Winter phenomena a rayuwar shuka. Hanyoyin hutawa

Da farko tare da marigayi kaka sai a cikin dukan hunturu, itatuwan da shrubs na flora na yankinmu suna hutawa. Irin wannan yanayin hunturu a cikin rayuwar shuka yana haifar da dalilai da dama. Daga cikin su - gagarumin raguwar tsarin mulki, rashin isasshen abinci mai gina jiki da sauransu. An hana tafiyar matakan shuke-shuke, har ma a karkashin sharaɗɗan sharaɗɗan da suka faru ba zato ba tsammani, ba za su iya ci gaba ba. Yawancin mutane, tabbas, sun lura cewa idan a watan Disambar-Janairu ya kawo gidan wani reshe na itace da kuma sanya shi a cikin ruwa cikin zafin rana, to, ba "farka" ba, yana kiyaye yanayin rashin rayuwa. Amma idan kun yi haka a ƙarshen hunturu, lokacin da marigayi ke gabatowa, kodan nan da nan ya rushe, ko da yake yana da sanyi a waje. Me yasa wannan yake faruwa? Wace rawa ce hunturu ke takawa a rayuwar mai shuka? Mene ne ya sa wakilan mambobi a cikin daji da kuma wuraren da ke kewaye da wuraren shakatawa sun tashi, suna watsar da launi? Za mu yi ƙoƙarin amsa waɗannan da sauran tambayoyi masu ban sha'awa a cikin labarinmu.

Shuke-shuke a cikin hunturu

A cikin zafi kasashe da hunturu, wannan lokacin rani - da yawan zafin jiki ba musamman "tsalle" daga babban adadin. Saboda haka, bishiyoyin da ke ƙarƙashin tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire suna girma da kore a ko'ina cikin shekara. Tsarin tsakiyar Rasha shine wani al'amari, misali. Ko Siberia. A nan, yawan sauyin yanayi na "more-minus" wani lokaci yakan karya fasalin hamsin, kuma wannan ga yawancin jinsunan bishiyoyi masu tsire-tsire suna da mummunan rauni. Halittar hikima ta kirkiro ga wadannan tsire-tsire da suke da launi, halayyar karewa ga yanayin rashin rayuwa, da tasowa cikin sanyi. Tsarin hunturu a cikin rayuwar tsire-tsire - wani nau'i na "rikicewa" na tafiyar rayuwa, taimakawa wajen samun saurin yanayi. Menene ke faruwa a gare su?

Metabolism

Winter events a cikin rãyuwar shuka sa a Jihar sauran, inda hakan na metabolism ciki ganga. An dakatar da girma daga bishiyoyi. Hakanan da komawa yanayin yanayi. Kazalika da yin amfani da ikon da tushen tsarin. A'a, a cikin hunturu itatuwan, ba shakka, suna girma. Sai kawai suna yin shi sosai sannu a hankali, ba tare da la'akari da ido ba. Sugar yana gudana (ƙaddamar da ƙarancin wurare dabam dabam, a cewar masana kimiyya, yana faruwa ne a minti 18). A cikin hunturu, babban itace yana kwashe a cikin iska zuwa 250 ml na danshi. Amma, kuna gani, wadannan matakai suna da hankali fiye da lokacin bazara da lokacin rani.

Samun ganye

Kusan dukkan itatuwa don lokacin hunturu sun watsar da ganye (sai dai har abada). A hankali ya kasance launin rawaya duk kaka kuma ya fadi a kashe, yana barin rassan rassan. Wadannan yanayin hunturu a cikin rayuwar tsire-tsire suna hade da halayen kariya daga sanyi: injin ya rasa launi kuma, kamar yadda yake, an rufe shi daga yanayin. Tsaya a nan kusan gama photosynthesis, wani m tsari ga chlorophyll-dauke da ganye. Abinci zama kadan, a matsayin babban rabo daga cikin carbon dioxide Ana sarrafa ta yin amfani da itãce. Kuma tushen tsarin, saboda sanyi, ya rage samar da ruwan sha da ma'adanai daga ƙasa.

Hanyoyi na sauyawa zuwa hunturu hibernation

Zamu iya cewa siginar farko ga tsire-tsire shine rage yawan haske. Lokacin da hasken rana markedly taqaitaccen a Kwayoyin musanya tsakanin abubuwa da alhakin metabolism da kuma ci gaban da nama. Itacen yana fara farawa don rage jinkirin tafiyar matakai.

Yaya tsawon lokacin hunturu na hunturu

Irin wannan yanayin yanayin dormancy mai zurfi, wanda ya kwatanta da hibernation, ya bambanta a cikin nau'o'in bishiyoyi da shrubs. Don haka, misali, a birch ko poplar - har zuwa karshen Janairu. Maple ko linden suna ciyarwa a cikin wannan jihar har zuwa watanni shida (musamman ma masu sanyi). A cikin Lilac, lokacin ɓoyewa ya ƙare bayan Disamba.