Pantomime - wannan shi ne hanya ta musamman da sadarwa tare da waje duniya

Pantomime ne na musamman irin art, na musamman da hanya da sadarwa tare da waje duniya da kuma sauran mutane. Fassara daga Girkanci harshe , wannan kalma na nufin "wanda ya nuna duka". Saboda haka, a pantomime - wani irin Theatrical yi, a cikin abin da ma'anar asali na wani taron daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar gestures, ba kalmomi.

The asalin "shiru" art

Akwai irin wannan art a zamanin da da kuma wani bangare ne na arna gado da kuma ibada. Pantomime Theater bayyana a cikin Roman Empire a lokacin Augustus. Daga baya, a cikin firgita na da sau, da coci dakatar da pantomime, amma karshen ci gaba da zama a cikin art na yawo jugglers, mimes, minstrels da jesters.

Yuan, wannan art form ya kai Renaissance da improvised commedia dell'arte, a cikin wasanni na itinerant Italian 'yan wasan kwaikwayo. A farko pantomime - wannan soyayya (iyali) melodrama, Arlequin, wanda ta cikin karni na 19th zama fi so Genre na wasan kwaikwayo-bukkoki Faransa.

Wasan kwaikwayo na zamani da sau

Kamar yadda Theatrical rawa pantomime na farko ya bayyana a 1702 a London ta Drury Lane Theater. A ko'ina cikin 18th karni, shi da aka yi a matsayin interlude a lokacin intermissions na comedies da bala'in. Kamar yadda dance ya zama wani ɓangare na pantomime rawa da wasan kwaikwayo JJ Nover.

A matsayin mai raba pop yawan "bebe" scene ne rayayye masu tasowa a cikin music dakunan da sinimomi a Turai takaitaccen siffofi a cikin marigayi 19th karni. Daga baya akwai wani pantomime makaranta a Marseille, karkashin jagorancin L. Ruff. A karo na farko a kan mataki na London ta wasan kwaikwayo actor ganye, wadda daga ƙarshe za su sami duk duniya daraja, mafi kamanci shiru Genre Charles Chaplin. A Jamus, wannan art form aka tsunduma M. Reinhardt.

A cikin rabi na biyu na karni na 20th bayyana m pantomime - wani irin labarin ta amfani da wadanda ba babu, hasashen abubuwa. Mime mu kwana dole ne m, a jikinka. Yana dole ne duniya: a juggler, wani Acrobat, wani ban mamaki actor kuma a lokaci guda daidai fahimta da harshen rawa. Duk da yake mai kyau mime - shi ne da farko a Falsafa, iya sa wasu moods, tunani da kuma juyayinsu a cikin wasu mutane ta amfani da gestures kadai.

mime iri

Akwai da dama main iri "shiru" art:

- dance (samo asali a cikin ayyukan hajji da kuma ibada na zamanin d mutane, da arna kabilu har yanzu ci gaba a cikin al'ummai da yawa).

- gargajiya (asalin za a iya gani a circuses Greek kuma Roman wayewar, shi ne daidaituwa a hade shayari, music, kuma effects).

- acrobatic (ya hada da Canje-Canjen, yana tsalle, daban-daban dabaru. Daukan asalin daga gabashin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na rayayye yi amfani da wani circus).

- da eccentric (amfani a cikin circus, shi dogara ne a kan wani ban dariya halin da ake ciki, musamman jingina da hannu a cikin scene).

Don da circus pantomime matsayin yaƙi-hannu, zoopantomimu, ruwa da kuma kasada extravaganza da taron al'amuran da musamman effects. A karshe daya - matakin qarshe na fasaha.

Akwai iri biyu na wannan irin art: solo pantomime - aikin daya artist, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo, tare da sa hannu na gama 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, ta amfani da sets da kuma rubutun.

nau'o'i pantomime

A ta Genre pantomime - a comedy, wani bala'i Ku zo drama hikaya ne ko kuma age, a ƙasida ko wani gajeren labarin, pop miniatures. A wata kalma, shi ne batun duk. Comedy ne halin da satirical, m m. Rigingimu ko gwagwarmaya don warware musamman haruffa. A m kamanci, mime duk lokacin da za a gane Charles Chaplin. A bala'i, da labarin ƙare a cikin bala'i. The ban tausayi pantomime akwai tsanani, da magana daga cikin saba wa juna da kuma rikici.

Hikaya da labari, kamar yadda mai mulkin, gaya mana game da wasu almara, heroes, kuma haruffa, sau da yawa bai wa wani m ikon da sihiri da kuma maita. "Silent" saitin kuma iya zama a cikin yanayin da ƙasida, bayyana negation of data kasance dokoki na rayuwa, da siyasa tsarin kasar, na iya samun siffofin na izgili, daukan hotuna. A cikin hali na yi da labari ya gaya wa mime da gestures na wani lyrical labarin. Yana iya zama mai mime - wasa da wani actor, ko da wani dukan rukuni na mimes.

Pantomime a Rasha

Yuletide, daban-daban bikin, Carnival, kazalika da duk wani nau'i na fairground wasan kwaikwayo da kuma clowning zama asalin "shiru" art a Rasha. A farkon karni na 20th a cikin aikin na modernist yan fim bayyana ban mamaki pantomime - wani "dõmin karkatarwa madubi" N. Evreinov, "Tears" by K. Marzhdanova "abun wasa akwatin" A. Tairov, "Scharf Columbine" Meyerhold.

The asali ka'idodinta haihuwa pantomime wasan kwaikwayo dell'arte reinvents zuba da wani sabon abu, tare da shayari karatu, music, kuma Choreography. A cikin tsakiyar 40s na karni na 20th wannan art aka Fading, saboda fifiko ne da kalmar - mafi m ga talakawa, ba ya bukatar guesswork. A magana na circus Clowns dakuna sun maye gurbin da memes-Comique. Duk da haka, a cikin rawa pantomime gaske fure. Bayyana horeodramy da drambaleta, wadda ake bisa "shiru" scenes, maimakon tsarki dance.