Mene ne haƙiƙa idealism?

Makasudin idealism - shi ne shugabanci na falsafa da tunani, wanda mambobin dauke da wani muhimman hakkokin manufa na duniya mutum na ibada. Daban-daban da makarantu daban-daban kira dalilai, da samuwar rayuwa a duniya - da masana tauhidi da ya yi ĩmãni da Allah, a Hegel ake magana a cikin cikakkar ruhu, da kuma Schopenhauer - duniya so. A farko wakilan wannan Trend sun zamanin d koyarwar Plato kuma Pythagoras, kuma a cikin jiki na da mabiyan su lura da amincewa da duniya da real abubuwa na al'amarin, wanda su ne batun takamaiman ka'idodinta manufa.

labarin

Da farko, kafin ci gaban falsafa da tunani a cikin wannan shugabanci da tsoho malaman, haƙiƙa idealism bayyana a cikin tsohuwar India addini art littafin "Upanishads." A da shi kayan duniya ne aka bayyana a matsayin rufe da girma Maya, ya kange ta gaskiya gaskiya na allahntaka bayyanuwar matuƙar farkon. Da cikakiyar karo na farko da wannan koyarwa ne aka bayyana a cikin falsafa ayyukan Plato, kuma a tsakiyar zamanai maye gurbin idealism zo fatawowi da labarun almara. A zamanin da batun ya shafi Hegel, F. von Schelling da G. V. Leybnits.

Hegel ta rukunan

Makasudin idealism a cikin XVIII-XIX ƙarni, suka sãɓã wa jũna muhimmanci daga zamanin d koyarwarsa, da kuma wani wuri na musamman a cikin wannan shugabanci dauki Hegel ta falsafa. Saboda haka, ya gane da ruhu na farko, ya bayyana a gaban kayan duniya, amma ba kira shi Allah, kuma da "cikakkiyar ra'ayin." A cikin littafin "Falsafa of Nature" ya ƙunshe ra'ayoyi bayyana quite mai haske, saboda kayan duniya ne ake kira da sakandare, wanda aka samu daga asali ruhu da kuma dogara a kan shi. Scientist da yin bincike na rayuwar zamantakewa, wanda kuma rinjayar da allahntaka ra'ayin, wanda ya samo asali kafin fitowan daga mutãne.

Amma, haƙiƙa idealism na Hegel mayar da hankali a kan manufar "cikakkar ruhu", wanda aka dauke masanin kimiyya a ci gaba da kuma motsi. Dialectics a cikin koyarwar Falsafa sharply contrasted tare da metaphysics, amma madogara na koyarwarsa suna da wadannan uku matsayi. Da fari dai, an yi imani da cewa adadin a karkashin wani yanayi zai iya ci gaba a cikin quality. Abu na biyu, haƙiƙa idealism a takardunku masanin kimiyya Game musu a matsayin babban tushen ci gaban. Na uku, Hegel bai yarda da musu kamar yadda irin wannan, da kuma tunanin cewa ba shi yiwuwa ya zama tabbata daga wani batu daidai.

Duk da haka, wani na musamman wuri ne shagaltar da duniya dokokin na ci gaba, da kuma gabban ne muhimmi da sabani na mamaki, da kuma irin da wani ra'ayi a cikin falsafa kimiyya na farko ya bayyana. Hegel saɓa wa metaphysicians, Absolutized analysis, da kuma shawarar da dangantakar dake tsakanin Concepts kansu. A harshen Hanyar da tarin zahirin tsarin na sharply tsayayya wa juna, saboda masanin kimiyyar ya sani ci gaba, canje-canje a yarda da zahirin gaskiya , da kuma motsi na duniya ya da wani sabon abu.

Rukunan Schelling

Makasudin idealism na Schelling game da ci gaban da falsafar hali, wanda ya zama wani zaman kanta batu na bincike. Ya mayar da hankali a kan cikakken nazari na tsauri tsari, tun da lokaci na aiki ya zo daidai da zamanin da mafi muhimmanci binciken a fagen Physiology, kimiyyar lissafi, sunadarai, kuma electrodynamics. Makasudin idealism ne cikakken bayyana a cikin view of Schelling, kamar yadda shi ne spiritualized al'amari kanta. The masanin kimiyyar da aka ba iyakance zuwa da ra'ayoyi na halitta ci gaban da duniya, da kuma neman a abu da ake yi karatu real tsauri hamayya da juna. Hadishi, ya bayar da hujjar cewa duniya za a iya sani ta hanyar dalilin, wanda ya kai ga bayyanar ma'ana tunani mutum.