Matsalolin muhalli na West Siberian Bayyana. Matsalar mutum da yanayi a Yammacin Siberia

Yau, kusan wata tambaya na muhalli aminci ne musamman m a duk ƙasashe na duniya. Babu wani abu abin mamaki a cikin wannan: m, kuma m amfani da albarkatun kasa ya kai ga cewa a wannan lokacin akwai hadari ba ne kawai don bacewar mafi yawan dabbobi, amma 'yan adam da kanta. Shin akwai wata babbar lamba na muhalli da kuma kiyayewa shirye-shirye da rubuce iya taimaka da yawa tare da dukan matsaloli. Amma kamar yadda yawanci ya faru, duk abin da yake mai kyau kawai a kan takarda.

Wannan Gaskiya ne, a cikin kasar. Abin baƙin ciki, mun tambayi muhalli yanayin yankin ne ko da yaushe a karshen fifiko. Da zarar shi ba ya haifar da wani musamman matsaloli, amma sau canja, da kuma gurbatawa tsanani na mu ƙasarsa na karuwa a wani gangami kudi. Hakika, na zamani na kasar ba zai iya zama ba tare da dukan amfanin da cewa ba ta da wani raya masana'antu. Abin baƙin ciki, masana'antun sau da yawa da gangan kubuce asali yarda da muhalli da dokokinta, sakamakon halin da ake ciki na gurbacewar muhalli ya zama ƙara baƙin ciki.

Mun taba manta da cewa ba tare da halitta ne ba mutum. A yadda da kyau mu kare muhalli, shi ya dogara da jindadin namu yara a nan gaba, don haka da cewa permissive hali zuwa wannan tambaya shakka ba shi daraja.

Kara a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, da bunkasa masana'antu na kasar yana da kyau sakamako a kan tattalin arziki, amma da muhalli matsaloli na West Siberian Bayyana, saboda wannan karuwa da juna wucewa shekara.

Ka tuna cewa mafi raunin mahada a cikin dukan muhalli ayyuka ne tattalin arziki amfani. Ko da sauki shigarwa na lura da wuraren ne musamman tsada, kuma domin da kamfanin ya gudanar da sau da yawa "ya manta" game da su, fifita biya ba kamar yadda gwaji tara.

A bukatarsa ce ba tare da real support na jihar, wanda zai yi a] en sayen irin kayan aiki, ba tare da subsidizing da girke hadaddun muhalli ayyuka kamata ba ko da mafarki na inganta muhalli halin da ake ciki a kasar mu.

Wannan Gaskiya ne, a Yammacin Siberia. Wannan yanki shi ne don haka peculiar cewa ya kamata ya kebe wani dukan labarin.

gabatarwar

Af, inda ne West Siberian Bayyana? An located a duk faɗin ƙasa daga Urals zuwa cikin Jamhuriyar Siberian Plateau, mamaye wata babbar yankin.

Yammacin Siberia - na musamman yankin. Ta kama wata katuwar kwano, a cikin abin da yake mulki quite wuya sauyin yanayi. Age na West Siberian Bayyana - akalla miliyan 25 da shekaru. Bugu da kari, shi ne musamman a cikin ma'aunan kasa cin: ga dubban shekaru, wannan yanki ya consistently mafitar kuma fadowa, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa akwai fito da wani sabon abu da kuma da gaske wuya ƙasa. Duk da haka, da matsakaicin tsayi da West Siberian Bayyana ne kananan: a gaba ɗayansa, suka wuya ƙetare alamar 50-150 mita saman teku matakin.

Babban taimako abubuwa ne bayyane, kuma riverbeds. Mafi yawa a fili zama pronounced siffofin m ƙasa folded. A kudancin Yammacin Siberia ne tsarin da ƙasa ne ya fi kowa. A yawa na kogin tuddanta, kafa a babban adadin manyan koguna tare da jinkirin halin yanzu, kammala hoton. Wannan inda West Siberian Bayyana.

