Leh Valensa: biography, iyali, siyasa da ayyukan, awards

Leh Valensa (haife 09/29/43 a Popowo, Poland) - dan fafutuka da suka taimake tsari da kuma kai (1980-90), da farko m kungiyar kwadago na gurguzu Polish "Solidarity". A basu baye shugaban miliyoyin Polish ma'aikata ya zama shugaban kasa (1990-95). A shekarar 1983 ya karbi Nobel Peace Prize.

Leh Valensa: biography

A lokacin yakin duniya na II, a shagaltar da Poland Walesa mahaifin Boleslav kafin haihuwar Lech ya aka interned a wani aiki sansanin , da kuma a shekarar 1945 ya mutu daga ci da samu a duka kafin su isa 34 shekaru. Uwarsa, Felix da wani babban tasiri a kan dansa. A gida firist ya ambaci ta a matsayin "mace mai hikima ta zo."

Walesa wani mediocre almajiri daga cikin Ikklesiya makaranta, sa'an nan ya kammala karatunsa daga jihar sana'a makaranta a Lipno, inda ya qware lantarki. C 1961 zuwa 1965 ya yi aiki a cibiyar sabis na mota motocin.

Domin shekaru biyu ya yi aiki a rundunar, inda ya samu daraja da Corporal.

Electricians masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa

A 1967, Leh Valensa fara aiki a matsayin lantarki a babbar masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa. Lenin a Danzig. A shekarar 1970 ya halarta abinci tarzoma a lokacin da 'yan sanda suka kashe da dama zanga-zanga. Lokacin da sabon boren da kwaminisanci jagorancin Poland ya fara a shekara ta 1976, ya bayyana a matsayin wani anti-gwamnati da kungiyoyin kwadago himmar aiki, sakamakon rasa aiki.

A watan Agusta 1980, a lokacin da Gdansk masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa na cike da zanga-zangar, ya sa ta tanã fita farashin abinci, Leh Valensa hau kan shinge da kuma shiga cikin ma'aikata a cikin sha'anin, Ya zãɓe shi a matsayin shugaban da yajin kwamitin, izini su yi shawarwari tare da shugabannin masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa.

Bayan 3 days bukatar da aka yarda, amma a lokacin da daukan hankali ma'aikata a sauran shuke-shuke Gdansk Lech tambayi don ci gaba da yajin, sai nan da nan ya amince. Ya jagoranci interplant buga, kawo tare da kamfanonin a yankin na Gdansk-Sopot-Gdynia. Kwamitin sa a gaba a yawan m siyasa bukatunsu, ciki har da hakkin ya buge da kuma samuwar free kwadago, da kuma shelar janar doka. Tsoron rare tawaye, kwaminisanci hukumomi sun kayen da babban bukatar ma'aikata, da kuma a kan Agusta 31, wata yarjejeniya da aka sanya hannu, ya ba su dama domin shirya yardar kaina da kuma da kansa. A sayi ya samu halartar Mechislav Yagelsky, First mataimakin firaministan kasar Poland, da kuma Leh Valensa. Biography of shugaban kungiyar kwadago na motsi ya canza sake: an mayar a cikin Gdansk masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa da kuma gangarawa cikin National Coordination Hukumar.

Solidarity

Da zarar, a mayar da martani ga wannan gagarumin yarjejeniya game da miliyan 10 Polish ma'aikata da manoma shiga semiautonomous kwadago, da Interfactory yajin kwamitin aka canza a cikin National Federation of kwadago da Walesa a matsayin shugaban ta, kuma Cif Wakilin. A watan Oktoba, "Solidarity" kungiyar kwadago aka hukumance gane da gwamnatin Poland karkashin jagorancin tarayyar da kuma Lech a cikin wannan arangama da hukumomi, iyakance ikon da Soviet bakin soji.

Leh Valensa: Nobel Prize

Federation nasara tabbatar ephemeral. A watan Disamba na shekarar 1981, da Yaren mutanen Poland gwamnati da aka sa a karkashin Martial doka, "Solidarity" da aka haramta da kuma mafi yawan shugabannin da aka kama, ciki har da Leh Valensa, wanda biography wadãtar shekara a kurkuku. Awarding shi a cikin shekarar 1983 Nobel Peace Prize an soki da gwamnatin Poland. Tsoron wani maras so hijira, ya zauna a Poland, da kuma matarsa, Danuta Walesa, ya tafi zuwa Oslo, Norway, to yarda da lambar yabo a madadinsa.

zaben nasara

Kamar yadda shugaban na cikin karkashin kasa motsi "Solidarity", Walesa aka hõre m dama, har irin wannan lokaci kamar yadda wani tabarbarewar tattalin arziki da yanayi, da kuma wani sabon kalaman na aiki tashin a 1988 tilasta gwamnatin Poland ta ba su yi shawarwari tare da shi da kuma sauran jam'iyya shugabannin. Su sakamakon an yi yarjejeniyar, wadda aka sabunta doka matsayi na "Solidarity" da kuma sanctioned free zaben wata iyaka yawan wurare a mayar da benen gidan majalisar dokokin kasar. A cikin watan Yuni 1989, da motsi ya samu mafi yawan wadannan wurare, da kuma bayan Walesa ƙaryata wani tsari don samar da wata gwamnatin hadin gwiwa tare da 'yan gurguzun, majalisar da aka tilasta amince da majalisar ministocin karkashin jagorancin "Solidarity", ko da yake ya ki ya zama jagora, firayim ministan kasar.

Shugaban kasa

A shekarar 1989, Walesa ya taimaka wa kungiyar abokin aiki Tadeusz Mazowiecki zama firayin wannan gwamnati, amma ya sanar da tsayawa takara da shi ga shugaba a shekarar 1990 da kuma lashe farko kai tsaye zaben shugaban kasa a Poland da wani saran rinjaye.

