Solovetsky makaranta apprentices Soviet Navy tarihi, tsofaffin] aliban, memory

Matasa a Salted vests, tare da swaying Gait da halaye samu maza ... Jung - wani irin alama ce dawwama da inviolability na sojan ruwa hadisai. Idan kana da wani yãro, shirya ba su bar cikin Jahĩm bene, sa'an nan - da jiragen ruwa ya zama!

Tattauna a cikin labarin zai mayar da hankali a kan Solovki makaranta Jung, tarihi na wannan ma'aikata, ta halitta, da masu digiri da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar.

ƴan Petrovs

Gida yaro a Rasha ya bayyana kusan lokaci guda tare da jiragen ruwa - a 1707 Petr Veliky kafa na farko makaranta a kasar, inda horar da matasa matuƙan. Wannan makaranta gudana a Kronstadt, amma ba ga tsawo. Sa'an nan kuma akwai wata irin makaranta a navigator ta makaranta, da kuma wani yunkurin da aka yi a 1912 don mayar da Kronstadt ma'aikata.

Dalilin kafa wannan makarantu (af, na dogon lokaci, da sunan rubuta a take hakkin Rasha nahawu - "yungov makaranta" saboda Kalmar "cabin yaro" na Dutch asalin) - bukatar samar da gaba da horo ga seafarers. Ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa da ake bukata a san kuma ya sami damar da yawa fiye da soja, da kuma shirya mai kyau matuƙan na recruits ko conscripts aka ba sauki - aka kashe lokaci mai yawa.

A Soviet gwamnati ma fahimci wannan, kuma a 1940 kafa nasa makaranta ta yara maza a tsibirin Valaam. Eh, kawai don samun mai kyau horo ta dalibai basu da lokaci - da yaki bai jira su. Mene ne muhimmancin da Solovki makaranta ta yara maza? Wannan za a tattauna kara.

fellows maye gurbin

Valaam gida yaron da aka kashe, kusan dukan (daga mutane 200 da suke zaune a can ne ba fiye da dozin), fada domin abin da ake kira "Nevsky Spot". Sun nuna kansu su zama kishin kasa da kuma heroes, amma babban manufar da aka ba su cika - ba zai iya zama cikin basira da pool ga Navy. Kuma matsalar da aka girma cikin sauri - a farkon yakin shekaru samu matuƙan aka kashe en sun mayar, da kuma maye gurbin su da recruits daga outlying yankunan, sun taba gani a cikin teku, ba shi yiwuwa. Ba mai kyau da kuma kasa ilimi da 'yan takara - sun kasance bã su iya jimre wa m hadaddun jirgin fasaha.

Jirãge aika a baya bauta reservists, amma su ma da yawa m, da kuma fasahar da aka ba yana tsaye har yanzu. Recruits, da yawa daga wanda su ne riga da kyau a kan talatin, ba za a iya dauke da wani cikakken fledged matuƙan kwararru. Akwai bukatar kirkiro wani sabon makaranta domin horar da matuƙan da zai iya bauta wa a cikin yaki da kuma jimre da jirgin kayan.

Admiral umurnin a kan kafa makaranta

The m shawarar da aka sanya ta Tarayyar Soviet Mutane ta Commissar na Navy, Admiral NG Kuznetsov. An suna bayan shi ne yanzu a matukar shahara Rasha jirgin sama m, dauke da fitar da wani gangamin kwanan nan zuwa Syria Coast. May 25, 1942, Admiral ya sanya hannu a umurnin a kan kafa makaranta ta yara maza a cikin Solovetsky Islands.

A ma'aikata da aka shirya maza ga mafi muhimmanci wartime fannoni: radio aiki, signalers, tuƙi, lantarki, da makaniki da Navy Boatswain.

Solovki sun dace domin dalilai da dama - da kuma kusa da yankin na fama gudanar, da kuma gwada lafiya, kuma fasaha tushe na wasu irin akwai, da kuma tsohon sufi gabatarwa aka sauƙi maida shi musamman domin azuzuwa da kuma barikin. Da ilimi shekara da aka shirya fara za Satumba 1st - haka yana da lokaci don gudanar da bikin bude yakin neman da kuma jawo sama da aikin yi shirye-shirye. Kurtu masu sa kai ya kamata kawai ta hanyar da Komsomol kungiyar. Duk da haka, Admiral N. G. Kuznetsov musamman nuna a cikin tsari da cewa dalibai na iya ba zama mambobi ne na Komsomol.

