Potassium iodide

potassium iodide (KI) ne a gishiri na hydriodic acid. A bayyanar shi ne mai ɗamfarar colorless crystalline abu da wani shigen sukari-dimbin yawa lu'ulu'u. Potassium iodide a iska ta dumama ko ta hanyar daukan hotuna zuwa haske yellowing saboda oxygen hadawan abu da iskar shaka na aidin ions zuwa elemental aidin. Tare da kara yawan zafin jiki da solubility na gishiri a cikin ruwa yana ƙaruwa. A 100 g na ruwa da aka narkar da 128 g na gishiri a 0 ° C, 145 g at 20 ° C, 176 g at 60 ° C, 209 g at 100 ° C. A matauni taro na fili na 166,00277 g / mol. A Refractive index ne 1,667. Yawa 3,13 g / cm³. Narkewa batu 686 ° C. Tafasar batu na 1330 ° C. Potassium Iodide kasa hygroscopic (garwaya da ruwa readily kasa) fiye da da sodium iodide, don haka yana da sauki ga aiki.

Potassium iodide ne m rage wakili, an sauƙi oxidized da chlorine: 2Sar + Cl2 → 2KCl + I2. An mayar da martani tare da aidin, game da shi, kafa Lugol bayani: KI + I2 → KI3. A potassium gishiri na hydriodic acid za a iya shirya ta dauki na aidin da potassium hydroxide 6KOH + 3I2 = 5KI + KIO3 + 3H2O rage ko potassium iodate carbon 2KIO3 + 3C = 2Sar + 3CO2. A rawaya launi na gishiri kare nuna hadawan abu da iskar shaka na iodide zuwa aidin bisa ga dauki lissafi: 4KI + 2CO2 + O2 → 2K2CO3 + 2I2.

A yanayi, aidin ne ba a ko'ina, amma shi ne mai rare kashi, tun da abun ciki a duk halitta kafofin ne negligible. Kamar yadda da wasu halogens, halin da high reactivity, an samu kullum a cikin nau'i na mahadi, wato, iodides Alkali karafa sodium da kuma potassium, amma (sabanin sauran halogen) kuma a cikin nau'i na iodates, narkewa a cikin ruwa. Duk da haka, shi ba ya wanzu a matsayin nitrogen iodide (IN3), tun da shi ne sosai m da hanzari kaskanta tare da wata iska connection. A teku ruwa kõ kuwa daga ƙarƙashin ƙasa kafofin iodides da iodates dauke da kimanin daidai yawa. Tun da potassium iodide ne mai narkewa a cikin ruwa, da aidin ions ne ba a cikin teku, marine algae da marine kifi. Seafood ne babban tushen adam ci na aidin, kamar yadda suka dauke yawa sau fiye da aidin mahadi fiye da talikan inhabiting ƙasar. A asali albarkatun kasa ga masana'antu da samar da aidin ne ruwa hakowa ko wasu daban na algae.

Potassium iodide dauke a cikin hakowa ruwa amfani a masana'antu don samar da aidin: KI + Cl2 → KCl2 + I2. Har ila yau, an yadu amfani a matsayin tushen iodide ions. A hikimar tantance sunadarai, potassium iodide da ake amfani da redox iodometric titration. Takarda, wetted da wani bayani da gishiri da kuma sitaci, na taimaka ƙayyade qualitatively gaban chlorine, lemar sararin samaniya ko wasu oxidants, a gaban aidin wanda aka kasaftawa kira da sitaci rufi a kan takarda jũya blue. Ana amfani da a matsayin abinci ƙari a abincin dabbobi da kuma mutum abinci, a kananan yawa, wadan ga ci gaban rigakafin (kara girman thyroid gland shine yake) cututtuka, wanda sukan samu a yawan yanayin yankunan saboda halitta kasawa na aidin, potassium iodide, tare da potassium iodate, da aka kara wa kowa gishiri. A haka ta samu abinci samfurin da aka kira iodized gishiri. Garanti ajiya lokaci irin wannan gishiri yana da iyaka, domin a kan lokaci, a karkashin tasirin da wani wuce haddi na oxygen da kuma carbon dioxide, KI sannu a hankali oxidized zuwa karfe carbonate da elemental aidin, to, wanda aka evaporated.

A magani, potassium iodide aka yi amfani a matsayin medicament. Potassium iodide samuwa ne a daban-daban sashi siffofin: Allunan, na baka bayani, film mai rufi Allunan, ido saukad, chewable Allunan. Magunguna rama aidin gaira a cikin jiki, da antithyroid (thyroid hana biosynthesis na hormones), mucolytic (liquefied huhu sputum da sauƙaƙe ta fitarwa), expectorant, anti-fungal, mamaye, radioprotective (kare thyroid radiation da kuma hana sha na ta radioiodine ) sakamako. WHO shawarar sashi a hali na gaggawa shafe rediyoaktif aidin dogara a kan shekaru, kuma shi ne:

• ga mutane a kan shekaru 12 da - 130 MG da rana;
• daga 3 zuwa 12 shekaru - 65 MG da rana;
• shekaru 1 zuwa watanni 36 - 32 MG da rana;
• yara a karkashin shekaru 1 ga watan - 16 MG da rana.

WHO ba da shawarar don rigakafin potassium iodide to mutane girmi shekaru 40.