Izhevsk babur factory: kayayyakin, photos, lambobin sadarwa,

Rana babur da ranar haihuwa - 29 ga watan Agusta. A wannan rana a 1885 da Jamus da kuma m m, Gottlieb Daymer, ya gwada masa dabara na da fetur engine. A zane, wanda aka shigar da samfur engine ne biyu wheeled da koma briskly. Kamar wancan ne aka kirkiro da babur.

A Rasha, zamanin da babura fara daga baya. Izhevsk babur factory ya kasance shugaba a cikin masana'antu. Almara model na babura da kuma iya yanzu za a samu a kowane gari da kuma kauye na kasar. Manyan iyaka, da ikon gyara zahiri "a gwiwa" a wani gareji, high yi, low cost - magoya daga cikin iri babura iz iya nostalgically domin lissafa abubuwan da abũbuwan amfãni, kuma sami sabon dalilai domin Tarurrukan na samarwa.

A farko samfurin

Kokarin haifar da al'ada babur a Rasha ya fara tun kafin ma juyin juya hali, a 1913-14 shekaru. Yana shirya ya tattara haske daga Swiss model na sassa kan "Dux" factory (Moscow). Yana da shirin lalace yakin duniya na farko, kuma bayan da 1917 juyin juya halin. A gaba ƙoƙari, mafi nasara, aka sanya a 1924 karkashin iko da Design ofishin PN Lviv. Injiniyoyi sun iya tsara da kuma samar da a shekara ta 1925 model hur babur, ya kira shi "Union".

Yana da m, a lokacin da zane, da babban amfani da karfe Hijira 500 cubic mita da kuma bazara dakatar a kan raya wheel. Mass samar aka ba bi, da samfur ya wuce wasu gwaje-gwaje da kuma a cikin wannan yanayin ne a kan, saboda profile na "Dux" An gyara shuka. Don tsara da kuma kaddamar da samar da babura da m brands nasara a 1928. Dalili na shigarwa na ikon zama Izhstalzavod. Mun ci gaba da farko babur a cikin wani musamman aikata Office of babur, babban injiniya da kuma shugaban wanda shi ne almara zanen Peter Mozharov.

Fara a saman biyar

P. Mozharov ya cikin soyayya da babura da kuma 'yan qasar Izhevsk koma a Jamus swatch babura. A cikin biyayya ga Izhstalzavode bitar da aka bude, da kuma a shekara daya an halitta 5 fitina babura Il. Dukan su da aka gwada da kuma shirya domin gudu daga All-Union muhimmanci. A farko Soviet babur Il-1 ga duniya a kan Satumba 17 a shekara ta 1929, auna 300 kilo. Model murna da kuma halaye na farko babura:

• Il-1 da kuma Il-2. Yana da aka halitta auku a wuya hanyoyi na karkara. A kayan aiki - a-line engine tare da tukwanen gas guda biyu, karfe frame, high AMINCI, manual watsa gudu daga wanda ya canja sassa halitta odnobrusnaya m frame, wani babban da ya da haske, kuma yana da wasu sababbin abubuwa. Il-2 model - mai modernized Il-1. Amma a karshen na farko babur ya wani amfani, da muhimmanci ga kasar inda mai zaman kansa kai ya matsala. A Il-1 iya tafi hudu fasinjoji, biyu a kan babur da kuma biyu a cikin stroller.
• Il-3. Babban amfani da wannan tsari ba da "wanderer" alama engine wanda crankshaft ne transversely. Drive motsi na raya wheel (sarkar) aka sanya shi a cikin wani shãfe haske yadi cike da man fetur.
• Il-4. Yana da aka sanye take da wani biyu-bugun jini engine da guda Silinda lamba "kara" raya ƙafafun suna kore shaft. Wannan tsari shi ne lightest a saman biyar.
• Il-5, ko "abun da ke ciki." A zane amfani da babur raka'a lamba "Neander" ya kara ci gaba da gaban cokali mai yatsu, da samfur frame aka canza.

Gwaje-gwaje a kan hanya

The gabatar ya faru a kan babur motocross Union a 1929. A gasar da aka gudanar a karo na biyu a cikin tarihi. Il babura nasarar shawo kan hanya a 3300 kilomita, kuma sun iya fitar daga Izhevsk zuwa Moscow. Wadannan sakamakon na gasar, da Il-4 da samfurin da aka bada shawarar a taro samar. Amma, "Izhstalzavod" saboda workload bai iya fara serial samar. Mozharov tare da wani rukuni na designers koma Birnin Leningrad, inda ya fara aiki a kan gina wani haske babur iri L-300.

Prewar serial samarwa

Har thirties na taro babur samarwa a cikin Tarayyar Soviet ba, amma tambaya da Company shafin gani. Domin serial samar babura da aka bukata ba kawai taro shuke-shuke da wani factory inda kerarre duk sassa, da kayayyakin aiki, inda akwai ma'aikata ta ikon jimre da matsaloli a dukkan matakai. An yi shawarar a cikin ni'imar Izhevsk, inda gun factory Berezina, ya sa'an nan ya zama tushen ga sabon kamfanin da aka located. Izhevsk babur factory asali kira Dandana babur masana'antu.