Warware Geneva Convention

Dole ne in ce, da yawa daga cikin 'yan takara a cikin gida yaron ya dauki wannan admiral tsaftacewa peculiar. Ko da yake a hukumance a cikin makaranta da aka dauka matasa na 15-16 shekaru, amma kusan a lokaci daya daban-daban crook akwai cadets, frankly ba su isa da shekaru Komsomol. A cikin mahallin da yaki akwai lokuta da dama na asara ko lalacewar da takardun da tabbatar da bayanan da aka ba ko da yaushe zai yiwu. Ƙarami Solovetsky gida yaro a lokacin shigar da binciken da kawai ... shekaru 11!

Eh, a cikin wani gida-yaro 15-shekara boys (da kuma wani shekara daga baya suka aiko su bauta!) Ne a fili ya saba wa ka'idojin da suka shafi agaji Geneva Convention haramta yin amfani na yau da kullum soja sabis na mutane a karkashin shekaru 18 da haihuwa. Amma wadannan ayyuka ne Mafi cikin layi tare da norms na dabi'a da kuma jama'a-spirited Soviet matasa a wartime.

Soviet boys san for tabbata: wajibi ne a doke da fascists ta zuwa cikakken halaka! Amma kasancewar Geneva Convention, yawancin su sani ba, kuma ba ya so ya yi. Wadanda yara na Tarayyar Soviet, wanda ya canja a cikin sabon bogi shekara haihuwa 1925 zuwa 1923, to mafi sauri samun zuwa gaba, ko a cikin shekaru 11, ya rantse cewa suna da 15 daban-daban babban ingancin ne mai kyau tada wani yaro - sha'awar zama manya maza maza. Kuma girma sun gane daidai - kamar yadda alhakin, aikin da taƙawa.

m gasar

Kuma wani saurayi a cikin Tarayyar Soviet ya sosai! Kansu tsohon gida yaron ya gaya mini cewa, misali, a cikin Moscow, tare da shipping umarnin da 500 kujeru a farko sa na 'yan kwanaki 3,500 aikace-aikace da aka ƙaddamar.

Duk da haka, tsananin zaba. Wannan kuskure - ɗauka cewa Suvorov makarantu ko makaranta apprentices a lokacin yaki aika na musamman rashin gida. Saboda haka, ma, akwai, amma kawai tare da wadanda vagrant yara, cewa kawai aka ba mired a aikata laifi. More akai-akai, da 'yan takara zama matasa da ma'aikata da suke kananan guerrillas da kuma' ya'yan regiments, kazalika da yara na marigayin da sojoji.

Da suka kamata su da wani ilmi a kalla 6 azuzuwan (wasu wayo gudanar a samu a kusa da wannan mulki) da kuma mai kyau kiwon lafiya (inda ya fi wuya - likita hukumar "nade" na da yawa). Mun sanar da su daga 9 zuwa 11 months, sosai tsanani, da kuma shirin hada ba kawai horo na specialization, amma kuma da Rasha harshen, lissafi, kimiyya. Ko halshen wani dance makaranta a mafi kyau hadisai na Rasha jiragen ruwa (tare da ambato da cewa na apprentices har yanzu girma shugabannin - da ikon yi rawa aka dauke m ga "dama" na wani sojan ruwa jami'in). Horar da matasa zama gaske m iyawa pool.

Ba'a kula da suba Tsohon soji apprentices makaranta

Solovetsky makaranta apprentices Navy samar 5 bugu (3 a lokacin yaki, da kuma 2 a bãyan ƙarshe - wadannan digiri ne, yafi aika zuwa masunta, bayyananne teku mine). Daga baya, da makaranta da aka canjawa wuri zuwa Kronstadt, kuma Solovki gida yaron ƙare - akwai Kronstadt.

Makaranta Solovki apprentices a lokacin yaki, saki mai 4111 mutane, sa'an nan suka bauta wa a kan duk fleets (rarraba tsananin a cikin ra'ayi na bukatar). Kimanin 1,000 apprentices bai koma gida, bada rai ga tsaron gida na motherland. Mafi yawansu sun kasance radio aiki, amma quite 'yan minders, electricians da kuma manyan bindigogi. Yana da aka tuƙi, signalers da wakilan sauran marine fannoni.

