Tarihi da kuma al'adu Monuments na Bashkortostan. Jamhuriyar Bashkortostan: jan hankali

Kowane kabila aka qaddara wuce su hanya na zama shawo kan wuya sau ko gallaza mana. Amma ba tare da da-kasancewa zuwa mafi girma ko karami har taba aikata wani daya zamanin. A tarihin Bashkortostan ne ba togiya. Mun kasance a cikin hanyar wannan mutane farin ciki da kuma bakin ciki, nasara da shan kashi, da ɗaukaka, da kunya. Abin da sake kidaya kuri'un da yawa epics, wanda gaya game Batyrov da kuma sauran manyan mutane da suka gabata. Hakika, na zamani Bashkiria - quite wani cin nasara Jamhuriyar hakkin cin gashin a Rasha Federation (Urals tattalin arziki yankin). Amma ba ko da yaushe. Monuments na Jamhuriyar Bashkortostan "gaya" game ta ƙarni-tsohon hadisai.

tarihi bayanai

Bashkirs kamar yadda kabila kafa ko a cikin I th. N. e., kuma daga karni na goma a yankin ƙasarsu ya fara yada addinin Musulunci, wanda aka qaddara domin ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nan gaba. Shi ne sun fi mayar da wani addini da gudummawar da adana ainihi daga cikin mutane, bari assimilation, musamman shan la'akari da cewa Bashkirs kullum unusually "m" su zauna a cikin kusanci da Golden taro da Khazar Turkic Khaganate, Bulgarskim Khanate. Wannan shi ne wajen mummunan tasiri a kan siyasa daidaituwa na raba Bashkir kabilu. Recent kullum a rashin daidaito da juna da kuma makwabtaka da jama'arsu.

Duk da haka, lokacin da ya zo, da kuma lokacin da za a feuds kan. Daga tsakiyar karni na XVI tarihi na Bashkortostan gudana a cikin daban-daban tashar - da yawan jama'a ya wuce zuwa Rasha dan kasa, a karkashin jagorancin na Tsar Ivan da Munin. A daya hannun, shi bayar da wata dama da ta dakatar da infighting da kuma gwada da al'ada ci gaba. Duk da haka, a kan ƙasa, daga cikin Bashkirs fara rayayye matsar da sauran al'ummai, ciki har da Tatars, Mari, Chuvash, Udmurt, Mordvinians. Hakika, kawai yi Rasha da kuma Ukrainians, kazalika da sauran mazaunan sararin kasa, ma, ya fara gano sabon ƙasa.

Ya shiga cikin ayyukan a cikin Bashkirs a cikin farkawa daga cikin mafi m da kuma tausayi Rasha tawaye na 1773-1775. Wannan ya nuna ba kawai a cikin m almara, amma kuma ya ba ta wata kasa gwarzo - Salavat Yulaev, wanda aka dauke daya daga cikin sahabbai da shugaban na baƙauye tawaye Emelyana Pugacheva.

Daga baya shi ne Bashkir cin gashin kanta Soviet Jamhuriyar (tun 1920). Ya zama daya daga cikin muhimman masana'antu da cibiyoyin (sinadaran da petrochemical masana'antu) a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. Tare da auka na karshen ne a hankali canza kama zuwa cikin Jamhuriyar Bashkortostan tare da Kurultai, t. E. A bicameral majalisar dokokin kasar da kuma shugaban kasa. A babban birnin kasar shi ne birnin Ufa, kafa a 1574 a kan site na wani tsoho shiri na 'yan asalin kabilar. Bashkortostan map ya hada da 54 administrative gundumomi. Daga gare su, garuruwa 21 da kuma 4434 kauyuka. A jama'ar ya wuce miliyan 4 da mutane, a na uku na duk rayuwa a Bashkiria mayar da hankali a Ufa da Ufa yankin.

A iri-iri na tarihi da kuma al'adu Monuments na Bashkortostan

Hakika, wannan mai tsawo da kuma wuya hanyar ci gaba ba za a iya nuna a cikin sculptures da shaidar da dazamani. Yau a Bashkortostan karkashin jihar kariya ne game da dubu biyu daban-daban iri iri na Monuments na gine-gine, art, al'ada da kuma ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi.

