Mene ne jiha? Definition na short, fasali da kuma ra'ayi na

Ba haka sauki amsa tambaya daga abin da irin wannan jiha. Tabbatar da dalilin (short ko An fashe), wannan ra'ayi yana mai yawa zažužžukan. Kimiyya Figures a cikin ayyukansu gaba daya daban-daban tsarin kula da bayanin wannan rukuni, wanda ke taka daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci matsayin a rayuwar al'umma da.

A general, a takaice dai maanar manufar jihar ne kungiyar na al'umma, da ciwon muradun jimlace, dole ciwon musamman a tsare yanki tsarin gudanar da cikakken ikon mulkin.

manufar "jiha" inda aka yi amfani da?

"Jihar" kamar yadda wani lokaci da cewa na bukatar ganewa da ake amfani da dama riƙa. Yawancin lokaci, shi:

• Sphere na shari'a dangantakar, inda gwamnatin sau da yawa abubuwa a matsayin ta m abu a fuskar jihar jikinsu.
• Sphere na siyasa tsakanin kasashen, a cikin abin da jiha ne ma wani muhimman hakkokin kashi a kayyade da vector na ci gaba jama'a duka a cikin gida da kuma waje matakan.
• Sphere na zamantakewa gami, a cikin abin da Jihar an kuma ba da wani yawan ayyukan zamantakewa kariya na al'ummar jihar.

Me ya sa babu wani guda definition na jihar?

Duk da haka dai, abin da yake a jihar (da definition short ba zai iya saukar da dukan jigon da ra'ayi), wani unambiguous amsar ba zai iya ba ko da kimiyya.
Babu wani guda, gane a duk kimiyya filayen bayanin manufar "jiha". Dokokin kasa da kasa kuma m, a wannan al'amari.

Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta bata da wata alaka da wadannan kwatancin yadda gane wani Jihar ko ta gudanarwa iya zama wani jihar. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ne ba a mulki. Shi ne wata kungiya, daya daga cikin mafi m kuma mafi girma a duniya al'umma ba shi da da ya dace Service ikon ƙayyade a shari'a matakin, abin da yake cikin jihar. Gajeren lokaci, shine abubuwan da kayyade category a matsayin babban siyasa kungiyar na al'umma, motsa jiki da iko, management, kariya daga tattalin arziki da zamantakewa Tsarin, a general, ya ba da wani nuni da cewa jihar a cikin sarkar "jiha-jama'a" ne jagorancin kashi. Wannan definition samarwa a thesauruses Schwedov da Ozhegova.

Tabbatas da ra'ayi na jihar ta marubuta daban-daban

Don gane da yadda takaice dai definition yayi dace da ra'ayi na jihar, dole ne ka nema zuwa ƙarin wallafe-wallafe. Alal misali, a jihar - wani musamman horar da karfi na doka da oda. Ernest Gellner buga kanta a jerin jihar cibiyoyin wanda tafin kafa dalili ne ya hana cuta. Ware kansu daga cikin taro na yawan zamantakewa kotu, 'yan sanda da kuma hukumomi haka ne jihar.

A matsayin misali, yana da ajalin da yawa ma'ana, wanda zai iya tunawa da sanarwa na L. Grinina cewa irin wannan jiha. Definition na short, ko kuma wajen da ma'anar ne kamar haka: jihar - a tsaye naúrar na siyasa tsakanin kasashen, wakilta a cikin gwamnati da kuma gwamnati a rabu da mutane, wadda tayi da'awar kawai zuwa saman management. Haka kuma, bisa ga mawallafin, yawan iko ne, ko da son zuciyarsa kuma da nufin, kamar yadda a cikin kasar a can za su kasance kullum dakarun ga aiwatar da kama-karya.

Ba shi yiwuwa a buga da kuma da gaske "winged" Lenin jawabinsa VI - da shugaban kasar Rasha mutane a farkon karni na ashirin. Da taƙaitacciyar definition yayi dace da ra'ayi na jihar, idan mun yi la'akari da karshen tare da wani karin m gefe. Ya yi imani da cewa jihar - shi ne da wata na'ura tsara don manufar low-sa ciki, taimaka wajen rike da mafi aji a biyayya ga sauran yawan jama'a. Sau da yawa, Lenin kira jihar na'ura na tashin hankali.

Kasar da kuma Jihar: akwai wani bambanci?

Misalai daga fassarar wannan ra'ayi, shi a fili ba zai iya kai wa ga wata guda na kowa definition. Zai yiwu ga fahimta da wasu al'amurran da asalin jihar, ta iri da kuma halaye, za su iya samun wannan amsar.

Sau da yawa, "jiha" da "al'umma" ya bayyana a matsayin identically daidai sharuddan. Shin wannan gaskiya ne? Shin, akwai wani bambanci, kuma yake da muhimmanci? Magana game da sama wording, yana yiwuwa ya jaddada fi na asali da kuma kira, cewa irin wannan jiha. Tabbatar da dalilin takaice dai tabbatar da cewa wannan shi ne wani siyasa tsarin mulki shigar a kan wani takamaiman populated yankin. A kasar kuma hidima mafi Gwargwadon, al'adu, da tarihi, ethnographic ra'ayi.

farko jiha

Wajibi ne a kula da wani abu, inda kada zo daga management, da kuma cewa irin wannan jiha. A dunkule definition al'umma ta ci gaba da tarihin kusan ba zai yiwu a sami. Masana kimiyya a nan ne ma daban-daban, ra'ayin, don haka ya kira kowa Sanadin irin wannan inji, kamar yadda a jihar, za a iya ba wanda. Hakika, kasancewar dama theories aka tabbatar da babban aikin yi da masana tarihi da kuma lauyoyi, amma ba daya daga cikin versions don lashe kyautar da matsayi na "gaskiya" ba tukuna zai yiwu.