Sau da yawa da jiragen ruwa masu digiri Solovki makaranta ta yara maza tabbatar watakila mafi ilimi da kuma horar da tawagar 'yan (tashin hankali tare da ma'aikatan nace har karshen yaki). A cikin wadannan lokuta, a paradoxical halin da ake ciki - 16-17-yaro ne dan shekaru bayyana a cikin rawar da horon, da kuma shugabannin 40-shekara kawun. Hakika, ba su manta su tunatar yungam karkashi, amma har yanzu halarci a kyau bangaskiya. Duk da haka, da mazan conscripts har yanzu ya tuna da wannan yaki da kawar da jahilci a na manya, a lokacin da malamai da kakaninki, ma, sun 10-shekara majagaba. Saboda haka cewa Soviet matuƙan suna da kyau gane: matasa - ba ya nufin kadan ilmi.

Mun bayar da su ba sosai yarda, amma sãka. Solovetsky digiri na biyu V. Moiseenko a 1945 aka bayar da suna Hero na Tarayyar Soviet. Sasha Kovalev (shi ne, ba ko da Alexander - Sasha!) Dã Order of Red Star kuma yakin duniya na II. da yawa aka bayar da lambar yabo. Amma postwar fitarwa na harka bai inganta. Har 1985 da Solovki gida yaron da aka gani ba, ko da mahalarta na Great Patriotic War! Akwai ya kasance wani m voye na gaskiya na yarda da soja rantsuwa (mai yiwuwa ya zargi duk wannan Geneva Convention, daga abin da ya zama dole a boye shekara goma sha biyar na shugabannin). Kawai juriyarsu na Marshal Akhromeeva yarda ka gyara wani rashin adalci.

Amma ƙwaƙwalwar nace ba tare da game da komai haqqinsa ja tef. Tuni a cikin shekara ta 1972 (da 30th tunawa da makaranta) ya fara bayyana farko Monuments na boys daga Solovki, kuma ya zama wata al'ada al'ada tsohon apprentices.

m 'yan'uwantaka

Abin lura shi ne cewa, daga cikin apprentices suka tsira da yaki, shi ne mai yawa da Multi-talented mutane, mutane da yawa sun samu a cikin da dama daga fannoni.

Vladimir Korobov, Yu Pandorin kuma N. Usenko dukan rai ƙuƙumi tare da rundunar motoci, tanã fita bi da bi ga Admiral, Rear Admiral kuma Captain 2 daraja. Wadannan uku matuƙan bayan da yaki samu title of Hero na Tarayyar Soviet karkashin daban-daban yanayi. Hudu sauran tsofaffin] aliban da aka bayar da Star na Hero of Socialist Labor.

I. K. Peretruhin zabi aikin soja a wani yanki - ya zama wani jami'in a counterintelligence. Ya nuna kansa da wani gida yaron da waɗanda cewa sun yanke shawarar canza siffar da tafiya a kan wani farar hula kwat da wando. BT Shtokolov sanã'anta da lakabi na jama'ar kasar Artist da Tarayyar Soviet - shi ne wani shahararren wasan kwaikwayo singer, mai cika bass Lines. V. V. Leonov ya alamar tauraro a cikin da dama na fina-finai. Bugu da kari, shi ya kasance wani Bard, mai son mai yi na kansa songs. Far Matyushin yi yaƙi da adana tarihin ƙasarsa ta kasa kamar yadda karfi da matsayin kare shi daga makiya - archeologists samu title na Academician. VG Guzanov rubuta rubutun ga fina-finai da kuma littattafai. Ya kuma yi mai yawa kafa al'adu Rasha-Japanese dangantakar, aka gane gwani Japan karatu. Wasu daga cikin littattafan da aka rubuta a Japan.

Amma mafi yadu da aka sani da ya samu daya daga cikin sosai m masu laifi na Geneva Convention. Valentin Savich Pikul lokacin shigar da Solovetsky makaranta shekara dangana ga kansa. Ya yi kai da fama wajibi, amma rabo ya m - wani matashi ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa na tsira. Daga baya V. S. Pikul shahara kamar yadda watakila mafi shahara Soviet da kuma Rasha marubuci kwarewa a tarihi litattafan. Soviet masu karatu (kullum tsananin sonta take kyau adabi) sun kasance a cikin ni'imar da ya littattafai a cikin jerin gwano da kuma sake bugawa su da kanka a kan typewriters. A daidai wannan lokaci kusan rabin da litattafan Pikul hanya ko wata, amma related to da marine theme.

A littafin game da Solovki makaranta ta yara maza 'Boys da bakuna "

Kada ka manta da marubuci, kuma ya m matasa a Solovki. ya sadaukar da labari "Boys da bakuna" to comrades a makaranta ta yara maza da su m take. Ya bayyana rai da rabo daga Solovki makaranta na ta digiri a ayyukansu da kuma VG Guzanov.

