Spanish sociologist Manuel Castells: da biography da kuma hoto

Manuel Castells - Spanish sociologist da leftist ra'ayoyi, wanda ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa ga nazarin da bayanai jama'a, sadarwa da kuma duniya baki daya. Lissafi Index of Social Sciences a review na 2000-2014 shekaru, ba shi da na biyar mafi kawo sunayensu masana kimiyya a kafofin watsa labarai a duniya. Shi ne ya lashe Holberg Prize (2012) ya bayar da ka'idar bayanai (post-masana'antu) al'umma. A shekara aka bayar da babbar Balzan Award a fagen ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a. Ba zato ba tsammani, da Holberg Prize ne wani analogue na Nobel, kawai a cikin zaman takewar kimiyya da kuma al'adu. A wannan lokaci, Manuel Castells ne darektan harkokin bincike Department of ilimin halayyar, University of Cambridge, da kuma shi ne ma wani farfesa manyan cibiyoyin ilmi, a Los Angeles da kuma Berkeley.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma samartaka

Manuel Castells aka haife shi a karamin gari na Hellin a cikin Spanish lardin Albacete (La Mancha) a 1942. Akwai ya girma, kuma sun ciyar da yara. Amma a cikin matasa a nan gaba sociologist koma akai-akai. Ya rayu a Albacete, Madrid, Cartagena, Valencia da kuma Barcelona. Mahaifansa biyu ya zo daga wani sosai ra'ayin mazan jiya iyali. Kamar yadda wani saurayi, Manuel tafi Franco ta Spain, da yara da su yi tsayayya ga dukan kewaye. Saboda haka, ya kasance da kansa, ya zama sha'awar siyasa tun shekara goma sha biyar. A Barcelona, matasa jama'a suka tafi jami'a da kuma nazarin tattalin arziki da kuma dokar. Akwai ya shiga cikin karkashin kasa anti-Francoist dalibi motsi "Front Desk". Aikinsa ja hankalin na tsaro da sabis na kasar, sa'an nan ya fara da kama daga cikin abokansa, dangane da abin da Manuel aka tilasta su yi hijira zuwa kasar Faransa.

A farkon wani ilimi aiki

A shekaru ashirin da, Manuel Castells kammala karatunsa a Sorbonne. Sa'an nan, ya rubuta wani digiri na uku a fannin nazarin zamantakewar al'umma a Jami'ar Paris. Daya daga cikin malaman ya Alen Turen. A shekara ashirin da huɗu, Castells ya kasance wani malami a dama Faransa jami'o'i. Sai ya fara karatu a birane al'amurran da suka shafi da kuma koyarwa hanya na zamantakewa da bincike da kuma birane ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a. Har ma yana da damar koyar da sanannen Daniel Cohn-Bendit, a Jami'ar Paris West - Nanterre-La tsaron gida. Amma daga can aka sallami dangane da goyon baya ga dalibi zanga-zanga na 1968. Ya sa'an nan ya zama wani malami a Digiri na biyu School of Social Sciences, inda ya yi aiki har sai a shekarar 1979.

Daga baya rai

A marigayi 70-ies karni na karshe, Manuel Castells zama wani farfesa na ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a na California dake Berkeley. Ya kuma zama alhakin irin wannan horo a matsayin "birane da yankuna da shiryawa." A gida ya kuma ba su manta - mana, bayan mutuwar Franco. A 80-90-ies ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan Cibiyar ilimin halayyar na New Technologies a cin gashin kanta University of Madrid. A 2001 aka nada farfesa a Barcelona. Wannan ma'aikata da aka kira Open University. Bugu da kari, ya aka gayyace mu lakca a da yawa manyan makarantu a duniya. Tun 2003, Castells zama farfesa sadarwa a Jami'ar Kudancin California. Ya kuma shugabantar Cibiyar Harkokin Diflomasiyya a wannan ma'aikata. Tun 2008 ya ne a kwamitin memba na Turai Cibiyar Innovation da Technology. Ya na zaune a Spain da Amurka, yana kashe lokaci a cikin daya ko sauran wuri.

Hulda da Rasha da kuma sirrinka

Yana da ban sha'awa cewa ga irin wannan babban masanin kimiyya a matsayin Manuel Castells, nazarin da birnin da matsaloli da kuma ya} ashin for sirri dangantaka. Sociologist daga ko'ina cikin duniya suka taho da Tarayyar Soviet a shekarar 1984 a taron na kasa da kasa Sociological Association, da aka gudanar a birnin Novosibirsk. Akwai ya gana da Rasha kimiyya Emmoy Kiselevoy, wanda daga baya aure shi. Bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet Castells zo zuwa Rasha tare da kungiyar kasashen waje da shawara da kuma shiryawa ya gyara, amma da shawarwari da aka dauke su unacceptable. Duk da haka, ya ci gaba da rubuta littattafai da articles game da zamani bayanai al'umma. Wasu daga cikin su sun kishin da rawar da wuri na Rasha. Su aka rubuta tare da haɗin gwiwar Emmoy Kiselevoy. An dauke su a cikin Rasha adabi cewa Castells ne a post-Marxists, amma masanin kimiyyar kansa quite m na gurguzu ra'ayoyi da kuma yi imanin cewa, aiwatar da wani Utopia take kaiwa zuwa totalitarianism.