Kamar yadda Yaren mutanen Poland Shugaba Walesa taimaka wajen rike free majalisar zabe a 1991 kuma dauki bangare a cikin canji na kasa tattalin arzikin da free kasuwa. Ya nuna ƙwarai siyasa basira a matsayin shugaban na "Solidarity", amma ya sauki tambaya, neman tashin style kuma ƙi ya kai ga sauƙi da tsanani hani a kan zubar da ciki sun gurgunta da shahararsa a karshen zangonsa a ofishin. A shekarar 1995, ya halarci zaben, amma an ci su da tsohon kwaminisanci Aleksandra Kvasnevskogo, shugaban na Democratic Hagu Alliance. Sake Walesa gudu ga shugaban kasar a 2000, amma samu kawai sulusi da murabba'i na kuri'un da aka kada. A 1997 da ya kafa da kuma gangarawa wata jam'iyyar siyasa "Kirista Democracy III Jamhuriyar Poland."

Karbo daga siyasa

A sakamakon shan kashi na 2000 Walesa sanarda yin ritaya daga harkokin siyasa. Bisani, ya kishin mafi yawansu ya lokaci na aiki a institute da sunan kansa, wanda ya kafa a 1995 zuwa watsa bayanai a kan nasarorin da "Solidarity", karfafa dimokuradiyya da kuma gini na} ungiyoyin jama'a, a Poland da kuma a duniya.

A watan Agusta 2006, Walesa ya sanarda yin ritaya daga m kungiyar kwadago a zanga-zangar a da goyon baya ga jam'iyyar "da Dama da adalci» (PiS), kazalika da Lech da Yaroslava Kachinskih, da tagwayen 'yan'uwa, wanda da zarar gudanar da wani shahararren wuri a cikin "Solidarity "kuma ya zama shugaban kasa, kuma firayin ministan kasar bi da bi. A cewar shi, kungiyar ta zama baƙo a gare shi, shi ne wasu epoch, matsalar ta canza da kuma mutane. A takaice, ya saɓa wa kau Kaczynski mutane hade da tsohon kwaminisanci tsarin mulki da kuma ƙoƙarin buga lists na ma'aikata PiS-zamanin asirin 'yan sanda, Poland.

Tun 2004, shi aiki Gdansk filin jirgin sama Lech Wałęsa. Murabba'ai da tituna suna girmama na tsohon shugaban na "Solidarity", suna located a Amurka, Canada da kuma Faransa. A shekarar 2009 ya kasance wani abin tunawa a cikin lungu na Yaren mutanen Poland Nobel Prize nasara.

A shekarar 1981, "Lokaci", ya zama na farko da iyakacin duniya da za a sãka musu da sunan "Man na bana" mujallar. Daga Sarauniya Elizabeth II da hannãye Leh Valensa aka bayar da lakabi na cibiyar Member na Order na Bath. Har ila yau, bayar da dama umarni da lambar yabo na} asashen waje, a Vol. H. Shugaban mindar na Amurka Freedom, Faransa Tuli rinjãye, daga cikin Order of "yabo na Italian Jamhuriyar", da Sweden Order of Serafim, da Danish Order na Elephant, da Finnish Order of White Rose, da Portuguese Order of Liberty da kuma da infante dona Enrike, da Norwegian Order of St. Olav, Ukrainian Order of Prince Yaroslava Mudrogo, da Czech Order of White zaki, da Order "ga yabo na tarayyar Jamus", da Chilean Order of yabo, da Istoniyanci op ene Cross Mary Land, UNESCO ya samu lambar da sauransu.

Personal rai

Nuwamba 8, 1969 Leh Valensa aure Danuta Golos. Ma'auratan sun 8 yara: Bogdan (1970), Slawomir (1972), Przemyslaw (1974), Jaroslav (1976), Magdalena (1979), Anna (1980), Maria-Victoria (1982) da kuma Brigid (1985). Yaroslav Valensa ma ya zama wani dan siyasa kuma ya kasance wani memba na majalisar a 2005-2009, kuma a shekarar 2009 an zabe shi a majalisar Turai.

A shekarar 2008, Lech Walesa aka yi jijiyoyin zuciya jijiya stenting da na'urar bugun zuciya shigar.

Wakilin Bolek

Shekaru da dama, tsohon shugaban na Poland, an zargi a gaskiyar cewa a cikin 1970s ya kasance wani informant ga kwaminisanci m sabis, duk da ta categorical rashin amincewa da shawarar da musamman kotun a shekarar 2000, raba shi da zargin da hadin kai. Duk da haka, da talla da suke kewaye da wadannan zarge-zarge ya sake tashi a 2008. Sa'an nan da littafin da aka buga, da gwarzo aka buga Leh Valensa. Biography ƙungiyar shugaban da aka supplemented da facts wanda ya nuna cewa daga shekara ta 1970 zuwa 1976 ya yi aiki a matsayin gudanar da tsaro da sabis karkashin codename Bolek. A batun da aka tãyarwa a watan Fabrairu 2016, a lokacin da Cibiyar National Ambato tsara don gudanar da bincike da Nazi da kuma kwaminis zamanin a cikin Poland, ya janye daga bazawara na tsohon ministan harkokin kayan, bisa ga abin da Walesa an mai ba da labari na tsaro da sabis. Daga cikin abubuwan, an samu yin hadin gwiwa tare da kwamitin sulhu, sanya hannunsa a samu saboda kudi, masu zaman kansu da al'amarinsu, kuma rahotanni a kan hadin kai asiri wakili Bolek. Leh Valensa kansa ƙaryata Yiwuwar da amincin takardun da shawarar cewa akwai za a iya featured rikodi kwace daga gare shi a lokacin da search.