Phenols ne me? Properties da kuma abun da ke ciki na phenol

Phenols - Wannan kwayoyin abubuwa alaka aromatic hydrocarbons. Za a iya samunsu a yanayi, amma wadanda aka fi sani da mutum su ne wadanda aka samo asali. Ana amfani da su a yanzu a masana'antun sunadarai, gini, kwari da ma magani. Saboda kyawawan haɗari masu haɗari, da kwanciyar hankali na mahaɗanta da kuma iyawar shiga cikin jikin mutum ta hanyar fata da kuma gabobin jiki na numfashi, tofafan phenol yana faruwa sau da yawa. Saboda haka, an ware wannan abu a matsayin wata ƙungiyar masu guba masu guba mai tsanani kuma ya tsara ta da kyau.

Menene phenols

Wadannan sunadaran sinadaran da ke faruwa a cikin yanayi kuma ana haifar da su a karkashin yanayin wucin gadi. Halitta na halitta zasu iya zama da amfani - yana da antioxidant, polyphenols, wanda ke yin wasu tsire-tsire waraka ga mutane. Kuma sunadaran phenols su ne abubuwa masu guba. Idan sun sami fata, suna yin ƙanshi, lokacin da suka shiga jikin mutum - guba mai karfi. Wadannan mahaɗannan masu haɗari, wadanda ke da alaƙa da masu tasowa masu tasowa, sun shiga cikin jijiyar rigaya a cikin zafin jiki na kusan digiri 40. Amma a ƙarƙashin yanayi na al'ada wannan abu ne mai haske da ƙanshi.

An fassara ma'anar phenol a makaranta a cikin tsarin ilmin sunadarai. Yana magana ne game da abun da ke ciki, tsarin kwayoyin halitta da kayan halayensa. Game da abubuwa na halitta na wannan rukuni, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a yanayi, mutane da yawa basu san komai ba. Yaya za ku iya kwatanta phenol? Abin da ke tattare da wannan sashin sunadarai mai sauqi ne: kwayoyin na benzoic, hydrogen da oxygen.

Irin phenols

Wadannan abubuwa sun kasance a wurare masu yawa. Suna samar da launi mai tushe, da ƙanshi na furanni ko kuma kwashe kwari. Har ila yau, akwai magungunan roba wadanda suke da guba. Wadannan abubuwa sun haɗa da:

1. Natural phenolic mahadi ne capsaicin, eugenol, flavonoids, lignins da sauransu.
2. Mafi shahararren magungunan phenol shine carbolic acid.
3. Magani butylphenol, chlorophenol.
4. Creosote, lysol da sauransu.

Amma mafi yawa talakawa mutane san kawai biyu sunayen: carbolic acid da kuma phenol kanta.

Properties daga cikin wadannan mahadi

Wadannan sunadarai ba wai kawai hauka ba ne. Ana amfani da su don dalilai. Don sanin abin da halayen phenol ya mallaka, abun da ke ciki yana da mahimmanci. Haɗuwa da carbon, hydrogen da oxygen yana ba shi kaya na musamman. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa mutum yayi amfani da shi sosai. Abubuwan mallakar wannan fili sune:

• Yana da wani abu mai haske da karfi, mai ƙanshi mai dadi;
• Abin sha'awa shi ne abin da phenol ke yi akan sakamakon iska - kristal canza launi: sun fara juya launin ruwan hoda, sa'annan su sami launin ruwan kasa;
• Phenol yana da ƙananan matsala;
• Ɗaya mafi inganci shine acidity;
• Da kyau wannan abu ya rushe a barasa, man fetur, alkalis da sauran kwayoyin halitta da ma'adanai, kuma kawai a cikin ruwa phenol zai iya narke a zazzabi sama da digiri 70;
• Domin shekaru masu yawa, mahadi na phenol ba su rasa dukiyoyinsu, sabili da haka duk samfurori da ke dogara da su don dogon lokaci suna ci gaba da ciwo akan cututtukan mutane.