Babban halaye na ƙasa

Kamar yadda muka riga ya ce, sauyin yanayi a nan shi ne sosai musamman. Saboda haka, kudancin yankunan suna halin da furta nahiyar sauyin yanayi. Saboda gaskiya cewa siffar da taimako West Siberian bayyana wakiltar ainihin kofin (ga sama), da gagarumin yunkuri na iska taro cikin da shi ya auku. Saboda haka, kwatsam canje-canje a cikin zafin jiki cikin hunturu ba ya faru. Wannan shi ne duk da mafi m cewa tsawon na West Siberian Bayyana ne kusan 2500 kilomita dubu!

Saboda haka, ko da a Barnaul yanayin zafi sau da yawa sauke zuwa -45 digiri Celsius, amma wannan zafin jiki lura a arewacin fili, ko da yake da shi fiye da dubu biyu kilomita. Spring ne quite m, mun gwada bushe. Afrilu a cika ma'anarta ba a spring watan.

A watan Mayu, da yawan zafin jiki yakan sharply, amma saboda motsi iska talakawa daga teku baya sau da yawa sanyi, da kuma a wasu lokuta yana yiwuwa snowfall. A watan Yuli, da matsakaita zazzabi iya isa 22 digiri Celsius (amma ba fiye da 5 digiri a arewacin). Tun da matsakaicin tsayi da West Siberian Bayyana kananan, cewa sau da yawa akwai karfi biting iska.

Babban Sanadin tsanani muhalli da yanayi a yankin

Da fari dai, yanzu halin da ake ciki shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wani ambaliyar ruwa qara tsanani da hakar albarkatun kasa. A yammacin Siberia, yana da dama da masana'antun da sa lalacewar yanayin da ya fi ya furta cewa: ɓangaren litattafan almara da kuma takarda, abinci aiki, mai samar da gandunan daji. Kada ka manta game da m girma a yawan sirri Motoci, wanda kuma taimaka wa gurbatawa na aiwatar yanayi.

Abin takaici, wannan sabon abu ne kara ko a noma: a 'yan shekarun nan a Yammacin Siberia an yi amfani da sallama mai yawa na gargajiya, kashe qwari da kuma herbicides. Bugu da kari, hukumomin kasar ba su da sha'awar har ma a wasu ayyuka bisa landfills.

Da dama daga cikinsu sun dade da aka rufe, amma ci gaba da zuwa a kai a kai ƙona a kowace bazara, sau da yawa kawo mazauna kusa ƙauyuka to farfado. Saboda gaskiya cewa siffar da taimako na West Siberian Bayyana ne kama da kofin, iya for 'yan watanni da shi ne a sama da birane. Simple statistics na asibitoci nuna cewa a wannan lokaci da ake ciki ne da cika fuska wuya tare da numfashi cututtuka.

A karshe, muna ne musamman m amfani irreplaceable albarkatu na West Siberian Bayyana. A dalilan da ya kamata a nemi ko da a cikin sarauta sau. Sa'an nan kuma, kamar yadda a cikin Soviet lokaci, da farko ya fara tozarta mafi saukin m da arziki adibas, wucewa musguna tushen duk kusa gandun daji. Idan kun kasance saba da wani taƙaitaccen bayanin da West Siberian Bayyana, sa'an nan ku yiwuwa san cewa da karkararta ba kamar yadda da yawa gandun daji. Da zarar su rawanin sace kusan a ko'ina cikin yankin, amma saboda da m masana'antu na kasar kusan dukkan su aka gaba daya hallaka.

Kuma kawai sai ci gaba da ci gaban m filayen, wanda sun tabbata ga imperfections a cikin fasaha tushe sosai da sauri m.

Bugu da kari, mafi yawan albarkatun kasa a wadannan adibas, kuma zauna a can. A dalilin - shi ne guda baya fasaha. Yanzu samun to wadannan hannun jari na iya zama, amma shi zai biya aiki-m aikin da wani babbar dama dumps. Yau, kamar yadda more kuma mafi zo. Sakamako m: m adadin slag kawai clogging da ƙasa, da kuma ta taro take kaiwa zuwa wani ragewan daga ƙasa surface. A sakamakon haka, ya zama m da kuma gaba daya dakatar da karkashin kasa da kogin, karst fissures bayyana, a kusa da shi ne matukar hatsari, wani m aiki.

