Mun sami gogayya da karfi. Formula frictional karfi

Gogayya - wani sabon abu da abin da muka aka kullum tsayar a rayuwar yau da kullum. Ƙayyade gogayya cutarwa ko taimako, ba shi yiwuwa. Make ko da a taka a kan m kankara da nauyi motsa jiki, a kan wani m surface kwalta yawo da yardarSa. Details motocin ba tare da lubrication sa fitar da yawa sauri.

A binciken da na gogayya, ilmi na asali Properties damar da mutum ya yi amfani da shi.

A karfi na gogayya a kimiyyar lissafi

Force generated da motsi ko yunkurin yunkuri na surface na jiki na wani, directed a kan shugabanci na motsi amfani da motsi jikinsu, da ake kira da gogayya da karfi. Module frictional karfi, da dabara na wanda ya dogara a kan da yawa sigogi, shi dabam dangane da irin juriya.

Bambanta da wadannan iri na gogayya:

• sauran.

• zamiya.

• Rolling.

Duk wani ƙoƙari na budge da nauyi abu (hukuma, da na dutse) take kaiwa zuwa jaddada mutum sojojin. A wannan yanayin, da motsi na da batun ba ko da yaushe kai. Yana hana gogayya da sauran.

Allaha jihar

Kiyasta karfin dabara na canzawa gogayya ba zai iya sanin ko yana sosai. By darajojin mataki na uku dokar Newton darajar zaman lafiya sojojin na juriya dogara a kan aiyuka karfi.

Tare da kara kokari da kuma kara da gogayya da karfi.

0 tr.pokoya max

canzawa gogayya hana kusoshi kore a cikin itacen zuwa fada. mashiga, thread sewn da tabbaci da aka gudanar a wuri. Sha'awa, da mutum damar da shi zuwa ga tafiya shiru juriya. Haka kuma, shi ne zuwa ga mutum motsi, wanda shi ne saba wa janar Jihar harkokin.

zamewa sabon abu

Tare da kara waje karfi, da tuki jiki zuwa cikin mafi girma da darajar da rikicewar gogayya karfi shi ne a motsi. A karfi na gogayya aka dauke a cikin tsari da zamiya daya a kan sauran surface na jiki. Its darajar ya dogara da kaddarorin da hulda saman kuma a tsaye karfi ayyukan a farfajiya.

A lissafi dabara na frictional karfi slipping: F = μR, inda proportionality coefficient μ- (zamiya gogayya), F - tilasta tsaye (al'ada) matsa lamba.

Daya daga cikin tuki motsi karfi - zamiya frictional karfi, da dabara na wanda aka rubuta ta amfani da wani bene dauki karfi. Saboda Newton ta uku dokar yin al'ada matsa lamba da kuma bene dauki karfi daidai a cikin girma da kuma akasinta cikin shugabanci P = N.

Kafin gano da frictional karfi, wanda ya zama wani dabara daban-daban form (F = μ N), ƙayyade da dauki karfi.

ja coefficient lokacin da zamiya da aka gabatar gwaje domin biyu shafa saman dogara a kan ingancin aiki da kuma kayan.

Table. A juriya factor for daban-daban saman

Matsakaicin canzawa gogayya da karfi, a dabara abin da aka rubuta a sama, za a iya ƙaddara kazalika da zamiya frictional karfi.

Wannan zama da muhimmanci a magance matsaloli na tabbatar da dalilin da tuki sojojin na juriya. Alal misali, littafin kore hannu guga man daga sama, nunin faifai a karkashin mataki na Allaha juriya da ke faruwa tsakanin hannunka da kuma littafin. A juriya darajar dogara da darajar da a tsaye matsa lamba da karfi a kan littafin.

The sabon abu na mirgina

A mi} a mulki na kakanninmu daga scraper da karusai dauke neman sauyi. Da sabuwar dabara ƙafafun - mafi girma sabuwar dabara mutãne. Rolling gogayya da cewa faruwa a lokacin da dabaran yunkuri na surface ne muhimmanci na baya zuwa darajar zamiya juriya.

Da ya faru na mirgina gogayya sojojin hade tare da al'ada matsa lamba sojojin na ƙafafun zuwa surface, yana da wani hali da ya bambanta shi daga slipping. Saboda kadan nakasawa daga cikin dabaran akwai daban-daban bisa ga matsin sojojin a cikin cibiyar dandali da kuma kafa a kan sãsanninta, Wannan bambancin kayyade karfin da fitowan da juriya ga birgima.

