Kotelnikov Gleb Evgenevich - da kirkiro na laima: biography, tarihi da sabuwar dabara

Daya daga cikin manyan jirgin sama qirqire - laima - zo godiya ga ƙarfi, kuma} o} arin na kawai mutum daya - da zanen-sanar Gleb Kotelnikov. Ya ba kawai ya warware da yawa daga cikin mafi rikitarwa domin ta lokaci, fasaha matsaloli, amma kuma a dogon lokaci don cimma farkon taro samar da ceto kunshin.

farkon shekaru

A nan gaba kirkiro na laima Gleb Kotelnikov aka haife 18 (30) Janairu 1872 a St. Petersburg. Mahaifinsa farfesa ilimin lissafi a Moscow University. Dukan iyalin ne m art: music, zanen da wasan kwaikwayo. A gidan da aka sau da yawa mai son aiwatar wasanni. Ba abin mamaki ba cewa ya ba da aka gudanar da laima kirkiro a matsayin yaro mafarkin na mataki.

Yaron taka leda sosai a kan biyano kuma sauran kida (balalaika, mandolin, goge). A lokaci guda, duk wadannan sha'awa ba ya tsoma baki da Gleb keenly sha'awar a cikin dabara. Daga haihuwa samu zinariya hannuwa, ya kullum da wani abu da aka yin da kuma tattara (misali, a cikin shekaru 13 da ya gudanar ya tattaro wani aiki kamara).

aiki

Future, wanda a halin yanzu ya zaɓi kirkiro na laima za a ƙaddara bayan wani iyali bala'i. Mahaifinmu ya rasu prematurely Gleb da ɗansa ya bar mafarkin mai kide. Ya tafi zuwa ga Kiev harbi School. The saurayi ya kammala karatunsa tare da karrama a 1894 da kuma haka ya zama wani jami'in. Wannan ya biyo ta shekaru uku da sabis a cikin sojojin. Bayan ritaya, Kotelnikov ya zama wani aikin hukuma a lardin excise sashen. A 1899, ya yi aure da yara budurwa Yulii Volkovoy.

A 1910 a iyali da 'ya'ya uku koma St. Petersburg. A babban birnin kasar, nan gaba kirkiro na laima ya zama wani actor a Mutane ta House, ya zuwa mataki pseudonym Glebov-Kotelnikov. St. Petersburg ya ba shi sabuwar dama da kuma aiwatar da inventive m. All baya shekaru nugget ci gaba da yi a mai son matakin.

sha'awa jirgin sama

A farkon karni na XX ci gaban da jirgin sama. A da yawa Rasha birane, ciki har da St. Petersburg, an gudanar da zanga-zanga flights, wanda sama-sama da jama'a sha'awa. Yana haka ya zama Mai ƙididdigewa jirgin sama da kuma a nan gaba kirkiro na laima jakarka ta baya Gleb Kotelnikov. Da yake ina da rayuwa sha'aninsu dabam to dabara, ba ya iya ƙone sha'awa a cikin jirgin sama.

By daidaituwa, Kotelnikov zama wani unwitting shaida ga mutuwa na farko matukin jirgi a cikin tarihi na Rasha jirgin sama. A lokacin wata zanga-zanga jirgin matukin Matsievich fadi kashe da wurin zama, kuma sun mutu, faduwa a kasa. Wadannan shi saukar da m kuma su ne m jirgin sama.

Wajibcin mai laima

A bala'i shafe Matsievich ya mai ma'ana sakamakon rashin tsaro a cikin sosai farko jirgin jirgin sama injuna. Idan wani mutum ya tafi a cikin iska, shi ya sa a kan gungumen azaba ransa. Wannan matsala ta taso tun kafin jirgin sama. A cikin XIX karni da wani irin warware matsalar sha wahala balloons. A hali na wuta mutane sun makale. Ba su iya barin abin hawa a cikin baƙin ciki.

Wannan takaddamar da za a iya warware kawai da sabuwar dabara na laima. A farko-gwajen da aka za'ayi domin ta samar a kasashen yamma. Duk da haka, matsalar cikin sharuddan fasaha halaye ya kasance da wani musamman wuya lokaci domin ta. A tsawon shekaru, jirgin sama ci gaba da ɓatanci. Rashin iyawa don samar da rai ceton tabbacin matukan jirgi tsanani hampered da ci gaban da dukan aeronautics masana'antu. Shi ya tafi kawai matsananciyar daredevils.

