Hydrolysis ra'ayi. Na lamba halaye na aiwatar: hydrolysis m da kuma digiri na hydrolysis

By hydrolysis na salts da ake nufi da dauki tsakanin ruwa da kwayoyin da kwayoyin na narkar da salts. A sakamakon irin wannan dauki suna kafa little- barranta fili. A tsari na iya faruwa ba tare da kawai salts, amma a yanayin saukan gaban a cikin ruwa na sauran solutes - carbohydrates, sunadarai, fats, ko esters. Numerically, da dauki biyu yawa ana amfani - mataki na hydrolysis (β) da kuma salts hydrolysis m (K [i]).

A dauki mafi yawa ana lura da canji a cikin na farko bayani acidity. Maimakon Organic sauran ƙarfi (ruwa) za a iya amfani da wani sauran ƙarfi daga wani irin. Duk da haka, a cikin wannan yanayin da dauki tsakanin sauran ƙarfi da kuma gishiri ake kira solvolysis.

Yana da muhimmanci a san cewa da hannu a cikin hydrolysis na kawai ne ga waɗanda salts da aka samu daga cikin aka gyara daga rauni sansanonin da kuma acid. Salts samu daga karfi acid da kwasfanta, da hydrolysis dauki ba fallasa.

Domin fahince aiwatar da kwarara ɗayansa,, yana amfani da wani musamman definition - digiri na hydrolysis (β). A mataki na hydrolysis kayyade zumunta girma na maida hankali kwayoyin cewa hydrolyze (C [na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa]) zuwa ga asali (source) yana maida hankali ne narkar da gishiri (C [.Ya ce.]). Shifran wannan za a iya bayyana ta da wadannan lissafi: β = C [na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa] / C [.Ya ce.].

Da har na dauki dogara a kan uku dalilai:

- yanayin da ions cewa yin up da gishiri.

- da gishiri taro na ions.

- bayani zazzabi.

A mataki na hydrolysis o ƙarin tabbatar da kara tare da rage daga cikin dissociation m da rauni acid ko tushe, kazalika da rage mataki na gishiri taro da kuma kara yawan zafin jiki.

A dauki na iya faruwa a appreciable har kawai a tsarma mafita. Saboda haka, idan darajar C [H20] yana da wani kamar m darajar, to, ya zama zai yiwu yin lissafi da wanda aka samu darajar K [i] (ko hydrolysis m). Dangane da zumunta Properties na acid da kuma sansanonin sojin daga wanda salts ana kafa, hydrolysis na iya faruwa ta hanyar daya daga uku na makirci, kuma haka wani m gishiri hydrolysis da aka lasafta daban.

Hydrolysis na salts da aka samu sassa na wani karfi acid da kuma wani rauni tushe (wanda kuma ake kira tsari - by cation hydrolysis)

hydrolysis m ne m da wadannan dabara: K [i] = K [W] / K [tushe], inda K [W] - sakamakon da ion samfurin na ruwa (C [H] + C [OH (-)]).

Daga cikin hydrolysis m magana da shi za a iya gani cewa tare da wani karu a gindi tilasta wani karuwa a cikin dabi'u na constants na hydrolysis da kuma, Saboda haka, mataki na hydrolysis. Bi da bi, da mataki na hydrolysis o ƙarin tabbatar da kara tare da ragewa tushe ƙarfi ne, kuma mataki na maida hankali na salts a cikin bayani. Kara dauki zazzabi da kuma qara hydrolysis constants kuma mafi girma dabi'u na digiri na hydrolysis.

Hydrolysis na salts da suke Kalam na mai karfi tushe da kuma mai rauni acid (kuma aka sani da tsari - hydrolysis da anion)

Hydrolysis m aka lasafta ta yin amfani da wadannan dabara: K [i] = K [W] / K [acid] inda darajar K [acid] - ne dissociation m ga mai rauni acid.

Hydrolysis na salts da suke Kalam na wani rauni tushe da kuma mai rauni acid (wani sunan - hydrolysis na cations da anions)

A wannan yanayin, da hydrolysis m dabi'u za a ƙaddara dissociation m na rauni tushe da kuma raunana acid. Yana da aka lasafta ta da wadannan dabara: K [i] = K [W] / K [acid] * K [tushe].

Ma'ana hydrolysis

A halayen da ke faruwa a cikin hydrolysis tsari ne yadu a yi amfani da zamani masana'antu tafiyar matakai. Alal misali, irin wannan dauki da ake amfani da su tsarkake ruwa daga cutarwa admixtures da coarsely tarwatsa colloidal jerin. A saboda wannan dalili musamman hazo hydroxides na baƙin ƙarfe ne da aluminum, samu ta hanyar da hydrolysis na ferric sulfate, ferric chloride da aluminum sulfate.

Hydrolysis - shi ne wani muhimmin ɓangare na aiwatar da narkewa daga rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a duniya. Mafi yawan makamashi zama dole ga wanzuwar kwayoyin, aka adana a matsayin adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Kadaici da makamashi na faruwa ne ta wani tsari da ta shafi hydrolysis na ATP.