Ka'idar Manuelya Kastelsa

Wannan sociologist, shi ne marubucin da ashirin littattafai da kuma a kan mutum ɗari articles. Matsaloli na birane rayuwa kasance babban jigo na farko da ayyukansu. Amma ba kawai shi ne sha'awar a cikin irin wannan masanin kimiyya a matsayin Manuel Castells. Major ayyuka suna kishin nazarin ta kungiyoyi da cibiyoyin, da rawar da Internet a cikin al'umma, zamantakewa ƙungiyoyi, al'adu da siyasa da tattalin arziki. Bugu da kari, an yi imani da cewa Castells ne daya daga cikin manyan zamani sociologist kwarewa a fagen ilimi game da bayanai al'umma. Rubuce-rubucen a kan wannan batu ana kimanta a matsayin wani classic. Scientist sha'awar a Jihar mutumin da jama'a, a cikin mahallin da matakai na duniya Internet. Ya kuma diddigin matsalolin zamantakewa canji, wanda su ne sakamakon da fasahar zamani. Ya sadaukar da monumental trilogy "The Information Age: Tattalin Arziki, al'umma da kuma al'adu." A farko girma na shi ne ake kira "The fitowan na cibiyar sadarwa jama'a," na biyu - "The ikon ainihi", da kuma na uku - "The End of Millennium". Wannan trilogy ya sa da yawa daga muhawara a cikin kimiyya yanayi. Shi ne mai rare ci gaba aikin "Galaxy Internet".

Manuel Castells: manufar wani bayani yanayin na ci gaba

New fasahar na seventies sanya m canje-canje a cikin zaman jama'a da kuma tattalin arziki tsarin al'umma. Isasshe m tsaye karfe ma'aikata da kuma maye gurbin networks - m, kuma m horizontally daidaitacce. Shi ne ta hanyar su ne yanzu yi da iko, da kuma sharing da albarkatun, da kuma more. Domin Castells yana da muhimmanci sosai domin ya nuna cewa dangantakar kasa da kasa a fannin kasuwanci da kuma al'adu, da kuma ci gaban bayanai fasahar - sabon abu na interdependent kuma rabuwa. All duniyoyin rayuwa, daga cikin al'amurran siyasa na manyan jihohin da rayuwar yau da kullum na talakawa mutane canza, fadowa cikin wani duniya na cibiyar sadarwa. Waɗannan kimiyoyi ake tãyar da su unprecedented Heights a zamani al'umma darajar da ilimi da kuma bayanai gudana. Theorists na post-industrialism ne kuma aka ambata, amma shi ya tabbatar kawai tura Manuel Castells. The bayanai shekaru, muna ganin a wannan lokaci, ya yi ilimi da kuma canja wuri da babban tushen yawan aiki da kuma iko.

Kamar yadda jama'a ya zama cibiyar sadarwa

Manuel Castells na nazarin fasali na wannan sabon abu. Daya daga cikin halaye na bayanai shekaru ne a cibiyar sadarwa tsarin ci gaban al'umma a wasu ma'ana sarkar. Bugu da kari, cikin al'umma canza zuwa bango na accelerating duniya da kuma sabani, wanda ya ji ciwo dukan duniya. Muhimmi game da wadannan canje, bisa ga Castells, saboda da aiki da bayanai da kuma sadarwa na na'urorin fasahar zamani. A musamman, da babbar rawa da na Silicon Valley da ta kwamfuta masana'antu. A illa da kuma sakamakon wannan sun zama rufe dukkan yankunan da mutum aiki. Daya daga cikinsu shi, bisa ga Manuel Castells, da cibiyar sadarwa al'umma. Yana fara dabaru na canje-canje a cikin zaman jama'a tsarin, da kuma kaiwa ga gaskiya cewa mafi nasara sabon abu ne da ikon ya zama m, reconfiguration. Duniya na tattalin arziki, ma, ya zama irin wannan mai sakamako. Bayan duk, babban ayyuka, kamar babban birnin kasar, aiki, raw kayan, fasahar, kasuwanni da ake shirya, kamar yadda mai mulkin, a kan wani duniya sikelin ta hanyar sadarwa cudanya da aiki jamiái.

Manuel Castells: "The ikon sadarwa"

Daya daga cikin na karshe ayyukan wannan babbar sociologist mu lokaci, rubuta a shekarar 2009, amma kawai kwanan fassara a cikin Rasha, shi ne wani littafi a kan siyasar tafiyar matakai na rana, na duniya, kafofin watsa labaru da kuma yanar-gizo. Ya nuna yadda ikon fasahar aikin, ta amfani jawo jama'a da hankali ga wasu taron ko sabon abu. Bugu da kari, da sadarwa tasiri a kan aiki kasuwa, samar da sabuwar dama ga 'yan ta'adda, kazalika da gubar da gaskiyar cewa kowa da kowa a wannan duniyar tamu ne ba kawai da mabukaci, amma kuma tushen bayani. A lokaci guda, da waɗannan kimiyoyi sun sanya shi yiwuwa don sarrafa sani. Ba su kadai ne suka kai ga halittar "Shĩn, tankuna" amfani da manyan labarai "Whales" amma kuma zuwa "kasa" da m tsari, lokacin da saƙonni da yawa tsince da kalaman na zamantakewa sadarwar, zai iya kai wa ga fashewa, da ikon canza tsarin.