Brass - mai jan gami abun da ke ciki na tagulla ...

Wannan gami shi ne kama da zinariya, amma yana da yawa mai rahusa. Da aka sani a zamanin d Roma, amma sake bude a cikin XVIII karni. Hada biyu m Properties na sinadaran abubuwa, tagulla ya samu mai fadi da aikace-aikace filin.

tsarin

Duk da daraja launi da kuma bayyanar, tagulla - wani jan-tutiya gami, zinariya ko wasu masu daraja karafa a can. Bugu da kari a wadannan biyu aka gyara, don inganta physicochemical dũkiyarsu da kuma sauran abubuwa suna amfani: .. Manganese, da kuza, da baƙin ƙarfe, silicon, nickel, gubar, da dai sauransu Kullum, da rabo daga wadannan impurities ba fiye da 10%. Sauran tagulla abun da ke ciki fiye ko žasa m, ko da yake da rabo daga gyara su iya bambanta. Kullum da tutiya ciki bai wuce 30-35%, amma da rabo fasaha gami iya isa har zuwa 50%.

Properties

Tun da tagulla - shi ne wani gami da tagulla tare da tutiya da ta sifofin da suke da halaye. Dangane da bangaren rabo, da launi dabam daga ja zuwa haske rawaya. Its yawa ne 8500 kg / m ^3, da kuma narkewa zafin jiki ne 880-950 digiri Celsius. Brass da kyau abar kulawa da matsa lamba a cikin zafi da kuma a cikin sanyi jihar, yana da kyau inji halaye, ya sãɓa da waje yanayi, amma ba tare da shafi jũya baki a kan lokaci. Brass da kuma jan ba ko da yaushe sauki bambanta daga juna ta wani ba gwani, duk da haka shi yana da farko taurin, sa juriya, shi ne kasa tsaurin, amma mafi malleable da kuma danko sosai, sabili da haka sauki don aiwatar. Dangane da tushe karfe abun ciki, daban-daban thermal da lantarki watsin da tagulla - fiye da da rabo ne mafi girma, mafi pronounced wadannan kaddarorin.

The darajar a tarihi

Duk da cewa mafi shahara da kuma mafi muhimmanci gami da jan karfe - mai tagulla, tagulla kuma taka rawar gani a tarihi. Duk da cewa ta biyu kuriyar - tutiya - ya bude kawai a cikin XVI karni, shi aka sani a zamanin da. Romawa alloyed jan galmeem - tama, amma wannan hanya ne aka rabu amfani. Secondary tagulla da aka bude a Ingila a cikin XVIII karni da kuma sauri tsiwirwirinsu Popularity domin shi ne ainihin reminiscent na zinariya, ga abin da shi ne sau da yawa ci amanar. A Rasha, wannan gami ne sau da yawa ake kira "rawaya jan". Ko a yanzu, a wasu wuraren za ka iya samun sunan.

Bayan da "na biyu haihuwa" ga tagulla crucibles amfani a cikin abin da suka ci gaba a yawan zafin jiki zuwa 1000 digiri Celsius. Tutiya da jan biyu da aka cikakken, kuma idan babu najasa, sa'an nan da fitarwa ne ake bukata sakamakon. Products sanya wannan gami da aka yi amfani da yadu saboda ta low farashin da kaddarorin da aka yarda. Af, duk da cewa na dogon lokaci a cikin littattafan tarihi rubuta cewa abin tunawa ga Minin da Pozharsky a Moscow, jefa a tagulla, restorers ce cewa a gaskiya an yi shi da wani daban-daban gami da tagulla - tagulla. Yau, wannan abu shi ne har yanzu da yawa aikace-aikace, don haka ya cancanci amfani da kuma duniya maye akwai, watakila nan da nan.

liyafar

Kamar yadda ta bayyana, tagulla - shi ne wani gami da tagulla tare da tutiya da (idan ya cancanta) da wasu sauran gyara, amma akwai daya kananan matsala. Musamman wannan wahala da rashin jin dadin a sayar da samar. Gaskiyar cewa narkewa batu na raba tutiya da jan bambanta da yawa, don haka za a sassauta matsalar da samun gami da aka kara wa ligature - karamin adadin na ƙãre abun da ke ciki.

Kara aiki ya dogara da ake so sakamakon. A gami da aka kara wa sauran gyara, aka doped, ƙulli, dimbin yawa, da sauransu. D. Duk da dukan matsaloli, duniya samarwa da kuma amfani da wannan samfurin ya zauna a wani babban matakin.

Nau'in da kuma matsayin

Da farko, rarrabe tsakanin aikata da simintin tagulla. Gost samar da zaman dakuna domin su: 15527-07 da 17711-93 bi da bi. A Rasha alama gami a matsayin "L" da lambar, wanda ya nuna da rabo daga tagulla. Idan, duk da haka, da yawa aka gyara, sakamakon da aka sa alama iya duba wani abu, kamar wannan: LAZhMts66-6-3-2. Wannan zai nufin cewa, ban da 66% jan karfe, wannan alama hada 6% aluminum, 3% baƙin ƙarfe da kuma 2% manganese. Da rabo daga tutiya da aka lasafta a matsayin bambanci tsakanin 100% da adadin sauran abubuwa. A wannan yanayin da 23%. By misalin sunayen da sauran iri tagulla. Wadannan Additives damar gami don saya sabon Properties kuma inganta data kasance mãsu girmansu. Dangane da shigar da tagulla na daban-daban abubuwa, fiye kira a matsayin ta aluminum, silicon, kuma zhelezomargantsovistoy m. P.

