Reserve carbohydrate na shuke-shuke, da rawar a kan aiwatar da rai

Daya daga cikin tsaro sunadaran da shuke-shuke da dabbobi daga m yanayi ya kasance jari na ajiye na gina jiki. Very tasiri inji a lokacin da kasa ci na gina jiki daga waje.

Organic rayuwa a wannan duniya tamu na da carbon-akai, wanda ƙaddara su ƙaddarawa, "sunadarai" na Organic duniya.

"Chemistry" shuke-shuke

A tsarin juyin halitta daga wadannan kwayoyin gano wani yawan muhimmanci iri abubuwa, kamar sunadarai, carbohydrates da fats. Kowane daga cikinsu yana sanya wani rawa.

Sunadaran (peptides, polypeptides) a shuka Kwayoyin samar da wata isasshe mai rikitarwa, daya daga cikinsu - da photosynthetic.

Tare da wannan, shi ne wani data m gina jiki a cell division.

Fats ko triglycerides - halitta mahadi glycerol da monobasic m acid. Rawar da fats a shuka Kwayoyin aka bayyana tsarin da makamashi aiki.
Carbohydrates (sugars, saccharides) dauke da carbonyl da hydroxyl kungiyoyin. Babban muhimmancin al'amari - makamashi. Asirce yawa daban-daban carbohydrates, duka biyu narkewa da insoluble a ruwa. Bi da bi, da sinadaran halaye na kowane carbohydrate sanin da asali rawa.

Sitaci - babban ajiye carbohydrate na shuke-shuke

A insoluble carbohydrates wasa da muhimmancin da makamashi ajiye da shuka. Babban ajiye abu - carbohydrate shuke-shuke - shi ne sitaci. Saboda ta insolubility a ruwa, shi za a iya sa a cikin wani cell ba tare da damuwa da osmotic da kuma sinadaran balance.

Idan dole ajiye carbohydrate na shuke-shuke - sitaci - shi ne hydrolyzed ta samar da mai narkewa sugars (glucose), da kuma ruwa. A sakamakon fili shi ne samuwa, kuma aka cleaved ta mataki na enzymes zuwa carbon dioxide da water, da fede makamashi ake bukata.

Reserve carbohydrates a shuka Kwayoyin

Akwai da dama sauran carbohydrates cewa aiki a matsayin makamashi ajiya. Non-core ajiye abubuwa - carbohydrate shuke-shuke - shi ne inulin. Ya motsa ta cikin sel shuke-shuke a cikin wani narkewa form. A mafi girma adadin fili samu a tsire-tsire kamar dahlia, Urushalima artichoke, tafarnuwa, da kuma inula. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, matsakaicin yawan samu a cikin tubers da kuma tushen shuke-shuke.

A kan aiwatar da hydrolysis ko fermentation karin ajiye carbohydrate na shuke-shuke gaba daya decomposes cikin fructose. Kunshe a cikin abun da ke ciki na sucrose, shi ne mai sauki saccharide.

Babban ajiye carbohydrate a tsire-tsire - mai sitaci. Duk da haka, akwai sauran carbohydrates a Bugu da kari ga inulin, yin rawar da makamashi ajiya. mafi yawan sugar-kamar abubuwa za a iya dangana a gare shi. sucrose (da muka sani a matsayin sugar) - Alal misali, disaccharide aka ajiye a tushen beets. Mafi 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu dakatarda ajiye carbohydrate na shuke-shuke a cikin nau'i na sucrose da fructose. Zaki da dandano - da wata ãyã daga gaban data mono- ko disaccharide.

Sauran makamashi ajiya shuke-shuke

A hemicellulose iya aiki a matsayin mai ajiye gina jiki. Yana yana da babban kama tare da zare. Shi ne insoluble a ruwa. A karkashin mataki na rauni acid shi tsãgewar ƙwãyar cikin sauki monosaccharides. Ajiye a cikin membranes na da yawa hatsi hatsi. Hemicellulose taurin ne sosai high, da kuma wani lokacin shi ake kira "kayan hauren giwa". Amfani ga yi na Buttons, da kuma a cikin Pharmaceutical masana'antu. A kan aiwatar da germination aka hydrolyzed da enzymes a narkewa sugars da abinci cinyewa a cikin tayi.

Availability na kayayyakin carbohydrates - wani yanayin rayuwa

Kan aiwatar da samuwar kuma interconversion na carbohydrates a shuka Kwayoyin ne wani ɓangare na wani hadadden rayuwa aiwatar a cikin shuka cell. Carbohydrates cewa zai iya taka rawar da makamashi ajiya don samar da kariya a kan m yanayi. A kan aiwatar da germination na tsaba da kuma tubers samar da muhimman abubuwan gina jiki a lokacin da matakin farko na shuka raya kasa.

The salula na da wata shuka kwayoyin - na musamman da tsarin. Yawan ma'aikata "sunadaran" shi ne m zuwa miliyan daya motocin fasinja. Wannan shi ne da gaske wani hadadden tsarin kamar dukan shuka a dada. A baiwa da sahihancin yanayi a duk da bayyananen cancanci tsananin sha'awa.