Da farko an shirya don saki "NATI - A-750" (nauyi version). Its yi aka jera V-dimbin yawa engine tare da tukwanen gas guda biyu, engine 747 cubes TDP ya 15 HP A farko hudu samfurori da wannan model aka samar domin biki na May Day 1933. A layi daya da nauyi babur model samar da dama samfurori da huhu Il-7. A sakamakon haka, serial samar babur da aka yarda da wani sauki model, amma tare da gagarumin canje-canje da ake bukata a cikin yãƙi, domin "akan rage aiki." A karshe version na model na Il-7 hasarar gangar jikin allon, da maƙura iko da aka maye gurbinsu a rotatable cuff an sanya ya rage wuya da sauransu.

A shekara ta 1933, Izhevsk babur factory samar 111 motoci. Rates na saki aka kara, a lokaci guda suka aikin da zane hukumar, inda sabon model da aka ɓullo da kuma sabunta hanyoyin data kasance mãsu girmansu. A shekara ta 1938, an fara samar da babur Il-8 engine da 300 cubic mita. Power kayan aiki ya karu zuwa 8 horsepower.

A 1940, Izhevsk babur samar shuka fara samar da Il-9 model. The aiki damar da na'ura da aka riga 9 horsepower. A a layi daya, ya fara aiki a kan aiwatar da Il-12 model, wanda aka dogara ne a kan model na A-8, ci gaba da Leningrad Design ofishin. Yana shirya ya fara taro samar a 1941, amma yaki ya barke.

A post-yaki nasara

A lokacin tashin Izhevsk babur factory da aka mayar da hankali a kan batun na inji bindigogi da kuma kananan makamai. Tarurrukan na babur ya fara kusan nan da nan bayan nasarar a shekarar 1946. Bisa ga doka kan reparations daga Jamus tsĩrar da Izhevsk zane da kuma kayan aiki na Jamus masana'antu, wanda ya ba da wani iko impetus zuwa cin gaban. A sha'anin ya halitta sabon zane ofishin, da kuma fara shirye-shirye don samar da wani sabon tsarin babur Il-350, dangane da zane da aka aza Jamus samfurin da DKW 350.

A samfur na Jamus masana'antu da aka saba Soviet bukatar da yiwuwa na co-productions. Taruwa, babur Il fara a wani makamai factory. Daga wannan lokaci kan Izhevsk babur factory a cikin Tarayyar Soviet ta zama shugaba a samar da babura.

Araha da kuma inganci

Har ƙarshen 60s, ƙara da girma na samar, babban girmamawa da aka sanya a kan zane da kuma samar da wasanni kayan aiki model, saita sautin Izhevsk babur factory. Products, wanda ya fito daga na'ura, da ke cikin bukatar a ranar biyu kasuwannin gida da kuma kasashen waje. A shekarar 1946, kamfanin kyautata farko post-yaki model na babur. Sabunta hanyoyin da m samfurin rasa parallelogram cokali mai yatsu, shi da aka tsara don maye gurbin telescopic. Engine ikon karu zuwa 14 HP, shi ya halartar gagarumin canje-canje a cikin dakatar. Its sabon zane ya ba da m bugun jini da kuma amortization a lokacin da motsi.

A lokacin da na hamsin hamsin, mun tafi samarwa hudu sabon babur model. A farko a cikin jerin aka saki Il-49 babur. A tsarin da aka sanye take da guda-Silinda engine tare da wani dual sanyaya tsarin da kuma watsi da, kyautata dakatar da raya dabaran, da telescopic cokali mai yatsu. Speed Transmission da uku matsayi. A bike ya cikakke ga mamaya kashe-hanya a cikin karkara. Aka kuma saki Il-50, 54 da kuma 55. A ikon babura tashi zuwa 18-19 horsepower.

A flowering zamani na stagnation

Tun shekarar 1966, za mu fara nuna sabon model na hanya kekuna a kan Izhevsk Motor Shuka. Bugu da kari ga sabon fasali a fasahar, sabon sunayen yanzu zama almara :. "IZH Planet" da "iz Jupiter" Babur "IZH Planet" da aka bayar a kan tushen da model na Il-56. Ga wani sabon iyali na babur man fetur tank an redesigned, modified wurin zama zane, ta bude yatsun (gaban, raya), da zanen wuya.

"Il-Jupiter" kuma an halitta dangane Il-56 babur. Domin da sabon jerin da aka tsara wani sabon gaba daya engine tare da wata biyu-Silinda, biyu-bugun jini da kashi biyu hurawa iska sanyaya tsarin. The aiki cakuda da aka shirya a cikin carburetor na engine, kunna ta wani lantarki tartsatsi a cikin Silinda. An kuma sanya wani babban yawan sababbin abubuwa.