Aiki a kan ƙarya

Bayan wani ban tausayi episode a cikin zanga-zanga flights daga Gleb Kotelnikov (wanda ƙirƙira da laima) ya juya, ya Apartment cikin cikakken bitar. Zanen da aka damu da wani ra'ayin da ya halicci ceto abin hawa da zai taimaka matuka su tsira a hadarin jirgin sama. A mafi m ya cewa mai son actor fara kadai domin fasaha matsalar a kan wanda shekaru da yawa a banza ya yi yaƙi da yawa masana daga ko'ina cikin duniya.

Duk da gwaje-gwajen da kirkiro na laima Kotelnikov gudanar a kansa kudi. Money ya m, sau da yawa ya skimp a kan cikakkun bayanai. Kofe na rayuwa craft ragu daga kites da St. Petersburg rufin. Boilermakers samu wani tari na littattafai a kan tarihin Flying. The kwarewa dauki wuri daya bayan da wasu. A hankali, da ya kirkiro zo zuwa abar sanyi na nan gaba ceto kudi. Wannan ya kamata ya zama m da hur laima. The kananan da kuma kunno kai, ya iya zama ko da yaushe tare da mutum kuma taimakawa wajen fitar a cikin mafi m lokacin.

fasaha al'amurran da suka shafi

Amfani imperfectly laima zane ya fraught da dama tsanani shortcomings. Na farko shi ne a real tsalle gaba, wanda aka jiran matukin jirgin a lokacin Dome tonawa. Saboda haka Gleb Kotelnikov (wanda ƙirƙira da laima) kishin yawa lokaci zuwa zane na dakatar da tsarin. ya kuma yana da sau da dama ya Redo da aka makala. Idan ka yi amfani da ba daidai ba zane rayuwa craft mutum zai iya da ka juya a cikin iska.

Da farko model jirgin sama jakarka ta baya laima kirkiro bari a tsana, mannequins. Kamar yadda ya yi amfani da siliki masana'anta. Domin cewa wannan al'amari iya a wani hadari gudun su runtse da mutum zuwa ga ƙasa, da ta dauki mana game da 50 square mita masana'anta. Da farko Kotelnikov folded laima a cikin headgear, amma za ta iya ba su dace sosai siliki. A ir sun fito da wani asali bayani ga wannan matsala.

A ra'ayin wani jakarka ta baya

Zai yiwu sunan kirkiro na laima zai zama daban-daban idan Gleb Kotelnikov ba tsammani don magance matsalar da nadawa da laima da musamman jakarka ta baya. Domin shige a cikin al'amarin ya zo har da wani asali zane da kuma m sabon aiki. A karshe, kirkiro fara ƙirƙirar farko samfur. A wannan yanayin da matarsa taimake shi.

Ba da da ewa, ya kasance a shirye don RC-1 (Rasha - Kotelnikovsky). Tu cikin jakarka ta baya ya na musamman karfe shiryayye, kuma biyu nada marẽmari. Boilermakers sanya tsarin irin wannan cewa za a iya bude maza maza. Domin wannan matukin jirgi da ake bukata kawai a cire musamman igiyar. A marẽmari a cikin jakarka ta baya bude Dome da fall zama smoother.

kammala shãfe

A laima kunshi 24 canvases. Ta hanyar dukan Dome tafi slings, wanda aka haɗa ta rataye madauri. Su ƙuƙuntacce hooks zuwa kasa, sawa da wani mutum. Yana da aka dozin na kugu, kafada da kirji madauri. Akwai ma sun kasance bayar madaukai ga ƙafafunsa. laima na'urar damar da matukin jirgi don sarrafa shi a lokacin saukarsa a kasa.

Lokacin da ya bayyana da cewa da sabuwar dabara zai zama mai nasara a cikin jirgin sama, Kotelnikov damu game da hakkin mallaka. Ya ba da lamban kira da kuma, sabili da haka, wani baƙo da suka ga laima a mataki da kuma fahimtar ka'idojin da aiki, zai iya sata da ra'ayin. Wadannan damuwa jagoranci Gleb Paton ƙaura su gwaji a makafi Novgorod wuraren cewa shawarci dan kirkiro. Cewa babu za a gwada karshe version na sabon ceto abin hawa.