Matsayin phenols cikin yanayi

Ana samun waɗannan abubuwa a cikin tsire-tsire masu yawa. Suna da hannu wajen samar da launi da dandano. Capsaicin yana ba da wani abu mai ɗaci. Anthocyanins da flavonoids launi da haushi bishiyoyi, da kuma ketol ko eugenol suna samar da ƙanshi a furanni. Wasu tsire-tsire suna dauke da polyphenols, abubuwa da aka kafa ta hada hada kwayoyin phenol. Suna da amfani ga lafiyar mutum. Polyphenols sun hada da lignins, flavonoids, da sauransu. Wadannan abubuwa suna cikin man zaitun, 'ya'yan itatuwa, kwayoyi, shayi, cakulan da sauran kayan. An yi imani da cewa wasu daga cikinsu suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci kuma suna kare jiki daga ciwon daji. Amma akwai mahaukaci masu guba: tannins, urushiol, carbolic acid.

Hanyoyin phenols ga mutane

Wannan abu da dukan kayan da zai samo shi zai iya shiga cikin jiki ta hanyar fata da kuma huhu. A cikin jini, phenol yayi kama da wasu abubuwa kuma ya zama mai guba. Mafi girman haɗuwa a cikin jiki, mafi yawan cutar da zai iya haifar. Phenol ya rushe aiki na mummunan zuciya da tsarin zuciya, yana rinjayar hanta da kodan. Yana lalata erythrocytes, yana haifar da halayen rashin tausayi da bayyanar ulcers.

Yawancin lokaci, gubawar phenol yana faruwa ne ta hanyar ruwan sha, kuma ta hanyar iska a cikin wuraren da ake amfani da shi wajen ginawa, samar da fenti ko kayan aiki.

Ta hanyar haɗuwa da mahaɗanta, an kone tasirin respiratory, ƙananan nasopharyngeal da ma harshen ede na faruwa. Idan phenol yana kan fatar jiki, an samu mummunan ƙwayar ƙwayar wuta, bayan haka magungunan cututtuka suka ci gaba. Kuma idan fiye da kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na haɗin mutum ya shafi, wannan zai haifar da mutuwarsa. Idan akwai wani abu da ya faru na haɗari na kwayoyin phenol, misali, tare da ruwa mai gurɓata, hanta na ci gaba, ya ɓata daidaituwa na ƙungiyoyi, rashin haihuwa, rashin zuciya, zubar da jini da ciwon sukari. Babban asurai nan da nan ya haifar da mutuwa.

Inda za a yi amfani da phenols

Bayan gano wannan abu, an samo ikonsa na canza launi a cikin iska. Wannan darajar ya fara amfani dashi don samar da dyes. Amma sai an gano wasu kaya. Kuma abu ne wanda aka yi amfani dashi a cikin ayyukan mutane:

• Don samar da paints da varnishes;
• Don maganin fata fata a masana'antar haske;
• A cikin samar da nailan, nailan da sauran kayan yatsa;
• Don kare dabbobin dabbobi daga cututtuka;
• A cikin abun ciki na magungunan kashe qwari;
• Lokacin yin hayaki don shan taba;
• A cikin samar da robobi;
• A cikin abun da ke ciki da masu tsabta da tsabta.

Aikace-aikace a magani

Lokacin da aka gano kwayoyin halitta na phenol, ana amfani dashi a magani. Mafi mahimmanci don tsabtace ɗakuna, kayan aiki da ma hannun ma'aikata. Bugu da ƙari, phenols su ne ainihin kayan wasu kwayoyi masu mahimmanci: aspirin, purgen, magunguna don maganin tarin fuka, cututtuka na fungal da wasu maganin antiseptics, alal misali, xeroform.

Yanzu an yi amfani da phenol a cosmetology don zurfin fata. Yana amfani da dukiyarsa don ƙona lakabin sama na epidermis.

Amfani da phenol don disinfection

Akwai kuma shiri na musamman a cikin nau'i mai maganin shafawa da kuma bayani don amfani da waje. An yi amfani da shi don disinfecting abubuwa da saman a cikin dakin, kayayyakin aiki, da lilin. A karkashin kulawar likita, an yi amfani da phenol don magance zubar da mace, pyoderma, impetigo, folliculitis, raunuka purulent da wasu cututtuka na fata. The bayani ne a hade tare da kore sabulu amfani ga disinfection na gabatarwa, soaking tufafi. Idan kun haxa shi da kerosene ko turpentine, yana samarda dukiyar kayan disinsection.

Ba za ku iya rike da wuraren da ke cikin fatar jiki ba, har da wuraren da aka tsara domin dafa abinci da adana abinci.

Yaya za ku iya guba kanka da phenol?

