Rãnar da Paris ƙungiya: da kwanan wata, tarihin

Rãnar da Paris ƙungiya ne bikin girmama na farko da nasarar da juyin juya halin proletarian a 1871, Maris 18. Paris ƙungiya da ake kira generated a lokacin da events na 1871 a babban birnin kasar na Faransa sauyi gwamnati.

Event Fage 1871

France, karni na 19th ... Aiki kifar bourgeois daular mulkinsu a watan Fabrairu 1848 sa a gaba neman sauyi bukatar. A watan Yuni na wannan shekara tare da Paris proletariat a makamai sanya wa Jamhuriyar "gata da babban birnin kasar" da "zaman jamhuriyar". Wannan shi ne na farko ƙoƙari a bourgeois domin, da farko babban yakin basasa tsakanin bourgeoisie da proletariat. A nauyi shan kashi a 1848, ya raunana aiki aji na dogon lokaci. Kawai a 1871 ya sake ventured adawa da gwamnatin.

Murna da Rãnar da Paris ƙungiya (1848 events yi aiki a matsayin da samuwar) da yawa a yau.

fitowan

Da zarar an kafa tsakanin Prussia da kuma Faransa a tsagaita wuta a Franco-Prussian yaki, tashin barke a Paris, girma a cikin wani juyin mulki. A sakamakon haka, kai gwamnati da aka gabatar, wanda ci gaba a 1871, daga 18 Maris zuwa 28 ga watan Mayu. Paris ƙungiya jagorancin wakilan jam'iyyun anarchists da socialists. Its shugabannin sun yi kira a duka biyu ga na farko samfurin na proletarian mulkin kama karya.

Halitta sabon abu na tarihi da aka fitowan na Paris ƙungiya. A dalilin shi ne babban zamantakewa sabani cewa wanzu a Faransa jama'a, wanda rincabewa sosai sharply bayan da shan kashi na kasa a lokacin da Franco-Prussian War, wanda dade daga 1870 zuwa 1871. An kafa a watan Fabrairu, gwamnatin Thiers (ya photo da aka nuna a kasa), da protege na babban bourgeoisie, ya yarda da mai wulãkantarwa da matsananci yanayi na yarjejeniya. A juyin juya halin Musulunci sojojin sun amsa halittar Republican Federation of National Guard. Gangarawa ta kwamitin tsakiya.

A farko kwanaki na juyin juya halin

A cikin dare na Maris 18 da aka za'ayi da gwamnatin Thiers ƙoƙarin kwance ɗamarar yaƙi da proletarian gundumomi na Paris da kuma tsaro da wakilan kwamitin tsakiya na National Guard. Duk da haka, shirin ya gaza. A wani tsoro, gwamnatin gudu zuwa Versailles daga Paris. The National Guard aka located a ma'aikatar magajin gari, bugu gidaje da kuma barikin. Sama da ma'aikatar magajin gari hoisted cikin ja flag. Saboda haka da aka ayyana a matsayin sakamakon wani m tawaye da kuma kifar da gwamnatin bourgeois, da Paris ƙungiya. Zaben da ƙungiya daga Paris Council on 26 Maris. Bayan kwana biyu, sai ya ciyar da farkon taron, wanda ya jagoranci Proudhon Bele. New Town Hall, Maris 29 da aka sake masa suna a hukumance a cikin Paris ƙungiya.

Rãnar da Paris ƙungiya

Kwanan wata Maris 18, 1871 ne na musamman a cikin tarihi na Faransa. Ta san da kuma tuna da kyau a duk faɗin duniya. An sa'an nan kuma kammala proletarian juyin juya halin. Maris 18 fadi ikon da bourgeoisie. Da shi shi ne ranar farko ta Paris ƙungiya. 1848 taron da aka gabãta a kansa, kamar yadda muka ambata, wannan babban rana. By yanke shawara na farko International, na gaba shekara da rana Maris 18th kasance wani biki na farko nasara ƙoƙari kama siyasa ikon da ma'aikata. Wannan rãnar da Paris ƙungiya. Ya yi bikin har 1917, kuma a kasar mu a cikin doka tarurruka na kungiyoyin neman sauyi. Domin da farko lokacin da wannan juyin juya halin Musulunci ranar da ta zama yadu bikin bayan, a cikin watan Maris shekarar 1923 da kwamitin tsakiya na DENR sanar da hutu Rãnar da Paris ƙungiya.