Idan waɗannan ayyuka ne da tsohon apprentices ne da gaske autobiographical adabi, akwai wani m da kuma kawo wa matasa na yau memory game da amfani da takwarorina. A cikin littafin "The teku na kiran da jarumi" za a iya ba a matsayin misali. Yana ne na ƙwarai da cewa ya buga a Yaroslavl - Yaroslavl inda, da kuma inda Solovki!

A tarihin Solovki makaranta apprentices aka nuna a cikin Soviet cinema - fim dangane da shi, "Young ta Arewa jiragen ruwa" da aka yin fim.

Memory a dutse daga cikin shahararrun makaranta

Wannan robust abu kuma rike feat cancantar matasa heroes vests. A farko tunawa bayyana a Solovki girmama na 30th ranar tunawa da makaranta. Tsohon gida yaron ya gina kansu, a kan nasu, kuma a nasu kudi.

Daga baya, bayan da hukuma amincewa da Solovki Jung Tsohon soji na Great Patriotic War, da dorewar tunawa da su da hannu a duka biyu da gwamnati da kuma jama'a. A Moscow a 1995, akwai wani yanki na Solovki apprentices. A shekara ta 1993, wani abin tunawa ga matasa matuƙan kafa a kan bangare na Arewa Dvina, kuma a shekarar 2005 - a kan mai suna a cikin girmamawa area (a lokuta biyu, marubucin ya yi magana sculptor F. Sogayan).

Amma mafi ban sha'awa tunawa tsaye a cikin yadi na daya daga cikin Moscow makarantu (yanzu - "Tsaye" motsa jiki). Ya bayyana a shekarar 1988, kuma marubucin na aikin shi ma wani digiri na biyu daga cikin Solovetsky - artist E. N. Goryachev. Moscow School, kuma ya zama shahararren ga tun halitta kasar na farko gidan kayan gargajiya Solovetsky apprentices - tare da taimakon da Tsohon soji da kansu da kuma malamin da kuma dalibi ta babbar sha'awa. Ya kamata a lura cewa muhimmiyar rawa a kungiyar taka Komsomol - kwaminis Matasa Union tsunduma ba kawai a cikin farfaganda, amma kuma (zuwa mafi girma har) da wani halin kirki da kuma masu kishin ilimin. Museum bayyana a shekarar 1983, kuma har 2012 an karkashin jagorancin Kyaftin 1st Rank (Ret) N. V. Osokin - tsohon Solovetsky Jung.

"Kuma ba ni zaton, yan'uwansu, cewa a kan yungah bude gidan kayan gargajiya", - rubuta a kan wannan lokaci Bard V. V. Leonov. Da shayari ya zama taken wannan musamman ma'aikata.

Happy Anniversary, gwarazansa!

A shekara ta 2017, da 75th tunawa da Solovki makaranta apprentices. Bikin a kan batun da aka gudanar a birnin Moscow, Arkhangelsk kuma, ba shakka, a kan Solovki. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, da rabo daga tsohon dalibai (13 daga cikinsu yanzu rayuwa a arhangelogorodschine) da kuma makaranta kanta Solovetsky Arkhangelsk Jung kuma ya jagoranci shi ne mai sha'awar. A wani muhimmin bikin da aka gudanar a gargajiya commemorative gamuwa da 'yan sauran masu digiri. yankin gwamnati fara magana game da bukatar haifar a Solovki gidan kayan gargajiya da kuma tunawa.

Yake - Solovetsky Islands, inda makaranta ta yara maza rayu, ya zama m cewa a cikin wannan girmamawa da suke yi primacy Moscow. Musamman a yanzu da cewa jagoranci na yanzu Solovetsky sufi nasa ne da himma don ƙirƙirar Jung Museum da fahimta da goyon baya. Domin irin wannan mai kyau hanyar sufaye yarda kadan "tafi" da kuma sa wani taimako a kimiyya da kuma kungiya aiki.

Kuma shi zai iya zama ko haifaffen da makaranta da kanta. Shugaban Rasha aika wani tayin don canja wurin zuwa Solovki wasu Tsarin Marine yar jam'iyyar kadet Corps to a sake a kan Rasha kotuna sun jaruntakar Solovki gida yaro. Wa ya sani. Zai yiwu labarin daga cikin shahararrun Solovetsky makaranta apprentices ba kan ...