Sakamakon lalacewar wannan abu don balagagge zai iya zama daga 1 g, kuma ga yaro - 0.05 g. Cin abinci tare da phenol zai iya faruwa don dalilai masu zuwa:

• Idan ba a kiyaye ka'idodin aminci a cikin aikin tare da abubuwa masu guba;
• Idan akwai hatsari;
• Lokacin da kwayoyin magunguna ba a biye su ba;
• Lokacin yin amfani da kayan filastik tare da phenol, alal misali, wasa ko jita-jita;
• A ajiyayyen ajiya na kaya na kayan gida.

A m guba ãyõyi ne bayyane a lokaci daya, kuma ba za ka iya samun mutum taimako. Amma haɗarin phenol shi ne cewa lokacin da kananan asosai sun shiga, ba za ka iya lura da wannan ba. Sabili da haka, idan mutum yana zaune a cikin daki inda ya gama kayan aiki, kayan shafa ko kayan da ke amfani da phenol ana amfani dashi, guba yana ci gaba.

Bayyanar cututtuka na guba

Yana da matukar muhimmanci a gane matsalar a lokaci. Wannan zai taimaka wajen fara jiyya a lokaci kuma hana mummunar sakamako. Babban bayyanar cututtuka sun kasance kamar dai duk wani guba: tashin zuciya, zubar da jini, damuwa, damuwa. Amma akwai alamomin alamomi, ta hanyar da za ku iya gane cewa wani mutum ya guba kansa da phenol:

• Hanyoyin siffar daga baki;
• Fainting;
• Matsayi mai sauƙi a yanayin jiki;
• 'Yan makaranta da aka zaɓa;
• Pallor;
• Rawancin numfashi;
• Cold Gumi;
• Ragewa a cikin bugun jini da kuma karfin jini;
• Abun ciki na ciki;
• Zubar da jini na jini;
• Fusho mai launin fata a kan lebe.

Har ila yau, kuna bukatar sanin alamun guba mai guba. Lokacin da aka karbi ƙananan allurai, babu alamun alamun da ke cikin jiki. Amma phenol yana shafar lafiyar jiki. Kwayoyin cututtuka na guba mai guba shine:

• Mudraines, ciwon kai;
• Nausea;
• Dermatitis da rashin lafiyan halayen;
• Insomnia;
• Ciwo na intestinal;
• Babban wahala;
• Madaba.

Na farko taimako da magani na guba

Dole ne a bai wa mutumin da ya ji rauni taimako na farko kuma a ba shi likita a wuri-wuri. Matakan da za a dauka nan da nan bayan an tuntube tare da phenol ya dogara ne akan shafin da ya shiga jikinsa:

1. Idan abu ya karu da fata, toshe da ruwa mai yawa, kada ku bi da ƙanshi tare da maganin shafawa ko mai.
2. Idan abin mamaki shine a kan murfin mucous na bakin - kurkura, kada ku hadiye.
3. Idan kun shiga cikin ciki don ku sha wani sihiri, alal misali, kwalba, "Polysorb", ba a bada shawara don wanke ciki don kauce wa ƙanshin mucosa.

A cikin likita, magani na guba yana da hadari da tsawo. Samun iska daga cikin huhu, maganin cututtuka, maganin antidote - allurar gluconate, sorbents, maganin rigakafi, kwayar cutar zuciya,

Dokokin tsaro don amfani da phenols

Sanitary da ka'idodin annoba a dukan ƙasashe sun kafa matsakaicin iyakacin tsari na phenol a cikin iska mai ciki. Yanayin lafiya shine 0.6 MG da 1 kg na nauyin jikin mutum. Amma waɗannan ka'idodin ba su la'akari da cewa yin amfani da lokaci har ma irin wannan ƙaddamarwar phenol cikin jiki, ta haɗuwa da hankali kuma yana iya haifar da mummunan cutar ga lafiyar jiki. Ana iya satar wannan abu a cikin iska daga kayan aikin filastik, kayan ado, kayan ado, kayan gini da kayan ado, kayan shafawa. Sabili da haka, wajibi ne a saka idanu akan abun da aka saya da kuma, idan akwai wani dadi mai ban sha'awa daga wani abu, ya fi kyau a kawar da shi. Lokacin yin amfani da phenol don maganin cututtuka, ya wajaba a lura da sashi da ka'idoji don adana mafita.