Inda kuma yadda ake samar neurohormones? Mene ne neurohormones da kuma abin da suke su ayyuka?

Tsarin da kuma ayyukan da endocrine gland yin nazarin kimiyya, kamar yadda endocrinology. Horo ma ta binciko daban-daban iri iri na ji ba gani, da hulda, da hanyar da samuwar da tasiri a jiki.

Mene ne wani hormone?

Wannan connection, shigar da jini da kuma shiga cikin daban-daban gabobin ta hanyar da shi. Saboda da aiki daga cikin wadannan abubuwa da aka rage ko kara aiki na sauran Kwayoyin, ake magana a kai a matsayin hari. Hormones, ta hanyar da tasiri a kusan duk suna da muhimmanci ayyuka na jikin mutum. A taro na mahadi samar dogara ne a kan daban-daban dalilai. A musamman, da muhimmanci lokaci na rana, shekara, wani tunanin da kuma yanayin jiki. A hormones shiga cikin jini kamar yadda ya cancanta, da kuma shafe ta daga jiki a sãkẽwa fom in kananan kundin ta hanyar da bile ko fitsari. Akwai daban-daban na mahadi, wanda da mafi ko karami har da tasiri a kan mutum yanayin. Wasu daga cikin su ne neurohormones. Wadannan mahadi aka samar a cikin wani yanki na kwakwalwa. Mene ne wadannan abubuwa? A matsayin hanyar neurohormones? Wane tasiri za su yi a kan tsarin a cikin jiki? A wannan daga baya.

Overview

Kafin mu gano inda kuma yadda za a samar da neurohormones, ya kamata su sani daga abin da waɗannan abubuwa a duk. A definition kanta tana Greek asalinsu. An zahiri fassara a matsayin neuron (jijiya) + hormaino (sa, propel). Mene ne neurohormones? Wannan ilimin aiki peptide fili. Sun zo a cikin pituitary gland shine yake da shirya ta aiki. Neurohormone sake ta hypothalamus. Saboda aiki da batun mahadi Magana endocrine da kuma juyayi tsarin da juna. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa neurosecretory Kwayoyin da musamman ji na ƙwarai to neurotransmitters aiki - mahadi wanda aika da bugun jini zuwa wani aiki memba na jijiya ƙarewa. Saboda haka, su hallara kara da tsari na aiki da endocrine gland a lokacin da ci gaba da kuma ci gaban da kwayoyin.

rarrabuwa

A wannan rukuni, kungiyoyin biyu na mahadi. Na farko shi ne liberiny. Wadannan abubuwa suna da wani sakamako haramta motsa a kan samar da pituitary Tropic asĩri. A wannan kungiya, musamman, da kuma hada corticotropin thyroliberin, folliberin, lyuliberin, somatoliberin, melanoliberin, prolaktoliberin. Na biyu kungiyar netsyrogormonov - statins. Wadannan kayayyakin soednieniya rage Tropic pituitary asĩri. A wannan kungiya, musamman hada somatostatin, kuma melanostatin prolaktostatin. Bisa ga sakamakon da karatu, da aiki na neurohormones na hypothalamus ba a iyakance ga kawai ruri, ko hanawa na samar da ilimin aiki mahadi Tropic. A abubuwa suna da ikon shafar biosynthesis tafiyar matakai.

A wadda yankunan ne da za'ayi wajen samar?

