Mene ne harshen jihar da kuma muhimmancin da yake da ita ga kasar? Yaya abubuwa suke tare da shi a kasarmu? Shin akwai yiwuwar akwai wasu harsuna da yawa?
Babban Yanayi
Tsarin Tsarin Mulki ya ba da kyautar cewa harshen jihar na Jamhuriyar Rasha yana tsakiyar kuma irin wannan ana amfani dashi a duk faɗin ƙasar. Anyi amfani da shi a waɗannan ƙasashe inda akwai tsarin tsarin ƙasa na al'umma, da harsuna da dama. Hakika, wannan yana tare da wasu matsalolin. Bayan haka, yana da muhimmanci a bincika batutuwa na tsarin shari'a don dukan sauran harsunan da aka yi amfani da su a wani yanki. Kuma sau da yawa halitta sunadaran don kariya daga kabilu. Ga jihohin da aka yi amfani da harshe guda ɗaya, wannan tsari kawai yana aiki ne a matsayin sanarwa na halin yanzu. Idan akwai barazanar waje, zai iya aiki a matsayin haɓakar ƙarfafawa. Wannan shi ne abin da harshen jihohi yake. Bari mu dubi muhimmancinta a duniyar zamani. Kuma a nan gaba kuma gano ko wane ƙasashe wace harshe suke magana.
Muhimmancin al'amarin
Mafi sau da yawa, harsunan jihohi ba a gabatar su magance matsalolin ba. Wannan, a matsayin mai mulkin, an ƙaddara wasu ƙananan ci gaban. Bari mu dubi misalai biyu. Akwai kasashe kamar Italiya da Finland. Sun yi imanin cewa wani ɓangare na yawan asalin 'yan asalin ya kai 94.06% da kuma 93.35%. A Italiya, babu ka'idodin doka a kan harshen jihar. Amma a Finland, wannan matsayi ne ba kawai ga Finnish ba, har ma ga Yaren mutanen Sweden. Ko da yake ana amfani dashi ne kawai da 6.21% na yawan jama'a. Mene ne harshen jihar, ko ya zama dole kuma abin da ya kamata a ba shi - wannan kowace ƙasa ta yanke shawarar wannan.
Tarihin ci gaba a Rasha da kuma tsohon Soviet Union
Rashanci a matsayin harshen harshe da aka siffanta a farkon watan Oktobar 1991. A 1993, wannan matsayin ya kasance a cikin Tsarin Mulki. A lokaci guda kuma, an bai wa 'yan Republican doka don kafa da amfani da harsuna a cikin batutuwa. Kodayake ya kamata a lura cewa wannan shi ne kawai ƙarfafa tsarin halin yanzu. Saboda haka, a cikin jihohin uku, an yi wannan kafin abubuwan da suka faru a watan Oktobar 1991. Ana iya ganin irin wannan abu a kan ƙasa na dukan tsohuwar Soviet Union. Don haka, harshen Jihar na Rasha shine irin wannan a ƙasar Jamhuriyar Belarus. Ko da yake ya kamata a lura cewa wannan ba a kiyaye a duk ƙasashe ba. Don haka, a cikin wasu ƙasashe akwai maye gurbin harshen Rasha. A wasu, ana iya ganin waɗannan matakai har yanzu. Ya yiwu ya tuna da Tajikistan, inda kawai 'yan watanni da suka wuce, an haramta sunayen sunayen Rasha.
Dalilin dalilai na irin wannan manufar harshen a cikin Rasha
Ayyukan farko na yin rajistar takardun kudade ba shine ƙarfafa matsayi na Rasha ba saboda matsayinsu zuwa matsayi na kasa daya. Sa'an nan dõgara a kan bukatar karfafa doka harshen siyasa, don warware wata yawan matsaloli. Har ila yau, wajibi ne a nuna nuna hadin kan jihar, wanda ya fi muhimmanci a lokacin 91-93. Bayan haka, to, akwai alamu da yawa na rarrabewa da kuma sha'awar rabawa daga jihar (wanda, duk da haka, a cikin wani raunin da ya raunana yanzu ana iya lura da shi a wasu batutuwa na Rasha). Sa'an nan kuma yana da muhimmanci a magance matsalolin da sauri, sabili da haka, kuma ya yi amfani da dukkan hanyoyi.
Yanayin halin yanzu
Yanzu ana amfani da Rasha a cikin hanyar sadarwa. Yawanci ana wakilta shi a matakin mafi girma. Don ƙaddararsa, ana amfani da ra'ayoyin biyu: harshe na jihohi da harshe na hukuma. Kowannensu yana daidai. Abin takaici, har zuwa yau babu cikakkiyar ma'anar kowane ɓangaren. Sabili da haka, ba zamu iya samo wata mahimmanci game da bambanci tsakanin juna ba. An lura da hankali akan gaskiyar cewa a kan rukunin Rasha ne kadai aka fahimci harshen - harshen Rasha, wanda yawancin mutanen kasar suke amfani dashi. Don nazarin shi, kasar tana kirkiro dukkan yanayin da ake bukata. Babban halayyar da cewa shi ne a gaskiya, shi ne gaskiya cewa Rasha harshen da ake amfani a gida gwamnatin da kuma a cikin gabobin na jihar ikon, rikodin-kiyaye, shari'a da sauransu.
