Kima ga hCG. Inna: na kullum, ainihin dabi'u da kuma dikodi mai

Misali tarin - wani m hanya, ta hanyar da kowane ciki mace. Kuma ba shakka, da ciwon takardar da sakamakon, tabbata a kokarin fahimtar - kyau, abin da ke cewa duk dama? Amma alas, fiye da lambobi a sakamakon akwai kawai m abbreviations. HCG inna, PAPP-A, ACE - duk wannan ya ce kadan uninitiated. Bari mu yi kokarin magance wasu daga cikinsu.

Chorionic gonadotropin - abin da yake da shi?

A acronym hCG boye mutum chorionic gonadotropin - a hormone cewa an kullum samar kawai a mata masu juna biyu. Ya fara samar da kwan da ya hadu, da kuma kara, bayan da trophoblast aka kafa, ta kyallen takarda. Ba zato ba tsammani, shi ya bayyanar a cikin fitsari Yanã mayar da martani ciki gwajin.

HCG matakan iya zama wani nuna alama na da yawa pathologies daga cikin uwa da tayin, yayin da shi ne ko dai mai tsanani rage ko muhimmanci mafi girma fiye da na al'ada. A cikin taron cewa sabawa daga shi ne kananan, bincike darajar da shi kusan ba kome.

IOM - shi

Inna raguwa zo daga English mahara na tsakãtsaki ce, ko idan fassara a cikin Rasha, "mahara kafofin watsa labaru". Tsakãtsaki ce a gynecology ake kira da talakawan darajar da wani nuna alama a wani mataki na ciki. Inna ne a coefficient wanda damar tantance ko sakamakon nazarin mutum mace karkacewa daga rõwa. Inna da aka lasafta ta da dabara: index darajar da aka raba da tsakãtsaki ce (talakawan for gestation). IOM ba da da kansa naúrar na ji, tun da mãsu haƙuri kuma Manuniya, da kuma tsakãtsaki ce da aka lasafta a cikin wannan. Saboda haka, IOM - shi ne wani mutum da darajar domin kowane mace. Idan shi ne game da hadin kai, wannan yana nufin cewa marasa lafiya ne kusa da talakawan kudi. Idan muka yi la'akari da awo hCG inna (al'ada) a lokacin daukar ciki domin shi ne tazara daga 0.5 zuwa 2. Wannan darajar da aka lasafta ta musamman shirye-shirye da cewa, ban da ilmin lissafi lissafin ma la'akari da mutum halaye na wata mace (shan taba, nauyi, tseren). Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa a cikin daban-daban dakunan gwaje-gwaje inna dabi'u za su iya bambanta. HCG inna sabawa daga al'ada dabi'u iya nuna tsanani take hakki na biyu da tayin da kuma mahaifiyar ta yanayin.

The ayyuka na hCG

Chorionic gonadotropin - a hormone ciki. Ya gudanar da matakai da ake bukata domin ta al'ada ci gaba. Godiya ga shi, ya hana ayyukan marubuta luteum komawa da baya da kuma stimulates kira na estrogen da progesterone, da daukar ciki. A nan gaba za ta samar da mahaifa. Wani muhimmin aiki na hCG ne ruri daga Leydig Kwayoyin haduwa testosterone a namiji tayin, wanda, bi da bi, na taimaka wa samuwar namiji jima'i gabobin.

Chorionic gonadotropin aka hada da alpha da beta raka'a, kuma idan kadan alpha-hCG a kan wani tsarin daban-daban daga tsarin raka'a da FSH hormone, TSH, hCG beta (IOM) ne na musamman. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa diagnostic darajar yana da beta hCG. A jini jini aka ƙaddara nan da nan bayan kwan da ya hadu za su yi saiwa a cikin endometrium, wato, bayan game 9 kwanaki bayan ovulation. Yadda aka saba, hCG taro ya maimaita kowane kwana biyu, kai wani matsakaicin maida hankali (50 000-100 000 Iu / l) ga 10 makonni na gestation. Bayan haka, domin 8 makonni, ya an rage da kusan rabin, sa'an nan ya zauna barga har zuwa karshen ciki. Duk da haka, a cikin hãlãye daga baya iya rajistar wani sabon tashin hCG dabi'u. Kuma ko da yake a baya shi da aka gani ba, da wani sabawa daga na kullum, wani zamani m ake bukata don ware placental insufficiency a rhesus rikici da cewa zai iya sa dagagge hCG inna. Bayan haihuwa ko uncomplicated zubar da ciki a jini da fitsari hCG kamata ba za a ƙaddara bayan kwanaki 7.