A kasashen Turai da kuma Amurka soma wasu sunayen brands kamar CuZn37 ko S27200. da rabo daga impurities ma dabam dan kadan amma a general da abun da ke ciki na tagulla daga daban-daban masana'antun isasshe uniform.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, dangane da tutiya abun ciki a cikin gami shi ne ma fitaccen tombak (10%) kuma polutompaki (daga 10% zuwa 20%). Amma duk da haka, wani lokacin wasu brands saya lakabi, daidai da ikon yinsa, daga cikin muhimman amfani. Saboda haka bambanta a "teku", "sa'a" da kuma wasu sauran tagulla.

aikace-aikace

Areas na yin amfani da wannan gami ba ya ƙidaya. A zumunta cheapness da kuma sauƙi na aiki, kazalika da da kaddarorin damar tagulla zama kusan duniya. Ta ja a cikin waya da kuma sanduna, ƙulli a cikin zanen gado na shi ya sa har ma da thinnest tsare.

Bututu, ƙanana da manyan sassa, kayan aiki, bawuloli - shi ne a yi amfani da masana'antu na mota, kayan aiki, sunadarai, kuma shi ake amfani a cikin yi da daban-daban na ado abubuwa, insignia, da dai sauransu Wadannan ne kawai a takaice jerin ... Shi ne duk kewaye da mu, kuma a gaskiya tagulla - mai jan gami da tutiya - fairly na kowa abubuwa. Saboda haka, watakila, ta universality da kuma amfani da duk kawai a hannunka.

A cikin kayan ado kasuwanci

A mafi yawa ana zaci cewa kayan ado ya kamata a yi na karafa masu daraja zinariya, da azurfa, platinum. Amma Fashion nasu dokoki, da kuma ya kasance na wani lokaci a lokacin da rana, da yawa mata fi son wani m kayan ado. Brass, da launi na wanda yake kusa da zinariya, a wannan yanayin, shi ne makawa. Bugu da kari, shi lends kanta daidai goge, don haka abin da ya dace abun da ke ciki da kuma iyawa mai yin kayan ado kayan ado, Ya sanya daga gami, za a iya duba da kyau sosai, kuma tsada. Saboda haka cewa laymen ba su ma zargin cewa shi ne, ba da zinariya, da tagulla. Hotuna yawanci kawai ba kai da kyau na finely aikata kayayyakin, don haka shi ne mafi alhẽri a zabi irin wannan kayan ado a cikin mutum.

Sai ya faru da cewa Ladies sha saboda nasaba da irritations. A duban farko shi iya ze cewa dukan laifi ne tagulla. Amma kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi ne ba. A mafi yawan lokuta, a pathological dauki nickel, wanda ya sa da launi da kuma sauran bayyanar gami shi ne yafi kyau bayyanar. Idan akwai wani hali da alerji zuwa karafa ne mafi alhẽri a zabi kayan ado, da wani ɓangare na abin da ba su da wannan bangaren. Yawanci, masana'antun saka wannan dabam.

analogs

Tun da tagulla - shi ne wani gami da jan karfe da kuma tutiya, a cikinta akwai mafi farko, kuma zai iya bayyana cewa tsarki karafa (kowane dabam) da mafi alhẽri Properties, amma irin wannan cakuduwa da ake amfani da su rage kudin da kayan. A gaskiya shi ne, ba haka. Copper a tsarkake fom yana da disadvantages kamar rashin zaman lafiya a lalata, m ductility idan aka kwatanta da gami da tutiya da kuma musamman m. Brass organically hadawa da mafi kyau Properties na biyu aka gyara vzavimokompensiruya disadvantages.

Sauran jan gami - tagulla, cupronickel, da dai sauransu - .. Shin kuma ba zai yiwu ba ga cikakken kira analogues. A farko kasa roba da kuma mafi m, yayin da na biyu abu ne quite tsaurin kuma saboda nickel abun ciki zai iya sa fata hangula. Bugu da kari, da waje halaye ma daura for farko wuri tagulla. Launi kama da zinariya, ya kafa kansa a keɓe daga ba ma m ruwan kasa da tagulla, da silvery nickel azurfa.

kasuwannin duniya

Masana'antu samar da tagulla fara kusan nan da nan bayan ta sake bude. Gamsuwa da ta musamman Properties, metallurgists suka fara samar da sabon Trend a cikin masana'antun. Yau, da samar da amfani da tagulla dogara sun fi mayar a kan jihar na duniya da jan kasuwar. Its kwari girma yana dalilin yi imani da cewa da bukatar gami har fall. Bugu da ƙari, tsinkaya game da nan gaba na wadannan masana'antu fiye da m, duk da matsaloli kamar wani raguwa a tama quality, rashin kayayyakin more rayuwa, zamantakewa da siyasa tashin hankali a cikin most kaya na jan karfe - Chile da kuma da dama a} asashen Afrika.

Babban masu amfani na jan karfe, tagulla, da haka suna ta fuskar tattalin arziki raya ƙasashe na Turai da kuma Amurka, China, Japan da sauransu. A cikin 'yan shekaru, da bukatar wadannan kayan ne kawai girma, da farko saboda da Asians. Bayan sanya wata katuwar tsalle a tsakiyar 2000s, farashin Cu zauna a wannan duk-lokaci high. Duk da haka, a shekarar 2016 shi ana sa ran lashe tayi, wanda shi ne wata ila don fararwa a dakushe farashin.