har zuwa 2 m, amma ta dafin harbin Kwayoyin kawai iya sa babbar cutar da mutane. Girma zuwa babban size stsifoidam taimaka fiye hydroids, yawan radial tashoshi gastrovascular. Kuma wasu iri jellyfish an cinye ta mutum.

Akwai bambanci a cikin irin motsi - hydroids yanke tsagi kamar yadda a tushe na laima da stsifoidy - cikakken kararrawa. A karshe daina tentacles da azanci shine gabobin. Kila ne ma daban-daban, tun can stsifoidov tsoka da jijiya nama. Su ne ko da yaushe iri guda ba, ba su da vegetative haifuwa da mazauna. Wannan guda.

Scyphomedusae ne mamaki da kyau - ba za su iya zama na launi daban-daban, da fringes a gefuna da m siffar mai kararrawa. Yana da wadannan abõkan ruwan sama heroines na TV shirye-shirye game da teku, da kuma teku dabbobi.

Hydroid jellyfish m

Ba haka ba da dadewa, masana kimiyya ya gano cewa da cnidarian jellyfish turitopsis nutrikula da wani ban mamaki ikon zamu juya. Wannan irin ba ya mutu a halitta mutuwa! Yana iya gudu kamar yadda sau da dama kamar yadda farfadowa inji. Zai ze cewa duk abin da yake mai sauqi qwarai - ya kai ga tsũfa, da jellyfish jũya bãya a cikin wani polyp da ya wuce duk matakai na balaga sake. Kuma haka cikin da'irar.

Nutrikula kawaici a cikin Caribbean, kuma yana da sosai kananan size - diamita ta umbrella of 5 mm.

Gaskiyar cewa jellyfish hydroid m, zama da aka sani da hatsari. Scientist Fernando Boero daga Italiya karatu hydroids da kuma gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da su. Mutane da yawa ba turitopsis nutrikula aka sanya shi a cikin wani akwatin kifaye, amma kwarewa saboda wasu dalilai da aka jinkirta domin irin wannan dogon lokaci, da ruwa ya bushe. Boero, gano shi, ya yanke shawarar karatu da bushe saura, kuma na gane cewa ba su mutu ba, amma kawai ya jefa tentacles da kuma zama larvae. Saboda haka, jellyfish saba da m muhalli yanayi da kuma zakuklilals a jira na fi sau. Bayan da larvae sanya shi a cikin ruwa sun zama polyps rai sake zagayowar ya fara.

M wakilan hydroid jellyfish

A mafi kyau view ake kira da Portuguese mutum (siphonophores Physalia) kuma yana daya daga cikin mafiya hatsari teku tãlikai. Its kararrawa shimmers a launi daban-daban, kamar atawa mata, amma su kusanci da shi ba da shawarar. Physalia za a iya samu a tekun na Australia, da Pacific da kuma Indian tekuna, da kuma ko da a cikin Rum. Wata kila wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girma a jinsunan hydroids - kumfa tsawon iya zama 15-20 cm Amma mafi munin abu - .. Yana ta tentacles, wanda zai iya tafiya zuwa zurfin 30 m Physalia farautar abincinsu tare da m harbin Kwayoyin cewa bar mai tsanani konewa. Shi ne musamman kawo hadari ga hadu da wani jirgin Portuguese mutanen da suka raunana na rigakafi da tsarin, akwai wani hali da rashin lafiyan halayen.

A general, da hydroid jellyfish ne m, sabanin yan'uwansu mata stsifoidov. Amma kullum da shi ne mafi alhẽri a kauce wa lamba tare da wani wakilin jinsunan. Dukan su mallaki harbin Kwayoyin. Ga wani zã su jũya dafin ba matsala, kuma wani zai cutar da mafi tsanani. All ya dogara da mutum.