Wanne gudummawar da zargin da Paris ƙungiya?

A kan gãɓar rãmi na kasa masifa ta Faransa bayan shan kashi a sedan. Mafi yawa daga cikin ƙasa shagaltar da Prussian sojojin. Su ma sun shagaltar da na wani dan gajeren lokaci, wasu yankunan na birnin kasar. A majalisar dokokin kasar, zaben a 1871, a kan Fabrairu 8, kunshi overt da kuma gefen monarchists. More m ma'aikata fiye da Bismarck, mai tsoron babban bourgeoisie. Faransa karkashin sharuddan da na farko yarjejeniyar da aka bukata biya wata babbar indemnity na Prussia. Its size ya biliyan 5 francs zinariya. Prussia ma koma Alsace da Lorraine.

kasa matsara

Ma'aikata da m masana zo da tsaro na babban birnin kasar. A Paris, a cikin watan Satumba 1870 da National Guard aka kafa - 215 battalions. A lokaci guda akwai wani siyasa kungiyar. A kwamitin tsakiya na National Guard karkashin amfrayo ya zahiri da mutane ta ikon.

A wuri na hunturu a cikin babban birnin kasar

Low-samun kudin shiga da mazauna a kewaye na Paris ya jimre yunwa da sanyi hunturu. Bugu da ƙari, babban birnin kasar da dakarun da aka Prussian. Tare da abinci mummuna. A cewar wasu kimomi da Parisians ci arba'in dawakai dubu. Babbar yawa kudi suka biya domin berayen, Cats da karnuka. Al'ada abinci da rana ya 50 grams naman doki, da kuma 300 grams matalauta ingancin abinci sanya daga hatsi da shinkafa. Babbar queues sun kasance a gidan burodi. Balaga da rikicin, a halin da ake ciki a cikin abin da juyin juya halin da aka makawa.

Pre-neman sauyi halin da ake ciki ya zama a Paris. A. Thiers yanke shawarar nan don tarwatsa National Guard karfi da makamai, kwamitin tsakiya na ta kama shi, don shiga wata karshe zaman lafiya tare da Bismarck, sa'an nan mayar da daular mulkinsu. A Bordeaux, yana gudanar da wani taro na kasa, to, wanda aka mayar da su Versailles.

Rikidar Division Versailles a gefen 'yan tawaye

Sojojin gwamnatin a 1871, a dare a kan Maris 18, gudanar ya kama kusan duk located a kan tuddan Montmartre manyan bindigogi. A mutane na Paris ya tashi a kan jijjiga. Ba da da ewa, da 'yan tawayen wuce kusan duk rabo na Versailles. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin hukunci events na proletarian juyin juya halin. A battalions na National Guard a kan umarni na kwamitin tsakiya ya ɗauki ma'aikata gini, da 'yan sanda barikin, da tashar jirgin. Sama da ma'aikatar magajin gari da yamma Maris 19 hoisted cikin ja flag. Kamar haka ya tashi da Paris ƙungiya (kwanan wata - 18/03/1871) - The proletarian jihar, kazalika da sashin jiki na mulkin kama karya na ma'aikata. Yana dade kawai 72 kwana. Duk da haka, da tarihi na Paris ne mai wuya ba tare da taron, wanda ya cika wannan lokaci.

Shela da kwamitin tsakiya na National Guard ga mutane

A kwamitin tsakiya na National Guard a wannan rana bayar da wani roko ga mutane na Faransa, a cikin abin da ya fatan cewa babban birnin zai zama wani abin koyi ga samuwar sabuwar jamhuriyar. Yin fim kewaye cewa ya bai kai ba. Yana ce a wani jawabi da ga masu gadi da kuma iko na kwamitin tsakiya murabus, saboda ba su so su kama wurin da waɗanda suka kuskure ya kawai iskar fushin mutane. Shugabannin tawaye kanta ba ko sanar da gwamnatin rikon kwaryar kasar. Su bai yi kuskure ya dauki cikakken iko.

Zaben da ƙungiya

Cc maimakon shirya Maris zuwa Versailles, na fara shirya zaben zuwa ga ƙungiya. Amma da aka ba ta gudanar da wani aiki jama'a yakin neman zabe ga 'yan takara na ma'aikata. Kamar wancan himma aka rasa lokaci. M sakamakon da tsoron zargin ikon usurpation. tawaye da aka goyan bayan a da yawa sassa na Faransa a babban birnin kasar, amma saboda rashin hadin kai na mataki na jam'iyyar ba a kai.