Mafi shahara Monuments na Bashkortostan (jerin):

• A farko masallaci.
• Monument zuwa Salavat Yulaev da Aleksandru Matrosovu.
• Aksakov jama'ar kasar House.
• Kabarin (kabari) Bendebike.
• Kogon Shulgan-Tash.
• Na Cathedral of Nativity na Virgin.

National Parks da reserves an san zuwa yanzu fiye da jamhuriyar kuma consistently jawo hankalin sabon baƙi.

Silent Monuments na al'adun Bashkortostan, nuna wasu matakai faruwa a cikin al'umma, sau da yawa za a iya gaya mai yawa fiye da ko da Siyasa takardun. Amma su daraja ne undeniable daga duk wani ra'ayi. Wannan cikakken shafi wuraren ibada, wanda daidai da ruhu na kabila. Wannan Gaskiya ne, don irin daban-daban na kasa da Multi-addini jam'iyya, wanda shine Jamhuriyar Bashkortostan.

Na Cathedral of Nativity na Virgin

Ufa Wannan Haikali, wadda aka gina a 1903-1909 gg., Aka asali a uku-storied tubali gini da kararrawa hasumiyar da Dome na daya Dome studded da baƙin ƙarfe itace. Wannan coci da aka qaddara domin ya tsira da wuya shekaru bayan juyin juya hali, amma a karshen shi aka har yanzu rufe, da kuma dakin da aka sanya a karkashin iska nazarinsa. A nan gaba, akwai wani movie gidan wasan kwaikwayo a buɗe, disfiguring gabatarwa bayan fitarwa. Kawai kasance a cikin faɗuwar rana na Soviet zamanin, a shekarar 1991, ya koma haikalin diocese. Ma'anar kalmar sake gini na Nativity na Virgin Cathedral da aka jinkirta na tsawon shekaru 15, amma ginin sama-blue color da zinariya domes da kyau zanen da aka fi capacious Orthodox coci a babban birnin kasar.

A farko masallaci

Bashkortostan al'ada daukawa mai m bugu na Gabas. Wani misali na wannan - da farko babban coci gina a cikin masallaci a 1830, wanda asali da aka dutse gini da guda minaret. Daga baya ya sake sau da yawa. Wannan masallaci shi ne daya daga cikin manyan a pre-neman sauyi Rasha, da kuma isowa na ta ƙidaya kusan dubu mutane. Bugu da kari, a lõkacin da ta yi makarantu da kuma Rasha-Bashkir biyu-shekara kwaleji. Domin shekaru 30 (1960-1991). Kawai masallaci ba su daina ayyukan a Ufa.

kabarin Bendebike

Historical Monuments na Bashkortostan hada da kabarin, wanda wai ya kawo karshen Duniya ta hanyar babban mata - Bendebike. Ta shi ne saboda ta kwarai hikima da dalili, ya iya kawo karshen yaki tsakanin Bashkirs da Kazakhs. Wannan ginin da ake yi a cikin nau'i na wani octahedron da Dome sanya na tubalin na biyu launuka - da zuciyar ne m da kuma ja Kirsimeti ado hukuncin kisa.

Abin lura shi ne cewa Bendebike ya ba Hanshi ko mai mulki. Ta kawai m mace mai hikima da daraja haihuwa, to da Majalisar saurari duk shugabannin kabilai. Sunanta ya girmama ba kawai Bashkirs, amma kuma da ke makwabtaka da al'umma, kamar yadda ta hikima daraja mai girma. Game da ta da mijinta akwai da dama Legends kuma labaru.