Tun da shekaru na West Siberian Bayyana ne game 25-30 shekaru miliyan, dũkiya a ciki mai yawa. Amma ba ɗauka cewa su hannun jari ne m.

Wani dalili - da inertia na tunani da kuma bi technocratic akidun. Mutane da yawa har yanzu imani da wani irin "superpower" na mutum, wanda ya yale shi ya yi watsi da yanayi. Sun manta da cewa biosphere - ba kawai musamman wuya, amma kuma sosai m inji, zargin almubazzarancin da kuma m baki wanda shi ne fraught tare da tsanani da matsala ga mutãne.

Duk da haka, mun riga ganin wannan: m sauyin yanayi "freaks" idan babu wani snow a watan Janairu da kuma dusar ƙanƙara a watan Yuni bã kõme ba ne sabon, sharply hannu bayyanar tsunami da tornadoes, wata babbar lamba na kifi mutuwar a sakamakon watsi da guba abubuwa a cikin kõgi. Da wannan bango, da halayyar da West Siberian Bayyana matsayin "musamman najasa" wurare ba su duba haka depressing, ko da yake duk wadannan mamaki - da links na daya da kuma guda sarkar.

Human tasiri

A yawan birane a wannan yanki ne a zahiri located in wani sashi na dindindin muhalli rikicin. Babban dalilin wannan halin da ake ciki ne a bayyane mismatch na kundin na halitta albarkatun da kare muhalli da matakan. Kawai sa, wannan mai samar da yake sannu-sannu kara, amma a kan muhalli cleanup ayyukan yanayi daga mai spills kusan babu wani.

Bugu da kari, cikin yankin yana da yawa na nukiliya Sphere, Jihar wanda a lokuta da dama ne da nisa sosai daga manufa. Tun da tsawo na West Siberian Bayyana ne low (kasa alama na m baza kamuwa da cuta), shi ne ainihin wannan yankin da aka zaba ta Soviet jagoranci ga wani makaman nukiliya gwajin. A sakamakon wannan gundumar mazauna ji wannan rana.

Ba mu ƙarasa da sosai yi magana game da yanayin fasali na yanki a farkon labarin (kamar tsawo daga cikin West Siberian Bayyana): wannan permafrost, yadu samuwa a cikin arewacin bayyana ne a bayar da tasu gudunmuwar factor ga tasowar muhalli danniya. Bugu da ƙari kuma, babu gagarumin yunkuri na iska a lokacin hunturu sakamakon a kara jari na taro smog kan manyan masana'antu birane, wanda a cikin wannan yanki yawa.

Nazarin sun nuna a fili cewa ya fi muhimmanci matsalolin muhalli na West Siberian Bayyana ne halayyar da Altai Territory, Tomsk Region, kuma Omsk yankin da kuma Khanty-Mansiysk. A cikin wadannan yankunan da hadarin ga lafiyar dan adam an wuce ta 80-85%! A general, wadannan matsalar yankunan rufe game da 15% na dukan na Yammacin Siberia.

Halaye na m watsi

A Kemerovo Novokuznetsk Prokopyevsk da Tomsk, Omsk Barnaul Tyumen da (wani karami har) da halin da ake ciki ya zama mafi troublesome a kowace shekara. A cikin iska, akwai wani kaifi karuwa a ciki da formaldehyde, phenol da benzopyrene. Dukkan wadannan abubuwa ne carcinogenic ban tsoro. Add to wannan mai girma yawan jefarwa carbon baki da kuma ferrous oxide. Kuma ba za ka iya yi mamaki da kullum girma yawan numfashi cututtuka a mutanen da suke rayuwa a cikin wadannan garuruwa. Kada ka manta game da watsi da nitrogen dioxide, wanda shi ne mai karfi da guba.