A gwagwarmayar da wani patent

A ban mamaki labarin da sabuwar dabara na laima ci gaba Agusta 10, 1911, lokacin da Kotelnikov rubuta wani cikakken wasika zuwa ga Ma'aikatar War. Ya aka bayyana a cikin daki-daki cikin fasaha halaye na sababbin abubuwa, da kuma bayyana muhimmancin da aiwatar a cikin sojojin da sifirin jiragen sama. Lalle ne, kawai adadin jirgin sama ya karu, kuma shi ne barazana da sabon mutuwar jarumi matukan jirgi.

Duk da haka, da farko Nyquist harafi samu rasa. Yana tã bayyana yanzu cewa kirkiro zai yi aiki da su da tsanani ja tef. Ya fara zuwa pester da War Office da kuma daban-daban kwamitocin. Ƙarshe Gleb E. barke a kwamitin da sabuwar dabara. Duk da haka, functionaries na wannan sashen qaryata game da haduwa da zanen. Suka ƙi yin kyauta a patent, la'akari da sabuwar dabara m.

fitarwa

Bayan da gazawar a gida Kotelnikov ya sanya na aikin rajista daga cikin sabuwar dabara a Faransa. The dogon-jiran taron ya faru Maris 20, 1912. Sa'an nan, ya gudanar ya shirya wani janar gwajin, wanda ya samu halartar matukan jirgin da kuma wasu mutane da hannu a cikin matasa Rasha jirgin sama. Suka wuce Yuni 6, 1912 a kauyen Salyuzi kusa St. Petersburg. Bayan rasuwar Gleb Paton wannan gari da aka sake masa suna Kotelnikovo.

Yuni safe a gaban mamaki jama'a matukin balan-balan yanke ƙarshen madauki, da kuma musamman horar da mannequin fara fada a kasa. The masu sauraro duba abin da ke faruwa a cikin iska da taimakon binopkulari. Bayan 'yan seconds da inji aiki, da kuma a cikin sama fadi bude Dome. A wannan rana, akwai wata iska, wanda aka sa mannequin komai a fili dama a kan ƙafafunsa, suka tsaya a can, 'yan seconds, fadi. Bayan wannan jama'a gwajin dukan duniya koya wanda ya kirkiro jirgin sama jakarka ta baya laima.

Mass samar da parachutes

Da farko jerin samar da RC-1 ya fara a Faransa a 1913. Neman parachutes karu da wani domin bayan nan da sannu yakin duniya na farko. A Rasha ceto kaya da aka bukata domin jirgin sama matukan jirgin, "Ilya Muromets". Sa'an nan har shekaru da yawa RK-1 zauna ba makawa a Soviet Air Force.

Lokacin da Bolshevik gwamnatin Kotel'nikov ci gaba da aiwatar da gyare-gyare ga asalin sabuwar dabara. Ya yi aiki tare da Zhukovsky, raba nasu da nata irin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Gogaggen tsalle tare da parachutes gwajin model sun zama wani taro spectacle - su sabõda wata babbar lamba na kallo. A shekarar 1923, akwai wani model RC-2. Gleb Kotelnikov ya kawota su da wani Semi-m Satchel. Wannan ya biyo 'yan gyare-gyare. Parachutes ya zama mafi m, kuma m.

Lokaci guda tare da inventive aiki Kotelnikov kishin da yawa lokaci taimaka yawo kulob din. Ya lectured, ya yi maraba baƙo a cikin wasanni al'umma. A 55 shekara saboda da ya kirkiro tsaya gwaje-gwajen. All ya Legacy ya ba wa Soviet jihar. Domin da yawa nasarori Nyquist aka bayar da Order of Red Star.

Ana yi ritaya, Kotel'nikov ci gaba da rayuwa a arewacin babban birnin kasar. Ya rubuta littattafai da kuma litattafan. Lokacin da yakin duniya na II ya fara, wani tsofaffi da kuma dan kadan ganin Gleb E., duk da haka, ya dauki wani aiki sashi a cikin kungiyar na iska tsaro na Leningrad. Kawancen hunturu da kuma yunwa aikata manyan buga wa kiwon lafiya. Nyquist aka kwashe zuwa Moscow, inda ya rasu a 22 ga watan Nuwamba, 1944. Famous kirkiro aka binne shi a Novodevichy hurumi.