Oriental despotism matsayin wani nau'i na jihar ikon

A al'adun na Gabas located a kudancin Asiya da arewacin Afirka. Wadannan sun hada da Babila, Assuriya, Iran, Phenicia, Ancient kasar Sin, Urartu, Misira, tsoho Indiya, da Hittiyawa jihar.

Oriental despotism - babban alama cewa characterizes tsarin siyasa na wadannan kasashe. Wannan kalma na nufin cikakken iko na shugaban kasar.

A dalilin cewa kafa gabashin despotism, ya ta'allaka ne da cewa a cikin zamanin da kasashen zauna tsawon isa ƙasar ƙungiya da kuma masu zaman kansu dukiya a ƙasa na dogon lokaci ba su samu ci gaba. Saboda haka, yankunan karkara al'umma ya zama tushen jihar tsarin. Bugu da kari, fitowan da wannan tsarin da gudummawar da gargajiya dokoki, wanda zai iya ba ta da kauye al'ummomi. Alal misali, a Misira, da darajar da sabani ikon da aka karfafa ta da bukatar gina ban ruwa ayyukansu, ba tare da wanda ba shi yiwuwa a tafiyar da aikin noma. Idan mazauna sun ki irin wannan tsarin siyasa, hukumomi iya halakar da muhimmanci abubuwa na sinkers, da kuma yawan ba za a bar ba tare da ruwa, sabili da haka, za a fara taro mutuwa.

Bugu da kari, da m despotism da aka bisa ga allahntaka girma na shugabanninsu. Alal misali, a Misira, Fir'auna ya gama iko a kan 'yan majalisu, soja da kuma harkokin shari'a. Ba wanda zai iya tsayayya da ya yanke shawara, saboda shi da aka yi imani da cewa ya matsakanci tsakanin mutane da alloli. A jihar ne ma shugaban Drevneshumerskom wani iko mafi. Yana gane, firist, don haka ya bayar da umarnin da aka kashe ba tare da tambaya. A India, despotism aka halin a matsayin cikakken arbitrariness na mulki monarch. Duk da haka, da gwamnan bai kasance a nan domin a ba firist. All ikonsa da aka bisa ga koyarwar Brahmins.

A zamanin d China, da m ba kawai wani firist amma kuma "na sama."

Oriental despotism da halayyar siffofin:

1) The predominance na jihar a kan jama'a, a cikakkar digiri. A Jihar aka dauke su mafi girma ikon cewa tsaye sama mutumin. Yana shirya ayyuka da halaye na mutane, ba kawai a cikin al'umma amma kuma a cikin iyali. The shugaban kasa siffofin dandani, zamantakewa akida, zai iya a kowane lokaci nada da kuma depose jami'an beskontrolen, umurni da sojojin.

2) Tilasta Policy. Babban aikin da ke fuskantar jihar - taƙawarsu mongering ga kowane mazaunin. Unguwanni kamata rawar jiki da kuma imani da cewa mai mulkin kasar - shi ne ba mai tanƙwasawa, da kuma kare jama'a, rinjaye a kowane mataki da iko, arbitrariness da kuma ladabtar da mugunta.

3) A jihar dukiya a kan ƙasa. All mallakar kawai zuwa jihar, babu zaman kansa mutum yana da 'yanci a cikin tattalin arziki da shirin.

4) Kyautata matsayi tsarin. Yana kama da dala. A saman shi ne mai mulki, sa'an nan jihar burokrasi, manoma, commoners da kuma ƙananan mataki mallakar da mutane.

5) Kowace wayewar da Ancient Gabas da aka shirya na'ura na iko. Yana kunshi uku sashen: kudi, jama'a, da kuma soja. An shirya kai wani musamman kalubale a gaban kowane. A ma'aikatar kudi ta nemi kudi domin gyaran administrative na'ura da kuma sojoji, da jama'a da aka tsunduma a yi aiki, halittar hanyoyi, da soja - da wadata da na waje bayi.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa despotism ya ba kawai korau. Jihar, ko da a cikin wannan Stroe ba da wasu natsuwã ne zuwa ga yawan jama'a, amma ba a daidai gwargwado. Dokokin sarrafa dangantaka tsakanin mutane, aza azãba ga ayyukansu. Saboda haka, ya fara samar da wata wayewa jama'a na zamani da irin.