Mene ne a hukuma na curiosities? Description, tarihi da kuma wayewar

"Za a St. Petersburg, tabbata a ziyarci Kunstkammer!" - wani rabuwar kalma samun kusan kowace yawon shakatawa, da baƙo na arewacin babban birnin kasar. Mene ne a hukuma na curiosities? Mutane da yawa ne wata kalma hade da wani abu sabon abu, rare kuma m. Yana naushe daga haihuwa kwanaki, wani abu mai nisa ...

A labarin da ya bayyana a cikin daki-daki, abin da curiosities, da tarihi na halitta da na yanzu halin da ake ciki.

ra'ayi

Akwai wani labari da cewa Bitrus I yayin tafiya a kan Vasilyevsky tsibirin gan biyu ban mamaki Pine: daya reshe ko ta yaya inexplicably toho ta cikin akwati na sauran. Wannan sabon abu juna tuna impressionable Sarkin sarakuna. Da ya yi tunani a gimmick a cikin 'yan shekaru a lokacin da ziyartar diflomasiyya manufa a 1697-1698 biennium. Ingila da Holland. Sa'an nan, ya gana da abin da ake kira "hukuma na curiosities" a manya, inda suka kiyaye dukan Diva: zaspirtovannye jikinsu, cushe dabbobi, mai tarin rare kwari. Waɗannan su ne sosai farko Kunstkammer. A kalma da aka fassara daga Jamus nufin "art dakin".

Tarihi na halitta a Rasha

Peter son shi sosai ban mamaki dakin, cewa bayan ya dawo gida, sai ya farko ya tashi a irin wannan tsari na hukuma a gidan sarauta. A Holland, ya koya girke-girke na embalming, domin 30 000 Dutch guilders ya samu dukan "ofishin Ruysch". A nan gaba, kada skimp, saya sarki rare littattafai, kida, daban-daban kayan aikin, musamman kayayyakin gargajiya da na halitta abubuwan al'ajabi kasashen waje. Bayan ya bayar da umarni bisa ga abin da kowa ya samu wani sabon abu ko rare abu, na yi wuce da shi zuwa ga halittar "curiosities hukuma". Daga dukkan sasanninta na sararin Rasha Empire a cikin ofishin fara garken ban mamaki abubuwa. Ba da da ewa su zama haka m cewa su ba su sanya shi a cikin gidan sarauta. Yawa da za a adana a musamman cellars, sosai kau Bitrus, wanda ya yarda ya sa duk na curiosities a kan nuni.

Bayan da canja wuri na babban birnin kasar daga Moscow zuwa St Petersburg da kuma koma zuwa wani sabon wurin zama, Peter na koma zuwa wani sabon wuri da kuma ta curiosities. Dan lokaci, sai ya sanya su a cikin Palace na zargi Boyar Kikin, wanda aka kõre su daga babban birnin kasar tare da kwace dukiya ga shan kashi a cikin wani makircin da sarki. Da sarki ya umarta, "Kikin Chambers" kira a waje hali "majalisar na curiosities". Wannan ya faru a 1714. Wannan shekara, kuma an haife ni a cikin duniya na farko Rasha curiosities wanda photo yanzu adorns kowane jagora Bitrus.

gina gine-gine

Bitrus tarin sauri girma. A 1717, kuma a Holland aka gaba ɗaya an samu daga SEB asusun for 15 dubu. Dutch guilders. Ba da da ewa duk dabi'u iya ba su dace da "Kikin Chambers." Don saukar da su curiosities tare da yiwuwar nuna duk fata da sarki ya umarci yi na musamman da ginin. Ga shi ware Elite wuri a kan kibiyar Vasilevsky Island kusa da gidan sarki da muhimmanci jihar cibiyoyin.

Aikin da aka ci gaba da m Mattarnovi. Na farko da dutse na gaba daga cikin shahararrun gidan kayan gargajiya da aka kafa a Yuli 1718 Daga baya a kan ginin hada da irin wannan shahara Masters a matsayin Gerbel, Zemtsov da Kiaveri.

Grand bude na Kunstkammer da aka gudanar a watan Nuwamba 1728, yayin da ya gama aikin kare kawai a 1734

Ba kamar Rasha kunstkamery daga Turai

A farko "kabad na curiosities" fito a Turai a lokacin da Renaissance a cikin 15-16 ƙarni. Mene ne a hukuma na curiosities, na zuwa wani m yarima, wanda manufarsa shine ya yaba da baƙi? Wannan kawai wani taragutsan tarin rare da kuma sabon abu abubuwa, nuna da "koyarwa" na mai shi.

Bitrus ma curiosities da aka bayyana a sama, da aka asali yi cikinsa ba kamar yadda wani tãrawar na taskõkin, amma a matsayin tarin ban sha'awa kayayyakin gargajiya da cewa zai iya zama a matsayin ilimi da kimiyya dalilai. Storage da kuma amfaninsa dabi'u da aka wakkala a cikin haskaka mutane. A lokuta daban-daban, da gudanarwa, ko da ma'aikata da wani "hukuma na Peter" sun Baiburin, Baumgärtner, Gumilyov, Lomonosov, Struve, Sternberg, Pallas, Severgin da sauran masana kimiyya. Sun tattara mafi daban-daban abu - ba kawai mummuna, ko nishadi curiosities, amma yau da kullum abubuwa da cewa suna da manyan ethnographic da kuma tarihi muhimmanci, m a cikin kimiyya ji na kwari tarin, cushe tsuntsaye, da abubuwa masu rarrafe, kifi, da dabbobi, da halitta da wani daga ilimin Halittar Jiki da kuma mineralogical sassan.

Bayan halittar Rasha Academy of Sciences a 1724, babban kafofin na ƙari na hukuma na curiosities aka abubuwa kawo daga kimiyya expeditions Miller, Krasheninnikov, Messershmity, Lisiansky, Maclay, Bellingshausen, Kruzenshtern.

Mene ne a hukuma na curiosities Rasha? Yana da wani gidan kayan gargajiya, daya daga cikin tsofaffin da kuma arziki a duniya, cikin shimfiɗar jariri, da Rasha Academy of Sciences.

ban sha'awa facts

Daga ranar farko na curiosities, wani photo na wanda aka bai kasa, domin Bitrus I da aka bude ga dukan sha'awar mutane. Shigarwa da kuma dubawa na farfado da aka free.

Peter Na halitta sosai sabon abu sashen a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya wanda farfado ne dabbobi da mutane da haihuwa lahani - Cyclops, da yawa-m, da alamar ban tsoro ta ciwo da kuma sauran munanan. Kuma akwai aka ba kawai embalmed jikin da yake, amma kuma ya zama dwarves, dodanni da kuma dodanni da cewa rayuwa a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya a kudi na jama'a taskar.

Sarkin sarakuna san kowane yanki na tarin "a fuska" da kuma Mãdalla da jagora ga yardar gaya musu su wajen bãƙinsa.

Yau, da gidan kayan gargajiya na da miliyan 1.2. Farfado!