Babu wata tantama, kuma indisputably daya iya cewa kawai, inda na farko a jihar. Iraq, Misira, China, India - kasar da zamani, game da haila daga cikin Ancient Gabas, suna da mafi tsawo tarihi na zama. Daga cikin theories na asalin wadannan jihohi manyan matsayi shagaltar da:

• Patriarchal ka'idar.
• Tauhidi ka'ida .
• A ka'idar zamantakewa kwangila .
• A ka'idar da tashin hankali .
• Akidar Karl Marx ka'idar.

A ra'ayi na bin doka da oda

Duk da haka, kawo jigon kowane daga cikinsu tare, ka samu wani m definition na jihar da shi za a iya dauke da wani musamman irin na siyasa kungiyar, ba a kula da kama-karya a kan sanya yankin duk zamantakewa tafiyar matakai. Shi ne m, a kansa aiki da kuma gudanar a Karkasa hanya ta hanyar kafa doka norms ko guda akida.

A dokar iya sau da yawa sami manufar "doka jihar." Brief definition na lokaci ya zama zai yiwu ne kawai bayan halitta na tonawa ciki ciki Categories.

Features na bin doka da oda

Lokacin da majestic iko da dukan aiki da aka kayyade doka norms, ka'idodin dokar, jihar za a iya kira doka. A gaskiya, shi ne na daidaitawa da kuma mara riko da ka'idodinta, haramun da kuma bin doka da oda - Waɗannan su ne babban fasali na bin doka da oda.

Ka yi la'akari da wannan ra'ayi na iya zama ba kawai a kan wani ɓangare na jihar kama-karya ko ya kiyaye da wasu sharudda na dokar da zaran bawa gefe. A ra'ayi na "Jihar dokar" za a iya fassara a matsayin wata hanya ta influencing da istinbadi dalĩli, saiti saduwa da na karshe na wannan dokoki na dokar cewa su ne m ga m aiwatar da wasu yadudduka na al'ummar jihar.

Bugu da kari, a Jihar dokar da hakkoki da abubuwan da yanci ya na mutum da jama'a ne gaske da suke da fifiko darajar duk duniyoyin da dangantaka da jama'a.

Tarayya jihar: bayani dalla-dalla

Musamman dacewa shi ne a yi la'akari da wannan a matsayin wani tarayya jihar. A takaice dai definition na notional raka'a zai daidai gano babban fasali da kuma halaye na jihar mahaluži cewa bambanta da shi daga kama da tsarin.

Biyu kalmomi mu iya cewa shi ne quite wani hadadden siyasa-administrative samuwar, kunsha na raba yankin abokai. Ya bambanta da unitary jihar, inda cikin yankuna da isasshen dalili da kuma wani lokacin rarraba iko, a cikin hali na tarayyar administrative-yankin raka'a suna dauke da za'a fadada gwaninta da kuma cin gashin a cikin kusan dukkan al'amurran siyasa, tattalin arziki da kuma rayuwar zamantakewa.

Features na wani tarayya jihar

A halayyar fasali na wani tarayya jihar ne:

• yankin rabo daga cikin Tarayya cikin raba administrative raka'a;
• da hakkin daukar doka ayyukan, nasu tsarin mulki nasa ne duk federated abokai.
• kowane administrative naúrar na Tarayya na da jama'a hukumomi.
• dan kasa na dindindin mazauna Federation za a iya ninki biyu: da All-Union da kuma takamaiman tarayya batu;
• tarayya jihar majalisar dokokin kasar ne m bicameral.

Rasha - wata wadanda mutane jiha. A wuri na coci a cikin al'umma

Rasha kundin tsarin mulki ya furta cewa, jihar ne, addini. Wannan yana nufin cewa coci ne rabu da girma da iko na harkokin, kuma babu wani daga cikin addinan duniya ba kafa a matsayin wata babbar iko a cikin m, ko wajibi. Duk da haka, wasu fannoni na addini da kuma doka matsayi na majami'u a kan ƙasa na zamani Rasha jihar ke kula da dacewa da dokokin.

Yau, a kan misali na Rasha za su iya zama a kusa look at abin da wadanda mutane jiha. Brief definition ya furta cewa, kasar ba zai iya zama wani hukuma, gwamnatin yabo addini, m, ko fĩfĩta. Duk da haka, shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan da coci ya da yawa ƙarfafa matsayinsu a jihar. Rãyar da muhimmancin da kuma nauyin da rawar da addini a kasar ta rayuwa da aka bayyana a cikin da yawa hanyoyi. Wannan shi ne wani aiki yi da kuma sake gina majami'u, da kuma ilimi da na jama'a ta hanyar jaridu, radio, da kuma online albarkatun. A gaban Mai Tsarki da sarki na All Rasha kan muhimmanci events da kuma jama'a holidays gaba ga jihar shugabannin - riga ya saba sabon abu.

, The bude musamman addini makarantun sakandare a cikin yawan za a iya gani a kan Activity Ikklisiya ziyarar.