mai refining Sphere

A kowace shekara a man konewa game da miliyan bakwai cubic taya gas da cewa ba kasa da 75-80% na yawan girma. Kuma wannan duk da cewa ta fasaha asarar iya wuce 5%. Jiniyoyi na kona gas a yammacin Siberia ne a fili bayyane ko da daga sarari. Ya kamata a kara da cewa mataki na watsi da iko a cikin man refining masana'antu a yankin shi ne kasa da 0,015%. Saboda haka, matsalolin muhalli na West Siberian Bayyana aka fi mayar da lalacewa ta hanyar bad addini a kan wani ɓangare daga cikin manyan kamfanonin mai.

Radiation samu daga ƙasar

Wannan ba haka sau da yawa ce, kuma amma mafi yawan yankin na Yammacin Siberia aka located a cikin sashi na gwada manyan yankunan da rediyoaktif samu. The main "abin yabo" cewa nasa ne da kamfanin "Fi mai da hankali" da kuma "Siberian Chemical Hada." A Tomsk, inda na karshe shuka ya kamu zone a cikin radius na akalla 100 kilomita a kusa da birnin.

Kada ka manta da cewa daga ƙasa Totskii, Novaya Zemlya da Semipalatinsk gwajin site for nukiliya fashe nisa tarwatsa rediyoaktif samu. Yana kama Tomsk, Kemerovo, kuma Novosibirsk yankin. Bugu da kari, a karkashin harin jera tabbatar da wahala Altai Abuja, wanda shi ne riga kamuwa da heptyl kullum fadowa a ƙasarsa daga fadowa roka, saukarwa daga Baikonur. A lokacin daga 1953 zuwa 1961 a wadannan jeri aka sanya da yawa fashe, da sakamakon wanda har yanzu ana ji.

Amma dai ba duka. Wannan ba a ce, amma West Siberian Bayyana aka located a cikin sashi na rediyoaktif samu ne quite karfi, kamar yadda aka samar a cikin da yawa a karkashin kasa nukiliya fashe, sakamakon wanda ake ji a cikin wannan Nefteyugansk. Omsk ne quite nauyi gurbata da radiation, da tsakiyar ɓangare na birnin, yayin da ta gefe yankunan sun kasance kusan tsabta.

ruwa gurbatawa

Kusan daukacin yankin na West Siberian Bayyana, a daya mataki ko wani gurbata da ammonium, da baƙin ƙarfe salts, phenols da nitrates. Abin baƙin ciki, ko da wannan ba mafi muhimmanci batun: dukan hydrographic cibiyar sadarwa na yankin yana da wani babban matsala saboda da hakar man fetur a yankin. Duk da haka, akwai An gwada da m cikin wannan girmamawa da halin da ake ciki a kudancin West Siberian Bayyana.

Alas, amma a wasu yankunan na MPC (iyakar halatta taro) na man fetur a cikin ruwa an wuce a biyar ko 50 (!) Times. Wannan ya shafi musamman ga Novosibirsk, Tomsk, kuma Omsk yankuna. Yana da muhimmanci a gane cewa dukan (!!!), yankin arewacin Yammacin Siberia wahalar kamu haka cewa wuce haddi na 50-100 sau da kullum MPC mamaki babu wanda. Kuma yanzu - da mafi mũnin. Masana sun kiyasta cewa game da 40% na yankin ta ƙasa ne a wani m jihar muhalli da bala'i, tun da norms na man fetur abun ciki a cikin ruwa wuce 100 sau ko fiye.

Wadannan su ne matsalolin muhalli na West Siberian Bayyana. A takaice rungumar, zamu iya cewa ba duk da cewa sharri. Wadannan tsoro ne Figures ne mafi kowa a yankunan kusa da manyan birane, da kuma bayar da "talakawan zafin jiki a asibiti." Abubuwa zai iya kasance fi kyau, amma da management na mutane da yawa kamfanonin ne ba su da sha'awar da haɓaka najasa magani shuke-shuke (ko ma shigar da su). Amma da ruwa - daya daga cikin wadanda dũkiyarku, wadda shi ne musamman arziki a kasashen yamma Siberian Bayyana! Photo ta majestic koguna da a cikin labarin, don haka ka da kanka iya ganin wannan.

