Pierre-Joseph Proudhon: wani ɗan gajeren lokaci da kuma tushe na akidar

Pierre-Joseph Proudhon mashahurin malamin Faransanci ne, masanin siyasa da masanin zamantakewa. Mutane da yawa sun san shi kamar yadda ya kafa anarchism. Yana da wanda aka ƙididdige tare da ra'ayin "'yanci" na farko, wanda akalla sananne ga masana tarihi. Amma wane irin mutum ne Pierre Proudhon? Wadanne hanyoyi ne zan iya cimma a rayuwata? Kuma menene siffofin da yake gani?

Pierre-Joseph Proudhon: tarihin farkon shekarun

An haifi dan siyasar nan a ranar 15 ga Janairu, 1809 a cikin iyalin ƙauyuka masu sauki. A hakika, wannan aji yana nufin matasa sunyi amfani da dukan yaro a cikin aiki mai wuyar gaske. Amma duk da haka bai halakar da basirarsa da hankali ba. A lokacin da ya kai shekaru ashirin yana nuna ƙaddarar da bai dace ba kuma yana samun aiki a cikin wani ɗakin bugu.

Da farko dai, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon mai sauƙi ne, wanda ya buga littattafan jarida a rana da rana. Dangane da halaye na ciki, ya hanzarta janye ni'imar gudanarwa. Ba da daɗewa ba sai Proudhon ya fara motsawa cikin matakan aiki. Bugu da} ari,} ir} irewar da saurayi ya kawo, ya kawo wa kamfanin wata riba mai kyau, a ƙarshe ya zama mai mallakar wannan gidan bugu.

Amma abu mafi mahimmanci shi ne cewa a cikin shekara ta 1838 Pierre-Joseph Proudhon ya yi nasara don samun nasarar kammala gwaji don digiri. Kuma wannan yana tare da gaskiyar cewa ya samu duk ilimin da kansa, yana aiki tukuru a lokacin da ya dace. Irin wannan zamantakewar zamantakewa ya yarda ya karu da babban birninsa.

Ayyukan siyasa

Pierre-Joseph Proudhon ya kashe kuɗinsa da hikima. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ya ci gaba da ajiye su don zuwa Paris. Kuma a 1847 mafarkinsa gaskiya ne, ko da yake tare da wani lahani. Bayan shekara guda a cikin babban birnin, juyin juya hali ya farfado, kuma ya bayyana a matsayinsa mafi girma. A bayyane yake cewa yanayin Proudhon bai yarda da shi ya tsaya ba, kuma yana da hannu cikin juyin juya halin juyin juya halin Musulunci na kasar.

Musamman, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon ya zama mataimakin Mataimakin Majalisar. Tare da rashin kulawa, ya yi zargi a fili game da manufofin Louis Napoleon Bonaparte. Irin wannan fasaha yana da matukar damuwa ga gwamnati, sabili da haka sun kawo karar da shi. A sakamakon haka ne, an ba da masaniyar malami na 'yanci na tsawon shekaru uku, wanda ya ba shi damar yin tunani akan ayyukansa sosai. A nan gaba, zai kasance mafi sauƙi don saduwa da abubuwan da suka faru bayan juyin mulkin Bonapartist a shekara ta 1851.

Yayin da yake zuwa 'yanci, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon ya yi ƙoƙarin kare kansa daga siyasa. Amma littafinsa "Adalci a cikin Juyin Juyin Halitta da Ikilisiya" (1858) ya sake motsa zuciyar gwamnati. Saboda tsoron kasancewa a kurkuku, masanin kimiyya ya yi hijira zuwa Belgium, inda yake zaune shekaru hudu masu zuwa. Sukan ji dadin mutuwa, ya koma gida.

Kuma a Janairu 19, 1865, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon ya mutu saboda dalilan da ba a sani ba. Abinda abin sha'awa shine cewa yana kusa da Paris. Birnin inda babban masanin kimiyya ya yi mafarki na ciyar da rayuwarsa.

Pierre-Joseph Proudhon: akidar

Proudhon shi ne farkon anarchist. Ta wannan kalma malamin falsafa yana nufin halakar dukkan dokokin da ke aiki don amfanin masarautar. Ya yi imanin cewa ya kamata a maye gurbin su da "tsarin mulki", wanda zai kasance bisa ga adalci na duniya.

Don cimma irin wannan utopia zai iya kasancewa a wasu matakai. Amma mafi mahimmancin su shi ne kawar da tattalin arzikin zamani, saboda ya taimaka sosai ga rashin daidaituwa tsakanin mutane. A cikin ra'ayinsa, musayar kayayyaki daidai ne kamar yadda ya kamata. Alal misali, tare da irin wannan tsarin, wanda zai iya yin kwaskwarima a cikin kantin sayar da takalma, kuma mai noma da abinci.