Mene ne tsarin dabara na isoprene

Mene ne isoprene? A general dabara na fili alhakin homologue jerin diene hydrocarbons, yana da wani abun da ke ciki CnH2n-2. Mun bincika wasu hanyoyin da shiri na sinadaran mahadi, da kuma gano ainihin ikon yinsa, daga gare ta.

Taƙaitaccen bayanin da jiki Properties

Mun jera asali jiki Properties na isoprene. Wannan diene hydrocarbon -toxic, yana da negligible solubility a ruwa. High yawa na wannan miyagun ƙwayoyi da narcotic sakamako. Matsakaicin canja taro, m da mutane, aka dauke su 40 MG / cm ^3. Tare da karuwa a cikin wannan nuna alama ne 2-isoprene-1.3 yana da wani mummunan tasiri a kan mutum psyche. Karkashin al'ada yanayi, abu ne mai colorless maras tabbas ruwa da ciwon low tafasar batu.

Musamman sinadaran Properties

Abin da characterizes tsarin dabara na isoprene? biyu biyu shaidu ne ba a cikin abun da ke ciki na kwayoyin fili. Su faye hali na asali sinadaran interactions da cewa wakilin diene mahadi tare da wasu kwayoyin da inorganic abubuwa. Isoprene ne quite sauƙi oxidized a iska oxygen, cikinsa da dauki kayayyakin ne peroxides.

Polymerization

Shin a cikin Polymerization na isoprene? A general dabara na aji ga abin da hydrocarbon yana da siffar CnH2n-2. Kamar sauran 'yan homologue jerin 1,3-butadiene, isoprene iya kafa wani high-kwayoyin fili.

A dauke da fitar da Polymerization aiwatar da samuwar CIS kuma trans polyisoprene, wanda suke analogues na halitta roba.

Shiri na halitta roba

Abin da isoprene? A halayen da faruwa a wannan lokaci hade da hira da isoprene monomer a cikin polymer - polyisoprene. Domin kadaici na halitta roba da ciwon tsarin kama 2-1,3-metilbutadienom, nema latex na wurare masu zafi da itatuwa.

A sakamakon ruwan 'ya'yan itace da aka hõre wani vulcanization magani kunsha a sulfur chloride. A wannan sinadaran dauki roba garwaya da wasu sulfur, nemowa plasticity, elasticity. A Polymerization samfurin da aka barga zuwa zazzabi, m sunadarai. A tsarin dabara na isoprene bayyana kwarara halaye na vulcanization tsari.

Idan wannan sinadaran hulda dauki da sulfur a cikin kewayon 25 zuwa 40 bisa dari, za a iya samu katakon kanya. Wannan abu ya high ƙarfi, da ake amfani da matsayin kyakkyawan insulating abu. A tsarin dabara na isoprene, wadda ta zo a cikin lamba tare da sulfur, ya ƙunshi wani biyu shaidu. Ya yi bayani game da samfurin tsarin da ta inji ƙarfi.

Polyisoprene rubbers sami duk polymers amfani a yi da jirgin sama, mota, da keke, da bẽnãye , kuma tayoyin.

Abin da kuma zai iya gaya tsarin dabara isoprene? Shi ne iya Bugu da kari dauki na biyu shaidu da kwayoyin galogenovdorodov, halogens, hydrogen, ruwa. Wadannan halayen tabbatar isoprene na zuwa aji na unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Hanyoyin da masana'antu shiri na

Akwai hanyoyin da dama na masana'antu samar da isoprene. Alal misali, ta maida martani acetylene da acetone dauki shafi samuwar matsakaici metibutinola. Bayan ta hydrogenation, bi da dehydration na samar isoprene. Shi ne kuma zai yiwu a samu 2-methylbutadiene-1,3 propylene. A zabin da catalysts za a iya kara a matsayin ƙarin abubuwa zuwa sama methane.

A amfani da isoprene

The girma na samar isoprene da ake amfani da kira na isoprene roba. Ya ke jiki da kuma sinadaran halaye ne kusan m zuwa halitta kayan. Ƙarin aikace-aikace na ƙãre high-kwayoyin fili da ake kira yi na mota tayoyin.

Bugu da kari ga CIS-isomer, daga cikin Polymerization kayayyakin akwai kuma trans isomer, da ciwon da halaye na gutta percha. Ya ba shi da wani musamman masana'antu aikace-aikace. Wannan polymeric abu ne ya haifar da wani ball for wasan na golf kazalika da samar da rufi na lantarki wayoyi. Daga cikin muhimman aikace-aikace sassa za a iya bambanta isoprene kira na polymeric kayan samar da wata styrene-isoprene-styrene. Products daga irin wannan aka yi amfani a matsayin thermoplastic kayan, adhesives, matsa lamba m.

Isoprene ake bukata domin kira na butyl roba, ta gwada yawa abun ciki a cikin ta je uku cikin dari.

Tun karshen karni na karshe a Amurka ya fara sayar da samar da terpenes daga feed cakuda isoprene, acetylene, acetone. A fasahar, wanda dogara ne a kan wannan hanyar, a shafe biyu-mataki kira.