Daga 1971 zuwa 1975 ya zo daga sha'anin injin mai babura hanya model 'IZH Planeta-3 "," Jupiter Il-3 "," IZH Planeta Sport "," iz Jupiter 3K. " A wannan lokaci, da samar da kayan aiki da ya kasance a wani babban matakin da damar da sha'anin ƙwarai karu. A cikin zane ofishin aiki a kan sabon model, inganta a gargajiya "izhey" faru hanzari, rinjayar da kwarewa da kuma damar da manyan ma'aikata. Wasu model na babura aka bayar da ingancin lamba fiye da m Izhevsk babur factory. Kayayyakin gyara ga duk model na kayan aiki sun samuwa a ko'ina a fadin kasar.

Babur "IZH Jupiter" yana da biyar model tare da daban-daban sets na halaye, da girma yawan gyare-gyare samu wani babur "IZH Jupiter - 5", akwai 22 sunayen. "IZH Planeta" model da biyar zažužžukan, mafi m model ya da babur "IZH Planeta Sport".

Har 2000s,

By farkon 80s kamfanin da aka sa a cikin aiki da wani sabon sosai sarrafa kansa samar makaman. Its kiyasta saki damar ya 450 dubu tons. Babura a shekara. A lokacin 1981-82. A shuka samar babura model 'IZH Jupiter - 4 "da" Il Planet -4 ". A shekarar 1985, samar fara a model 'IZH Jupiter - 5 ", da kuma a shekara ta 1987, da aka buga babur" IZH Planet - 5 ". Domin wannan model aka ɓullo zana look kuma engine damar 22 l e. wani. Jimawa zamani bayyanar shi ne a kan dukkan babura samar Il.

Har ya zuwa farkon 90s da Design ofishin tsara wani sabon babur model tushen ci gaban sa Japan engine HT-550. Dabara ake kira "Orion", "Marathon", "dan tseren" model ƙunshi m fasaha fasali, mai salo zane da kuma yi musu wa'adi mai girma al'amurra a aiwatar da ayyukan.

Daga shekarar 1992 zuwa 1996 a Izhevsk factory babura yi musamman ci gaba - iz kaya module 9,604 da kuma gefen GH Il trailer 9,204. Ƙarin kayayyaki da aka tsara za a shigar a kan wani model na babur "Jupiter" da "Planet". Don saita kaya module ake bukata don cire raya dabaran wani babur da kuma kafaffen ajiya daki kamar haka samu tricycle kaya makõma.

Domin shekaru uku (1995-1998 gg.) A cikin factory ɓullo da sabon injuna da kuma kai-priming centrifugal famfo. A 1997 da bike da aka tsara don kai na wuta-yãƙi kayan aiki Il 6,92001 da kaya model iz 6,920 GR. A cikin shekara ta 2000 kamfanin ya sanar da ci gaban da wani sabon babur zane a cikin style of chopper (IZH 6.113-05), da aiki suna - "Junker".

canje-canje

A lokacin ta zama ba, Izhevsk Motor Bugu da kari a saki babura da hannu a samar da soja kayayyakin, da kuma har 1988 da halin asiri aka kwance cikin sha'anin. Mafarautan bindigogi samar a Izhevsk babur factory, da aka sani tun 1948, sun kafa taro samar bayan karshen yaki. Sake fasalin kudin da aka karfi da tasiri da profile na samarwa, kamfanin da aka sake masa suna a shekarar 1992, a cikin wani hadin gwiwa stock kamfanin "Axion".

IZhmoto factory, tsunduma a samar da babura tafi fatara a 2008 da kuma aka hukumance mothballed illa ma sha Allahu. Kwanan nan, kafofin watsa labarai suka fara bayyana game da littafin da Sin, 'yan kasuwa a rayar amfani Izhevsk babur factory. Photo ci gaba, bai sami cikakken-sikelin samar, da tarihi model na farko da motoci, da kuma a yau da ke sa wata babbar alama.

fatan

Yau, da shop, inda a baya bayar da babura, komai. A cewar mutanen da suke iya duba samar da tushe na kamfanin ya zauna a garu yankin, inda akwai da zarar Izhevsk babur factory. Lambobin su ne: Udmurdskaya Jamhuriyar, Izhevsk, ul. Telegin, Building 30.

Kamar yadda na aikin hukuma bayanai, Ltd. Izhevsk babur factory (Izhevsk) tsunduma a samar da babura, mopeds, ƙazanta kekuna da kuma strollers. A 2014 ya zo da littafin da wani yiwu reincarnation Il babura. The aikin shi ne sha'awar a kasar Sin, akwai lokatan shawarwari cewa, kasar Sin za ta sanya a Udmurtia kansa samar da babura da kuma tattauna yiwuwar samar da babur Il-7 series, amma hanyar abubuwa ne a yau, shi ba a sani.