Maris 26 zaben da aka gudanar a cikin majalisar da ƙungiya, shi ne babban dalili. Kawai 25 kujeru da shi samu daga 86. Sauran ma'aikata dauki bayin da masana. Naúrar na Paris ƙungiya aka saba a matsayin wani nau'i na ikon da farko da gaskiyar don gane kamar cikakken kamar yadda zai yiwu neman sauyi ayyuka kafa ta hanya na events.

Ba wai kawai da yanke shawara aka sanya da ƙungiya Council. Su halarci su m aiwatar. Shafe ta haka daban-daban cibiyoyin kazalika da rabuwa da iko. Majalisar ƙungiya 10 kwamitocin daga gare ta yan aka zaba, alhakin sassa daban daban na al'umma.

rundunar sojojin

A Paris ƙungiya, kamar yadda a tsawon cikin Jacobin mulkin kama karya, ya dogara ne a kan m mutane. A mafi gundumomi na babban birnin kasar bayan da Maris 18 da 'yan sanda da aka maye gurbinsu da National Guard, ta ajiye bataliya.

Wannan doka na Maris 29, 1871 ma soke conscription kuma ayyana cewa da jama'a cewa su dace da sabis suke kunshe a cikin National Guard.

Actions Versailles gwamnatin

Lurking a cikin Paris ƙungiya bari makiya duk wajen don kai domin disorganize da rai daga cikin babban birnin kasar, wahalad da halin da ake ciki na ƙungiya da haka hanzarta ta hallaka. Alal misali, ya kasance ɓarna da gangan ma'aikata na birni da kuma jihar cibiyoyin, wanda ya shirya Versailles gwamnati. Ƙungiya daga Maris 29 yanke shawarar cewa umarni da umarni mafi girma doka karfi ba su da kuma cewa su ne batun nan da nan sallama ma'aikata suka yi nufin su yi watsi da wannan hukuncin.

A farkon kwanaki bayan abubuwan da suka faru na Maris 18, shi ya fara gunaguni ƙwarai to adawa da kafa ikon da bourgeois latsa. Ta fara denigrate shugabannin Paris ƙungiya, to narke a cikin su adireshin qeta ƙirƙirãwa. CC, sa'an nan da Municipality za'ayi a yawan ayyuka da wadannan matakan. Kawai game da 30 manyan mukaman jaridu da mujallu da aka rufe a lokacin zama na ƙungiya.

Umurnin Afrilu 2,

A tarihin Paris a 1871 aka alama ta jerin munanan abubuwan da suka faru. Afrilu 2 yanke shawarar zana Thiers, kazalika da biyar mambobi na Versailles gwamnati zuwa asusu. Su An zargi na girka yakin basasa, shirya wani hari a kan babban birnin kasar. A mayar da martani ga harbi na fursunoni a kan Afrilu 5th ƙungiya bayar da umarni a kan garkuwa. A cewar shi, kowane mutum wanda aka zarge shi da hada baki da tare da gwamnatin ne a Versailles, da za a kama. Adari barazanar kisa na uku da aka yi garkuwa domin kowane harbi Communards.

Daruruwan mutane ne aka kama a kan tushen da wannan umurnin. Daga cikinsu akwai Bonzhan, wani tsohon Sanata, Darbua, Akbishop Zhekker, babban banki, da kuma wani rukuni na gendarmes, firistoci da jami'ai. A lokacin harbi na fursunoni aka tilasta dakatar Versailles. Duk da haka, a lokacin da shi ya bayyana cewa kisan da aka yi garkuwa da ƙungiya ne a ba sauri, sake maido da yanke hukuncin kisa na fursunoni federates. Gwamnati da shugabannin fili rasa fahimtar wajibcin danniya da ajin makiya. Lenin, da nazarin dalilan da gazawar da Paris ƙungiya, ya lura da cewa shi ne bai isa vigorously amfani da su kashe da juriya da sojoji.

Duk da cewa ranar 28 ga Mayun da juyin juya halin da aka ci, kuma a cikin duniya a yau, mutane da yawa suna bikin Ranar da Paris ƙungiya. Shi ne wata alama ce da nasara na proletariat a gwagwarmayar iko. Kowane dan Faransa ya sani cewa a kan Maris 18 - Rãnar da Paris ƙungiya. Wannan ranar kuwa ya gangara a tarihi a matsayin yi na farko a duniya proletarian juyin juya halin.