"Liberty, kauna, Daidaitan!" - kasa taken Faransa Jamhuriyar

Faransa Jamhuriyar - shi ne daya daga cikin na farko kasashen a Turai, wanda ya soke gargajiya monarchical nau'i na gwamnati, kuma ta haka ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa babban canje-canje a cikin zaman jama'a sani na mutane a kasashen da dama.

Tattalin arziki bango na Faransa juyin juya halin

By bayyanar da Faransa Jamhuriyar kawo wani juyin juya halin, wanda dade daga 1789 zuwa 1794 shekaru. A Sanadin juyin juya halin za a iya daukarsa a matsayin mai zurfi zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da rikicin da ya buga Faransa a lokacin. A kasar ta cike cikakkar daular mulkinsu, kuma shi ba zai iya warware dukkan matsalolin, kare ne kawai da bukatun da galihu Elite al'umma. History of Faransa jihar ya kasance kullum da tarihi na gidan gwamnati, amma ta 1789 ya bayyana cewa mafi ba zai iya ci gaba. Manyan komai a fili aristocracy mulki kasar, akwai wata babbar lamba na manoma, masu tattalin arziki da dogara a kan mulkin gargajiya da sarakunanku. A halin yanzu ya fara ci gaban masana'antu samar, ma'aikata aka bukata ga shuke-shuke. Liberty, Daidaitan, kauna Faransa gane kamar yadda wata dama ga kowa mutum ya yi aiki ba kawai a cikin karkara amma kuma a cikin birnin.

Bugu da kari, da manoma ya ci gaba da za a lalace, yayin da monarch da ayarinsa wofintar da aljihun liyãfa a gare su. Wannan al'amari ya sa mai girma rashin biyan bukata a cikin mutane.

A ruhaniya bango na Faransa juyin juya halin

Faransa juyin juya halin da aka shirya ayyukan da haske na karni na sha takwas. Masana falsafa kamar Voltaire da kuma La Rochefoucauld, aka wa'azi da fice halaye na mutum zuciya. Sun yi imani da cewa babban ma'anar canji na al'umma - wannan shi ne 'yanci, fraternity, daidaici. Duk mutanen da ya kamata da daidaita hakkoki, ko da kuwa abin da aji su ne kuma abin da kudi matsayi. Rigakafin amfani da wani sashi na mutane na sauran, cikin yarjejeniyoyin da serfdom - Waɗannan su ne ka'idodi cewa propelled Faransa haske.

A tuki sojojin na juyin juya halin

Faransa juyin juya halin da aka shirya da uku da manyan sojojin. A farko daga cikin wadannan za a iya gani a matsayin Faransa manoma, wanda ya wuya ya biya mulkin gargajiya sadãkõkinsu, na biyu yana dauke su cikin birnin ta yawan - sana'a, da ma'aikata, a general, da aiki mutane. Uku karfi za a iya daukan matsayin bourgeoisie, wanda sarrafawa da masana'antu da kuma tafiyar da kasuwanci. Dukan su shiga Faransa taken "Liberty, fraternity, daidaici."

Dukkan wadannan sojojin da aka ha a gaskiyar cewa Sarkin ya kamata a cire daga ikon da ya ba mutane da kundin tsarin mulkin a cikin abin da mutum da kuma yancin] an da aka gano. Amma akwai bambance-bambance. Saboda haka, bourgeoisie wakilan yi imani da cewa 'yanci,' yan'uwantaka, daidaito da kyau har zuwa wani ɗan lokaci, sa'an nan kuma za ka iya fara mayar da hankali babban birnin kasar da kuma albarkatun a cikin hannun mutum daya.

Hakika na juyin juya halin. Amurka Janar

Korol Lyudovik XVI ya yanke shawarar cewa, saboda da wuya kudi da kuma tattalin arziki halin da ake ciki a kasar, kana bukatar ka tattara da Amurka Janar, kuma a kallafa ministan Necker. May 5, 1789 suka taru, karkashin jagorancin ministan Mirabeau. Ya yi imani da cewa Faransa juyin juya halin taken iya tsoratar da mafi yawan mutane, don haka kana bukatar ka je zuwa ƙungiyar na sarki, malamai da kuma mutane. Amma sai ya juya waje, cewa Sarkin ba ya son su yarda da kuma zuwa ga gudanar da sauye-sauye. Bugu da ƙari, ya yi kokarin fasa da Amurka Janar, wanda a wannan lokacin ya juya zuwa ga majalisar dokokin kasar. Faransa taken "Liberty, Daidaitan, kauna" ya ba dace ga kowa da kowa.

Kamar yadda ministan Mirabeau ƙi ta soke taron jama'a, dakarun kasashen waje shiga Paris, wanda ya kunshi Jamus da kuma Swiss sojojin haya. Yana da aka sallame ta ministan Necker, kuma wannan ya} ashin don fara wani babban-sikelin rare tawaye. "Liberty, fraternity, daidaici!" - ihu da Parisians, wanda ya so ya kifar da iko a kan kome monarch.

Bastille

Yuli 14, 1789 aka dauke su wani fitaccen mai kwanan wata a cikin tarihi na Faransa. A wannan rana, to hadari da kurkuku, wato, da Bastille, ya tafi takwas Parisians tare da su, suna da biyu Rasha.

Bastille aka asali dauke su a kurkuku ga manyansu, amma daga nan, a lokacin Louis XVI, sanya daga gare shi, a yau da kullum kurkuku. Its alama ya iya hakuri da yanayin da ake tsare, inda fursunoni da damar yin aiki da kuma karanta. M Bastille komai - a lokacin shan shi dauke da kawai bakwai fursunoni.