Bambancin bambance-bambance
Bari mu dubi manufofi na jihohi da harsunan hukuma daga ra'ayi na UNESCO. Suna la'akari da su su kasance kusa, amma ba ma'ana ba. Don haka, an tambayi masana a shekara ta 1953 don bayyana matsayin harshen harshe wanda aka haɓaka siyasa, al'adu da zamantakewa. Don haka, idan akwai wani bikin taro, to, ana gudanar da ita a Rasha. Yayinda harshen da ya dace daga ra'ayi na UNESCO ya kasance daya da ake amfani dashi don gudanar da harkokin gwamnati, dokokin da tsarin shari'a. Ana iya ganin irin wannan fasalin a cikin tsarin mulki na Poland, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Slovakia, Austria, Turkey da Cyprus. Ma'anar tana da rikice-rikice a Faransanci da Spain, da kuma a wasu ƙananan jihohin (wannan shi ne saboda ƙayyadaddun dokokin gida). Wannan shi ne saboda ana amfani da harshe mafi yawan mutane a matsayin hanyar magance tsarin, da kuma sakamakon ayyukan na ƙasar.
Game da fasali
Yanzu bari mu dubi ƙarshen kullun don mu fahimci abin da harshen jihohi yake. Da farko, dole ne a lura da dangantaka ta kusa da ƙasar ta ainihi. A cikin Rasha, harshen jihar yana aiki ne don sadarwa a cikin manyan abubuwan da ke tattare da hulɗar jama'a. Har ila yau yana aiki a matsayin wata alamar kuma yana riƙe da wasu ƙasashe. Harshen jihohi a cikin kowace ƙasa mai daraja yana da fifiko a ci gaba da amfani. Saboda haka, baya daga hukuma Sphere, shi za a iya samu karin ilimi da kuma taro sadarwa. Kuma yanzu bari mu magana game da jihar harsuna na duniya, kazalika da da Rasha Federation.
A ina, menene kuma a wane mataki suke amfani?
Bari mu fara da inda ake amfani da harshen Rashanci azaman harshe na gari. Akwai kasashe biyu kawai: Belarus da Rasha. Akwai 4 more kvazisubekta: da Pridnestrovian Harshen Maldavian Jamhuriyar, LC, DNI kuma Kudu Ossetia. Amma tun da rikice-rikice suna raguwa a wa annan yankuna kuma akwai kadan da za'a iya fahimta da matsayinsu na doka, za a manta da su. Kasashen da ake amfani da Rasha a cibiyoyin jihohi da na birni kuma yana da matsayi na matsayin Kazakhstan da Kyrgyzstan. Ba kalla ba, wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa basu da aikin yin amfani da maganganun su, da kuma muhimmancin dogara ga Rasha ta zamani. Kuma yanzu bari mu tafi cikin kasashe inda aka sanya ayyukan hukuma zuwa harshen Rasha. Waɗannan su ne:
- Ukraine.
- Tajikistan.
- Uzbekistan.
- Isra'ila.
- Jihar New York (Amurka).
Za a iya samun sabon jerin abubuwan da ke cikin Rasha, wanda ke da nasarorinsu, a tashar yanar gizon wutar lantarki. Babban sha'awa shine harshen Jihar Bashkir. Gaskiyar ita ce an bayyana shi a wannan matsayi a 1920. Gaba ɗaya, akwai bayanai masu ban sha'awa irin wannan, don haka za ku sami wani abu da ya dace da ku. Da yake jawabi game da Turai, wadannan sunaye ne da yawa: Harshen Rasha, Belarus, Belgium, Netherlands, Finland, Jamus da Ireland. Amma wannan yana nuna ainihin yanayin harkokin maimakon rashin talauci. Gaskiyar ita ce, yawancin ƙasashen Turai suna da harsuna iri iri, duk da cewa an yi amfani da ɗaya kawai. Muhimmanci daga ra'ayin ra'ayi shine cewa jagorancin kasar ta hanyar hanyoyin lumana (zai fi dacewa tattalin arziki, wato, mutanen da suke so, kamar mu) sun inganta harshen Rashanci a matsayin harshen harshe a wasu ƙasashe.
Kammalawa
Bari mu yi magana kadan game da halin da ake ciki a duniya. Yanzu kasa da kasa harshen obscheniya dauke Turanci. Yana wallafa ayyuka da yawa na kimiyya, da kuma takardun kasuwanci. Wasu ƙasashe, don taimakawa wajen nazarin ɗayansu, gabatar da harshen Turanci. Amma, a matsayin mai mulkin, wannan ya shafi ko dai a cikin mazaunin da suka wuce, ko a kananan jihohin da ba su da nasaba.