Yana da aka ce a sama cewa samar da wadannan mahadi a cikin mutane ne da za'ayi a cikin wani yanki na kwakwalwa. Samuwar wadannan abubuwa ya auku biyu a vertabrate kuma a kwaro. Inda kuma yadda neurohormones ake samar a wasu kwayoyin? A vertabrate da hannu a cikin mugunya na pineal gland shine yake pinealocytes abubuwa chromaffin nama a cikin adrenal medulla, ganglia da jijiya kututturan paraganglia autonomic da kuma na gefe m tsarin. A secretory granules neurohormones yawanci kisa ga m sunadarai.

wasu fasaloli

Ba kamar da na gargajiya nau'i na jijiya Kwayoyin, wanda nuna sinadaran riwayar jijiyar - shiga tsakani, neurosecretory Kwayoyin nuna a cikin cytoplasm (a rare lokuta, a cikin nucleus din) takamaiman fili. Wadannan mahadi an bambanta da farko ta jijiya endings (tashoshi) a cikin jini, hemolymph, cerebrospinal ruwa da nama. Neurohormones da gudãnar sakamako a kan ayyuka na visceral gabobin (endocrine gland, musamman) da kuma tsakiya m tsarin.

Mene ne ayyuka na neurosecretory Kwayoyin? Da ayyukan da wadannan abubuwa da aka sarrafawa da na gargajiya neurons. Su axons kafa mahara synapses a jiki da kuma appendages neurosecretory Kwayoyin cewa suna da ikon samar da wani mataki m da baza na bugun jini tare da axons.

The location da kuma maida hankali

Sanin daidai inda kuma yadda za a samar da neurohormones, kamata la'akari da su rarraba a cikin juyayi tsarin. A kwaro ƙananan kwayoyin sadarwa suna rarraba diffusely. Phylogenetically nuna natsuwa neurosecretory cell jikuna a cikin Game da cibiyoyin. Saboda haka, akwai jari na crustaceans a X-jiki, da kuma a cikin kwari, misali, a prototserebrume. A lokaci guda akwai neyrogemalnye jikinsu da kuma neurosecretory hanya. A vertabrate latest mayar da hankali a wannan yanki na diencephalon (da ma kifi a cikin caudal yankin na laka - urofize). A sakamakon haka, kafa biyu main neurosecretory tsarin: caudal (kifi kawai) da kuma hypothalamic-pituitary.

matakai na bunkasa

Inda kuma yadda ake samar neurohormones? Kira na mahadi alaka m sunadarai, yana da za'ayi a kan ribosome. Jari na faruwa a cikin tubules na endoplasmic reticulum. Elementary katsin karshe kafa a Golgi hadaddun. Wadannan aka gyara, wanda diamita ne daga 50 zuwa 500 nm da lipoprotein ambulan. An rabu da electron-m cibiyar. Ya, bi da bi, ƙunshi wani m gina jiki da kuma wani neurohormone. Motsi da granules aka kwashe wajen axons. Wasu axons a lamba tare da capillaries a neurohypophysis. Wasu - tare da glandular Kwayoyin a cikin adenohypophysis (yafi ta tsaka-tsaki rabo). A kifi, da axons na caudal neurosecretory tsarin halitta aksoventrikulyarnye lambobi. Direct selection abun ciki na granules ne da za'ayi a cikin contact database da exocytosis ko Kalam neyrogemalnyh jikinsu, precapillary intercellular sarari kuma a cikin rata a matakin kwayoyin.

zai yiwu Pathology

Neurohormones suna da hannu a rike hemostasis (ruwa da gishiri, da dai sauransu), daban-daban al'amurran da metabolism, tsari na m tsoka sautin. Bugu da kari, saboda su aiki tabbatar barga aiki na abubuwa da endocrine gland. Yana kuma dauke da aiki na peptide mahadi taimaka wa m, kuma Na'urar halayen da kwayoyin. Shigar da hemolymph cikin cerebrospinal ruwa ko nama, suna da dogon m gudãnar sakamako. A cikin hali na tsanani take hakki na na ayyuka na hypothalamus da kuma samar da, bi da bi, hypothalamic neurohormones, akwai disturbances a samar da hormones a cikin pituitary gland shine yake da sauran endocrine gland. Mutumin fara samar da dama cututtuka na endocrine tsarin. A musamman, wadannan sun hada da hypothalamic-pituitary insufficiency, Cushing ta cuta, acromegaly, hypothyroidism da sauran magunguna.