Lokacin da sanya analysis

Analysis na hCG (inna) za a iya sanya a cikin wadannan lokuta:

• don gane asali a farkon matakai na ciki.
• a sa idanu a ci gaba da daukar ciki;
• ware ectopic ciki.
• tantance da cikawa na da zubar da ciki;
• da ake zargin rasa zubar da ciki ko barazanar zubar da ciki;
• a matsayin ternary analysis (ACE da estriol) for farkon ganewa na fetal malformations.
• tare da amenorrhea (rashin haila).
• maza hCG analysis sanya a cikin ganewar asali testicular siffofin maruran.

HCG inna for makonni

A daban-daban dakunan gwaje-gwaje daban-daban rates na Manuniya wannan hormone za a iya kafa, don haka da Figures ne ba misali. Duk da haka, a kusan duk dakunan gwaje-gwaje a cikin kudi na hCG inna ba ta wuce kewayon daga 0.5 zuwa 2. The tebur ya bada jerin sunayen da dokokin hCG daga ganewa maimakon daga karshe hailar lokaci.

Lokacin da dagagge hCG

Dalilin da kara hCG matakan iya zama da wadannan dalilai:

• mahara ciki.
• endocrine cuta ciki har da ciwon sukari mellitus.
• fetal malformations (chromosomal munanan).
• trophoblastic ƙari.
• samun hCG ga warkewa dalilai.

Sanadin low hCG

A dakushe hCG zai iya sa:

• ectopic ciki.
• barazanar zubar da ciki ko rasa zubar da ciki;
• fetal mutuwa .
• chromosomal munanan.

HCG a cikin ganewar asali fetal munanan

A zamani matakin na magani domin sanin munanan a cikin tayin a isasshe farkon mataki. Ba kalla rawa a wannan wasa da kuma nazarin matakin na hCG (inna). Don kwanan wata, mu yi aiki daga cikin mafi kyau duka lokaci na gudanar da bincike cewa yana da tafi kowace mace tsammani yaro, domin dace gane pathological canje-canje a ciki. Sun hada da wani yawan Manuniya. A farko trimester na ciki (10-14 makonni) ne duban dan tayi da dakin gwaje-gwaje gwaje-gwaje da matakin na hCG hormone, PAPP-A. A kwanan baya, a karo na biyu trimester (16-18 makonni), fãce Amurka, rike sau uku gwajin (AFP, hCG, estriol). Shi ne mafi kusantar don ba da damar data daga wadannan karatu don kimanta da yiwuwar fetal munanan da hadarin chromosomal munanan. All kintace suna da za'ayi shan la'akari da mutum halaye - masu juna biyu shekaru, ta nauyi, da kasada sa da miyagun halaye, munanan a yara haife shi a baya ciki.

A fassarar da sakamakon screenings

Abin baƙin ciki, a wasu lokuta, sakamakon suna da nisa daga sigogi da suke dauke al'ada hCG inna a ciki. Idan qananan sabawa, ba za a iya gani a matsayin wata ãyã daga Pathology. Duk da haka, idan sakamakon wani binciken a kan bango na low matakan da wasu alamomi nuna da dabi'u ƙwarai wucewa 2 hCG inna, shi zai iya nufi da kasancewar wani fetal chromosomal cututtuka kamar Down ciwo. Irin wannan kayyade munanan kamar syndromes Edwards da Patau iya magana low hCG matakan da sauran alamomi. Turner ciwo iya zargin idan hCG lebur rates saboda ƙananan wasu alamomi. Bugu da kari, muhimmiyar sabawa daga na kullum a sakamakon nunawa iya nuna lahani a cikin na tsarin jijiya tube da kuma zuciya.

Idan wani irin sabawa ga ganewar asali ne da za'ayi masu cin zali bincikowa. Dangane da kalma iya designate da wadannan Nazarin:

• chorionic villus daukan samfur.
• amniocentesis.
• cordocentesis.

Bugu da kari, a duk lokuta na shawarwari, kamata shawarci wani jini.

