Mulkin sarauta: misalai na ƙasashe

Mulkin sarauta shine Wani nau'i na gwamnati wanda tsarin jagorancin yake jagorantar da jagorancin Allah, da fassarar nufin Allah, kamar yadda aka fada a cikin Nassosi na addini, bisa ga koyarwar wani addini.

A aikace, malamai, a matsayin wakilai na allahntaka marar ganuwa, hakikanin ko tunanin, yayi shelar da kuma bayyana ka'idojin ka'idoji na jihar. A cikin mafi tsananin ma'ana, mai mulki shine nufin la'akari da kansa a matsayin mai bautar Allah, kuma an dauki dukkan dokoki karkashin jagorancin Allah. Shugaban shugabancin mulkin gwamnati kuma shine shugaban cibiyar addini. Don haka, dokokin gari da ayyuka sune bangare na addini, yana nuna yadda ikilisiya take shafar jihar.

Ɗaya daga cikin na farko da yayi amfani da kalmar "mulkin" shine Josephus, wanda ya yi ƙoƙari ya bayyana ƙungiyar Yahudawa tare da kalmomin Helenanci "theos" (allah) da "krayeo" (sarrafa) masu karatu na al'ummai. Ko da yake a wannan dangane Iosif Flavy, gwada shi da sauran siffofin gwamnati (daular mulkinsu, oligarchy, jamhuriyar), yana shiga cikin wani dogon kuma da ɗan rude tattaunawa a kan topic, ya ba bayyana abin da "waɗanda Allah daular mulkinsu."

Kasashen, A misali na wanda a yanzu ana iya la'akari da shi Irin wannan tsarin tsarin, ya hada da Saudi Arabia, Iran, Vatican.

Yawancin jihohi suna da wasu al'amuran addinai, dokokin ka'idoji na iya rinjayar da akidar tauhidin ko dabi'a, amma waɗannan yanayi ba su fada a ƙarƙashin ka'idar. Don zama tare tare da addini ko kuma wakiltar wasu fannoni na dokar farar hula ga al'ummomin addini na iya kasancewa a matsayin kasa.

A lokacin tsakiyar zamanai, yawancin mulkoki sun kasance akalla a matsayin addini. Ana yanke hukunci da rashin amincewa da yanke shawara na shugabannin a kasashen Katolika, idan Paparoma bai yarda da su ba. Shugabannin addinai sun shawarci shugabanni game da al'amurra ba wai kawai addini ba, har ma da jihar. Yanayin ya fara canzawa lokacin da Protestantism da sauran addinan Katolika ba su sami tasiri a wasu ƙasashe ba.

Tsarukan mulkin mallaka na wucin gadi na nau'in zaɓaɓɓe shine tsarin gwamnati a cikin Vatican. A shugaban kasa ne Holy See (da Paparoma da Hukumar da ke Kula - The Roman Curia). A Paparoma ne sarki na Holy See, daidai da matsayinsa bada majalisu, zartarwa da kuma na shari'a ikon a jihar na Vatican, kuma a cikin duniya Roman Katolika. Bisa ga yanayin da yawa na ikon shugaban Kirista, wani tsari na tsarin mulki wanda ake kira Roman Curia, wanda mamba ya zaba shi, an halicce shi don sarrafawa a cikin kundin tsarin mulki.

Sabuwar shugaban Kirista, bayan mutuwar wanda ya gabata, an zabe shi ne ta hanyar conclave, wanda ya ƙunshi kawai na cardinals.

A jihohi inda addinin addini yake Musulunci, musamman Shari'a, mulkin mallaka na Allah ya zama tsarin gwamnati ne kawai na ƙarni da yawa. Tun lokacin da Annabi Muhammadu ya kafa Jamhuriyar Larabawa (Feudal) a Madina a karni na bakwai har zuwa farkon karni na ashirin, lokacin da kalma na karshe ya rushe a Turkiyya. Halifa (gaje) shi ne shugaban kasa, bisa ga manajan shari'ar musulunci (dokar musulunci), dangane da Kur'ani da Sunnah. Kodayake mabiya Khalifofi ba su da umarnin kai tsaye daga Allah, su, kamar Annabi, sun wajaba a tabbatar da dokoki da suka bayar daidai da wannan tsari na umarnin Allah da kuma haramta, nuna cewa Allah ne babban iko.

Mafi shahararrun tarihin mulkin mallaka a cikin duniyar musulunci shi ne Khalifanci na Larabawa a karkashin tsarin Khalifofin Umayyad ko "Kalifofi na Gaskiya" (na farko na hudu bayan Annabi Muhammad).

A halin yanzu, tsarin mulki na Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran an bayyana shi a matsayin hakikanin hakikanin halin kirki, a kalla kamar yadda aka fada a littafin Jagora na CIA.

Lokacin da Ruhollah Mousavi Khomeini ya zama jagoran Iran, tun daga 1979 zuwa 1989, an shirya shirye-shiryen addini da siyasa a cikin sauƙi: Shiite Musulunci ya zama wani ɓangare na rarraba tsarin siyasar jihar. Irin wannan shine manufar juyin juya halin Iran na shekarar 1979: don kawar da mulkin Shah kuma mayar da akidar Islama a cikin al'ummar Iran.

Shi'a Musulunci shine addinin addini na Iran. Bisa ga tsarin mulkin 1979 (gyare-gyare a shekarar 1989), akidar Islama ta tsara tsarin siyasa, tattalin arziki da zamantakewa na Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran. Shugaban kasa, kafa tsarin manufar kasar, shine shugabanci mafi girma, wanda Majalisar Kwararrun ta zaba.

Akwai shugabanni guda biyu a Iran: wanda ya kafa Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran, Ruhollah Mousavi Khomeini, da magajinsa, Ayatullah Ali Hosseini Khamenei (daga 1989 zuwa yanzu).

Babban jagoran ya nada shugabannin manyan al'amuran jihar. Har ila yau, bisa ga tsarin mulkin Iran, ya tabbatar da iko da shugaban kasa, zai iya bin dokoki da majalisar dokokin kasar ta yanke (Mejlis), ya ba da damar izini ga 'yan takarar shugaban kasa su bayyana matsayinsa.

Mulkin mulkin mallaka ta musamman shine tsarin gwamnati a Saudi Arabia. Maimakon haka za a ce cewa a cikin jiha akwai cikakken mulkin mallaka, bisa ga ka'idar Islama. Sarkin Saudi Arabia shine shugaban kasa da shugabancin gwamnati. Duk da haka, mafi yanke shawara aka sanya a cikin shawara tsakanin manyan shugabannin sarauta iyali da kuma da kungiyoyin addini. An bayyana Alkur'ani ta tsarin kundin tsarin mulkin kasar, wanda aka gudanar bisa ka'idar musulmi (Sharia).