Ilimin halayyar matsayin kimiyya: babban kwatance na ci gaba da kuma na yanzu trends.

Al'ummar da muke rayuwa, kiwata da yawa tambayoyi game da ma'anar rayuwa, game da Sanadin wadanda ko kuma sauran dangi da al'amarin rayuwa. Ilimin halayyar matsayin kimiyya da al'umma, da dokokin ta ci gaba, dangantaka da jama'a da kuma zamantakewa cibiyoyin tara tunani da ra'ayoyin falsafa, yan siyasa, malamai, masana kimiyya, da marubuta da kuma 'yan wasu rassan kimiyya da ilmi ba.

Ilimin halayyar matsayin kimiyya daban-daban daga sauran ilimomin kimiyyar zamantakewa, aikace-aikace na da hanyoyin kimiyya da nazarin jama'a, gagarumin m aikace-aikace na sociological bincike a cikin aiki na al'umma.

A Rasha, kai tsaye sociological ka'idar fara nunawa daga tsakiyar karni na sha tara. Ilimin halayyar matsayin kimiyya tasowa a daban-daban kwatance, wanda ya samar da da kimiyya makarantu. A cikin bincike na tarihin al'umma, da tsarin, da ƙayyadaddu na ci gaba da zamantakewa gami, sociologists zabar daban-daban janar kimiyya fuskanci: alƙaluma, m, kungiyar, al'adu da sauransu.

Ya kamata a lura cewa a ko'ina cikin lokaci na ci gaba da Rasha ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a, a kan samuwar sociological Concepts da theories sun rinjayi ayyukan Yammacin sociologists. Wadannan sun hada da kafa da ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a na Comte, wanda buga da Kalmar "ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a", manufar "tsarin", barata mataki na tarihi ci gaba. Babu kasa m for Rasha ilimin halayyar zaman ideas sun Emile Durkheim, Max Weber. Kuma Karla Marksa rubuce-rubucen sun zama muhimman hakkokin ga siyasa akidar Rasha domin kusan semideyatiletnego tarihi lokaci. Duk da haka, za mu iya magana da hulda da Rasha da kuma kasashen yammacin ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a. Rasha sociologists NY Danilevsky, NK St. Michael, PL Lavrov, VI Lenin, GV Plekhanov, PA Sorokin sanya wani gagarumin taimako ga duniya na sociological tunani.

Daga cikin mafi kowa yankunan da ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a na zama ruwan dare zamantakewa falsafa. Ya dogara ne a kan search for duniya dokokin na zamantakewa da ci gaban. A tsakiyar ra'ayin wanda kusata da wakilan daban-daban trends a cikin wannan yanki (Spengler, Toynbee, N.Danilevky, Sorokin), shi ne ra'ayin al'adu-tarihi iri al'ummu, wadda ake bisa al'adun al'ummai daban-daban (misali, Masar, Kaldiyawa, Girkanci, Roman, Maya al'adu, Rasha Siberian, Slavic, Yahudawa da sauransu). Wasu sociologists bayar da shawarar da rashin yiwuwar dogon lokaci Gwamuwar da daban-daban al'adu cewa dole ne a ci gaba a kan wani mutum hanya.

Wani shugabanci na ci gaban ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a - Markisanci - hadawa conflictological ka'idar, dangane da tattalin arziki da gwagwarmaya, da akida adawa na daban-daban na zamantakewa kungiyoyin. Marxism a matsayin fassara ta Lenin da magoya bayan taka babbar rawa a cikin tarihi ci gaban Rasha.

A yammacin ilimin halayyar zaman tsaya neo-Markisanci (Jamus, shekaru 30 na karni na ashirin). Ƙiyayyar mutum daga cikin tunani da akida na negation, neo-Markisanci a zamani ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a ta riki ra'ayin rashin yiwuwar kawar da rikice-rikice tsakanin zamantakewa kungiyoyin: gwagwarmayar ikon, ga shugabancin ruhaniya, kishi a cikin redistribution na samun kudin shiga, wadda ne babban Sanadin ci gaban al'umma.

Modern ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a a matsayin kimiyya da aka rayayye kafa a karkashin shugabanci na wani technocratic, quite rare a yammacin kuma m sociological da'irori. Daya daga cikin dabarun zamani ne duniya na zamani ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a. Net kasafi na kasashen Turai da Amurka Lines na ci gaba sociological kimiyya, ta bayyana kanta a tsakiyar karni na ashirin, shi rubs kashe a seodnyashny rana. Human matsaloli tilasta sociologists su shiga sojojin. A gefe guda shi ne bayyananne cewa juyin halitta kuma Konfliktologichesky manufa na zamantakewa da ci gaban yana da wani wuri a cikin tarihi. Saboda haka, hadewa da daban-daban sociological theories zama wani haƙiƙa larura a cikin ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a na ci gaba. Babu shakka cewa ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a na muhimmancin da ci gaban zamani al'umma ne mai girma. Yana yana da wani tasiri a kan jama'a ra'ayi, siyasa yanke hukunci.

A tsarin na zamani ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a suna rayayye tasowa daban-daban rassan sociological ilimi: ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a da matasa, ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a na kungiyoyi, ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a na ilimi, ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a na addini da sauransu.