Lasafta dabara mirgina gogayya sojojin yawanci daukan irin wannan a fili tsari. Bambanci za a iya gani kawai a cikin dabi'u na juriya rabo.

Nature juriya

Lokacin da canza roughness na gogayya saman da canza darajar da gogayya da karfi. Tare da babban karuwa a cikin biyu makwabtaka saman kama bumps tare da kaifi kololuwa. Lokacin da Fitar da aka protruding sassan jiki a lamba tare da juna. A total lamba yanki ne kananan. Lokacin da tuki ko ko yunƙurin motsi na jikinsu "kololuwa" haifar da juriya. The girma na gogayya karfi ba ya dogara ne a kan yankin na lamba saman.

Da alama cewa biyu daidai santsi saman kamata ba fuskanci adawa gaba daya. A yi gogayya da karfi a cikin wannan yanayin ne m. Wannan bayani da yanayin da ya faru na mismatch na sojojin. Wannan electromagnetic karfi aiki tsakanin kwayoyin halitta na hulda jikinsu.

Inji matakai ba tare da gogayya a cikin yanayi, ne m, saboda yiwuwar "rarraba" lantarki hulda tsakanin cajin jikin akwai. Da 'yancin kai na juriya sojojin a kan dangi matsayi na gawawwakin yale mu mu kira su nonpotential.

Sha'awa, da gogayya da karfi, da dabara na wanda dabam dangane da gudu daga cikin hulda gawarwakin ne na gwargwado ga square na daidai gudun. By wannan ikon ya shafi karfi da danko sosai juriya daga cikin ruwa.

The motsi a cikin ruwa da kuma iskar gas

M motsi a cikin wani ruwa ko iskar gas, da ruwa a kusa da m surface yana tare da danko sosai juriya. Its bayyanar da aka dangana wa hulda da yadudduka na ruwa entrained m lokacin da motsi. Daban-daban gudun yadudduka - tushen danko sosai gogayya. A fasalin da wannan mamaki - babu ruwa a tsaye gogayya. Ko da kuwa da girma da waje tasiri jiki da aka saita a tashin, kasancewa a cikin ruwa.

Dangane da gudun motsi na juriya da karfi ƙaddara da gudun motsi, da siffar da motsi jiki da ruwa danko. Dama a cikin ruwa da kuma man fetur daga cikin wannan jiki ne tare da daban-daban yawa juriya.

Domin kananan velocities: F = KV, inda k - proportionality coefficient dangane da mikakke girma na jiki da kuma kadarori na matsakaici, v - gudu na jiki.

m zazzabi kuma rinjayar gogayya a cikinta. A m yanayin da abin hawa da za a kona domin man warmed up (da danko raguwa) da kuma taimaka wajen rage halakar da engine a lamba details.

A karuwa a gudun

Gagarumin karuwa a gudu na jiki zai iya sa wani m ya kwarara, da juriya qara gunaguni ƙwarai. Muhimmancin ne: square daga cikin gudu, yawa daga cikin matsakaici da kuma jiki surface area. Da dabara na gogayya karfi daukan kan wani daban-daban form:

F = KV ² inda k - proportionality coefficient dangane da jiki siffar da kaddarorin da matsakaici, v - gudu na jiki.

Idan jiki ba a streamlined siffar, halin rashin kwanciyar hankali za a iya rage. A siffar jikin dabbobin ruwa da Whales - misali mai kyau da dokokin halitta da shafi kudi na dabbobi.

makamashi m

Yi aiki a jiki ya hana a kawar da juriya na matsakaici. Lokacin da kake amfani da dokar kiyayewa da makamashi ya ce wani canji a cikin inji makamashi ne daidaita da gogayya da karfi.

Aikin karfi lasafta ta da dabara: A = Fscosα, inda F - karfi, karkashin mataki na wanda jiki ke motsa nesa s, α - kwana tsakanin kwatance na karfi da kuma kawar da.

Babu shakka, ja karfi ne daura da motsi na jiki, inda cosα = -1. Aiki frictional sojojin dabara cikinsa A yana da siffar _TP = - FS, korau darajar. Lokacin da wannan inji makamashi yana tuba a cikin ciki (nakasawa, dumama).