Masana kimiyya, hydrologists ce cewa mafi barazana halin da ake ciki a cikin kashi Biysk - Novosibirsk, Likitan mata inda mafi gurbata. Just a kasa garin Kolpashevo mataki na samu na kogin ne ma high, amma a mahaɗar tsakãninsu hoton ne mafi alheri. Kusan duk na karami na gudãna daga yankin ta halin da ake ciki shi ne cikakken m. Duk da haka, duk da wannan: wani ingantaccen da kuma gwada yawa ruwa gurbatawa da aka cin zarafi ba rage a cikin shugabanci daga arewa zuwa kudu (ga arewa samar da mafi ma'adanai).

gandun daji da albarkatun

Oddly isa, amma da amfani (kamar yadda na aikin Figures, ba shakka) na gandun daji da albarkatun da Siberia wajen fadin. A talakawan girma na cuttings girbi ba ya wuce 8%, yayin da adadin da aka 18% na kasa talakawan, da kuma a wasu lokuta ma fiye. Rashin shirya thinning take kaiwa zuwa gaskiya cewa itace ya fara tsufa da kuma mutuwa.

Saboda haka, overripe iri-iri to kwanan wata riga sa up akalla 70% a fadin yankin. Duk wannan a hankali take kaiwa zuwa da cewa da yankin Yammacin Siberia an kullum watse daga cikin real "itace annoba" sa da mamayar na itace borers da sauran kwari. Bugu da kari, saboda da gurbatawa na ruwa tebur na sama akwai m lokuta da desiccation na duka gandun daji.

Wata matsala - da wuta, wanda a cikin 'yan shekaru na "sanannen" Rasha da kuma West Siberian Bayyana. Aƙalla 65% na unplanned hasarori na itace kamar yadda lokaci da dama a kan su. Kada ka manta da cewa kimanin 25% na taiga ne a cikin aiki zone samar da man fetur, wanda kuma qara Yiwuwar walai daga manyan fannoni. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa yawan gobara dogara sun fi mayar a kan kungiyar na} ananan hukumomi. Alal misali, a cikin Kemerovo yankin cike da gandun daji, wanda aka mai tsanani shafi ta hanyar kwari, amma asarar daga wuta ne negligible (kasa da 0.2%). Ga yadda za a "gandun daji" ra'ayi halin da West Siberian Bayyana. Photo kyau taiga suna samuwa a cikin wannan labarin.

Biotopes juriya En

Hakika, da muhalli yanayin habitats a Yammacin Siberia, kazalika da wani Locality, dogara sun fi mayar a kan nasu dorewa. Cikin muhimman abubuwan da cewa hanya daya ko wani shafi da mataki na samu, suna Scotland, permafrost, da yawa daga cikin hydrographic cibiyar sadarwa. Saboda haka, akalla barga tundra da gandun daji tundra, bari ƙasa amma da yake iya dogon tsayayya muhalli al'amurran da suka shafi. Yana iya ƙarasa da cewa ma'aunan kasa tsarin da West Siberian Bayyana taimaka wa m muhalli guzuri.

A mafi wuya halin da ake ciki kuma an lura a cikin Kemerovo yankin da kuma Altai. A cikin farko idan shi ake dangantawa da wani m samar da iskar gas da man fetur, da kuma a karo na biyu - da aikin Baikonur, tun da shi da dama zuwa Altai ciyar mataki na farko roka. Muhalli yi gargaɗi da cewa wadannan yankunan kamata biya kusa da hankali ga muhalli da matakan.

Kamar yadda ka gani, da muhalli matsaloli na West Siberian Bayyana ne bambancin da sosai tsanani. Idan ba ka yi wani mataki a yanzu, gyara da yawa daga cikinsu ba aiki.