HCG da wani ectopic ciki

Bugu da kari fetal abnormality, β-hCG (free) inna ne ma Manuniya dake bayyana kiwon lafiya da na uwarsa. Daya daga cikin hatsari gaggawa yanayin da za a iya bincikar lafiya a lokacin da, sabili da haka, ya dauki mataki, shi ne wani ectopic ciki. Wannan na faruwa a lokacin da wani kwan da ya hadu da aka ba a haɗe zuwa ciki Layer na zauna cikin mahaifa (endometrium) da kuma a cikin kogo da fallopian shambura, kwai, hanji. A hatsari da wannan cuta ya ta'allaka ne da cewa ectopic ciki ne babu makawa katse, kuma wannan tsari yana tafiya ne tare da wani karfi ciki na jini, wanda zai iya zama mai wahala a daina. Gane wani ectopic ciki ne yiwu idan dace duban dan tayi da kuma kwatanta da sakamakon da waɗanda suke a cikin magani hCG. Gaskiyar cewa kwan da ya hadu, ba a yi nufin shan ta wuri da yanayi, yana fuskantar babba matsaloli da kuma a sakamakon, da trophoblast samar da yawa kasa gonadotropin. A wannan yanayin, idan bincike na da Manuniya nuna wani musamman m karuwa a hCG cewa bai yi daidai da gestation zamani, wajabta rike duban dan tayi amfani da wani farji bincike. Matsayin mai mulkin, wannan hanya ba ka damar samun da ovum waje ya zauna cikin mahaifa da cewa ya tabbatar da ectopic ciki da kuma ba da damar ya katse shi a lokacin, ba tare da jiran rikitarwa.

rasa da zubar da ciki

Sai ya faru da cewa bayan a ciki gwajin ya ba da sakamakon tabbatacce, ta bayyanar cututtuka ba faruwa, ko kawo karshen abruptly. A wannan yanayin da mutuwa amfrayo, amma zubar da ciki ga duk abin da dalili ba. Gane da wannan batu ka iya, idan ka yi bincike a cikin Manuniya na hCG ba kawai gushe girma, amma kuma za a fara samun koma baya. Bayan jawabin da duban dan tayi, za mu iya ganin cewa tayi ne ba a bugun zuciya. Wani lokacin duban dan tayi ya nuna kawai fama ovum. Wadannan canje-canje suna kira a matsayin wadanda ba mai yiwuwa ciki. Mafi yawansu suna ci gaba har zuwa goma makonni. A dalilan iya zama da wadannan yanayi:

• chromosomal munanan;
• Kamuwa da mahaifiyarsa (sau da yawa endometritis).
• lahani hade tare da mahaifiyar ta jini clotting tsarin (thrombophilia).
• ilimin Halittar Jiki lahani a cikin tsarin da ya zauna cikin mahaifa.

A hali na rasa zubar da ciki ga likita dalilai wani likita zubar da ciki ko curettage na mahaifa za a gudanar. A cikin hali na ba-mai yiwuwa ciki kamu a mata sau biyu Bole, guda biyu bada shawara kimanta for haƙiƙa dalilai.

matauni ciki

Wani lokaci bayan hadi iya faruwa "hasara" na mace ɓangare na genome, cewa shi ne, maimakon wani daidaita yawan chromosomes daga uwa da uba a cikin ovum zauna kawai namiji genome. A wannan yanayin, wanda zai iya kiyaye wata jiha kama da ciki, amma a cikin zygote (kwan da ya hadu) ya ƙunshi kawai uban chromosome. Irin wannan yanayin da aka kira wani cikakken hydatidiform mole. A cikin hali na wani m kwai rike ta kayyade bayani, amma yawan chromosomes maimaita uba. Tun for trophoblast suka hadu, wasan kwaikwayon na hCG hormone tashin gwauron zabi. Matauni ciki ne m ba kawai wani yunkri ashara, a matsayin ci gaban al'ada ciki a lokacin da ba shi yiwuwa. Babban hadari ta'allaka ne da cewa irin wannan "kara kuzari ta" trophoblast saka a cikin igiyar ciki bango, sprouting bayan shi, kuma a kan lokaci zai iya lalace cikin wani m ƙari.

Mayakan matauni ciki na iya zama da wadannan cututtuka:

• igiyar ciki zub da jini a farkon daukar ciki;
• m amai.
• igiyar ciki size ba yayi dace da zamani (shi ne yafi).
• Akwai iya zama nauyi asara, palpitations, tremor na yatsunsu.

Ana zargin irin cututtuka bukatar magani da likita, ultrasonography da kuma saka idanu na magani matakan hCG. The wuce haddi na sau da yawa da adadi na 500 000 Iu / L, wanda shi ne matsakaicin a al'ada ciki, na bukatar wani karin hankali jarrabawa.

Saboda haka, hankali da matakin hCG inna damar farkon ganewar asali da yawa pathological canje-canje a cikin jikin mace da tayin. Kuma saboda haka, a lokacin da za a yi da matakan da suka dace.