Bastille aka ko'ina yaba a matsayin babban rabo na yanci da adalci. Mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa yanci, 'yan'uwantaka, daidaitaka, bayan halakar da kurkuku ya karshe ya zo gaskiya.

rabo na jamhuriyar

A wannan lokaci, da Municipality na Paris da aka soke, da kuma ya zama birnin da mulki Municipality, wanda aka gudanar da zama ƙarƙashin kawai zuwa majalisar tarayya. A karkashin matsin lamba daga cikin talakawa a watan Agusta, 'yan limaman da nobility barranta su galihu matsayi. Agusta 26 zo sanannen jawabi na Rights daga Man da kuma na Citizen. Liberty, fraternity, daidaici zama ta key Concepts. Yana gane da free nufin kowane mutum, da hakkin ya kai shiba. Mutane da yawa haraji aka soke, da kuma manoman hũra da yardar kaina. Soke zakka da wajibi biyan haraji da sarakunanku.

Korol Lyudovik XVI ya zama garkuwa da su na sabon hukumomi, da ɗan'uwansa, kuma sauran 'yan Faransa nobility hijira. Yuni 20, 1791 sarauta iyali kokarin tsere wa kasashen waje don koci, amma ya kasa, sai aka mayar da ku.

A kifar da daular mulkinsu da kuma Accession na Jamhuriyar

A watan Agusta, 1792 a zaben da ya faru a cikin National Convention, halin da ake ciki da aka dami. Satumba 20 ya ta farko sujada, da farko wannan umurnin soke daular mulkinsu.

Ba da da ewa Korol Lyudovik da aka kashe, da kuma yaki a Faransa da kuma sauran ƙasashe. "Liberty daidaito, fraternity" - counter to wadannan inscriptions son ganin a mazaunan wasu ƙasashe. A farko na Fabrairu, France tafi yaki tare da kasar Birtaniya. Birtaniya Ministan Pitt Uilyam da Matasa fara tattalin arziki kawancen na Faransa, da kuma wannan shafi jihar da kasa. A Faransa, da yunwa da kuma tawaye da sojojin janyo ra'ayoyin jama'a. Sai ya fara jayayya da juna Jacobins da Girondins, jam'iyyun biyu a Convention. Daya daga cikin manyan yunkuri Danton halitta a kwamitin Jama'a Safety, wanda shekaru da yawa don su yadda ya kamata ta magance tattalin arziki da siyasa al'amurran da suka shafi.

baƙauye garambawul

A 1792, Yarjejeniyar ta qaddamar da wani babban-sikelin redistribution na ƙasar garambawul a cikin ni'imar da manoma. Farmers sun samu da kuma sauran gata. Suka gane cewa babban taken Faransa Jamhuriyar - shi ne don taimaka wa aiki mutane daga alƙarya, kuma m ma'aikata. All mulkin gargajiya aikinsu aka soke, kadarori na noblemen sunã mãsu hijira, aka raba kananan mãkirci kuma sayar, don haka da cewa ba su iya saya ko wani attajiri manoma. Wannan garambawul da aka daidaita nasaba da juyin juya halin da manoma, da kuma sun daina mafarki na sabuntawa na daular mulkinsu.

Land kawo canji shi ne mafi resistant a Faransa tarihi, da kuma sabon administrative rabo na Faransa ya zauna lokaci mai tsawo, yayin da tsakiyar tsaye daga ikon da aka m.

Bugu da ari canje-canje a cikin tsarin mulki a Faransa

A 1794 da kasar da aka mulki ta hanyar Robespierre da kwamitin Jama'a Safety. Robespierre kashe Hébert da sauran yunkuri. 27 Yuli Robespierre gwamnatin da aka narkar, kuma ya aka aiko zuwa guillotine.

A taron da aka karya up a 1795, da kuma Cavaliers mãsu hijira fara duba hanyoyin da za a koma zuwa ga mahaifarsa. Liberty, Daidaitan, kauna Faransa gane su a matsayin wata damar sake samu wani ɓangare na da tsohon ikon.

Oktoba 28, 1795 wanzu sabon Faransa Jamhuriyar. A ta kai tsaye Directory. A wannan lokacin, Faransa sun kaddamar da yaƙe-yaƙe na ci a Turai, da kuma darektan aka ƙoƙarin su sãmi ci gaba da yaki.

A karshen 1795 Barras jadawali kõma ga danniya na tawaye a Paris, matasa Janar Napoleon Bonaparte. Bonaparte yi imani da cewa "Liberty, Daidaitan, kauna" - shi ne taken na Faransa jama'a, ta yi shiru. Da ɗan'uwansa - Lyusen Bonapart - wani mai hankali da kuma nisa-gani siyasa wadanda suka taimaka wajen Napoleon ya kama mulki.

16 ga watan Oktoba, Napoleon sojojin zo a Paris, da kuma aka dauke da cewa alamu na Faransa juyin juya halin. Saboda haka, ya aka gaishe da babbar sha'awa. A zamanin mulkin Bonaparte directory halitta a kusa da wani jerin Faransa da tauraron dan adam jihohi, wanda goyon sarki a ta tsarin mulki. A kasar zama mafi kuma ya jagoranci ta wani sabon karfi shugaban - Napoleon Bonaparte.

Ma'anar Faransa juyin juya halin shi ne cewa a karshe hambarar da mulkin gargajiya tsarin da kuma taimaka sarautar jari hujja. A da karfi buga na karni na sha takwas, kuma da shi a m canji na zamantakewa tsarin na kasar da aka cimma.