Aksakov jama'ar kasar House

Tarihi da kuma al'adu Monuments na Bashkortostan ma wakilta daya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa a cikin sharuddan na gine-gine, gini, gina a 1909-1920 gg. Kamar yadda za a iya gani riga daga sunan, da jama'ar kasar House da aka sadaukar domin tunawa da fice a wallafe-wallafen adadi Sergeya Timofeevicha Aksakova, da kuma yi aikin da aka ma ta sanar a gasar ga Rasha. Kudi da aka tattara cikin Ufa. Construction da aka za'ayi a kan shekaru 10, ko da yake sakamakon da aka daraja da shi - ko da bayan kusan karni Aksakov House looker da ta musamman gine. Yana weaved da dama styles: Rasha Classicism, Baroque da kuma gabashin Asiya, tare da dogon taga slits. Wannan gini ne Ya cancanta farin cikin image na kamfanin dake da wata Jamhuriyar, inda lumana yi cu] anya da Rasha da kuma Bashkir. Tun karshen 30s a can yana da opera da rawa, amma mafi muhimmanci shi ne cewa a 'yan shekaru da suka wuce Aksakov gidan kõma ta haihuwa sunan.

Yana da wuya a kwatanta wata al'umma da cewa bai girmama ta heroes, ya kuma nemi su kula da tsada sunayen a cikin ƙarni. Kuma da warriors a kan ƙasa na zamani Belarus kasance ko da yaushe mai girma iri-iri. Saboda haka, tarihi da kuma al'adu Monuments na Bashkortostan - tunatarwa ne na kasa heroes, manta da cewa shi ne, ba zai yiwu.

Salavat Yulaev

Inda kuma ya sanya ya zama abin tunawa ne ba a mafi batu, kamar yadda idan kare mazaunan daga duk Mũnãnan ayyuka? Monument zuwa Salavat Yulaev - shi ne ba kawai wani na musamman da kuma most wasannin mutum-mutumi a Rasha, amma kuma a kasa taska, shi ne girman kai na Jamhuriyar Bashkortostan.

Sai da na ɗauki uku shekarun da suka gabata sculptor Soslanbek Tavasieva fita ka sake image na gwarzo, wanda ya yi yaƙi da nufin Catherine Mai girma. Kuma maimakon yaki a kan gwamnatin gefe, ya shiga cikin 'yan tawayen Pugachev.

A simintin gyara na bronzed baƙin ƙarfe, kama Salavat Yulaev a cikin muhimmanci lokacin da yanke shawara game da miƙa mulki ga Pugachev. Ya alama da za a kira su bi shi, haka tacitly gaya sabon ƙarni na mazaunan Bashkortostan na da ikon da mutum ruhu da kuma muhimmancin 'yancin zabi.

Alexander Matrosov

Ƙwaƙwalwar na heroes na rayuwar mutane. Yana ne irin wannan abin tunawa miliyoyin Alexander Matrosov - 19-shekara na yau da kullum da sojoji da 2nd bataliyan raba, sanyi Fabrairu rana labulen jikinsa a Jamus na'ura gun. A cewar daya daga version, ya aka haife saboda Bashkiria. Saboda haka za mu kafa a Ufa a 6 ga watan tunawa da Nasara tagulla mutum-mutumi, depicting Matrosov a groundsheet da bindiga a kan wata pedestal na ruwan hoda marmara - domin ingantawa na ƙarshe.

Monument Nagomu Mihailu Aleksandrovichu

Monument da kafa Ufa - a gwada sabon abin tunawa. An kafa kawai 7 shekaru da suka wuce. Ya kwatanta da gwamnan, wanda aka yaba da farkon da kuma birnin gine-gine. Don kwanan wata, akwai wani abin tunawa a kauyen na takwas na Maris, a kan karkata daga cikin babban birnin kasar na Jamhuriyar Bashkortostan. Duk da haka, shi ne fatan cewa a kan lokaci, wannan abin tunawa zai dauki da wuri tare da sauran kasa heroes.

Friendship tunawa

Zumuncin da ke tsakanin Rasha da Bashkir mutane fiye da 450 shekaru, amma farkon da shi sa Ivan Grozny a cikin m 1557. Ya dauki karkashin reshe, da shan wahala daga ciki jayayya da danniya Golden Bashkirs. Kuma zuwa wannan rana suna a cikin Rasha Federation. Haka abin ya fara wani sabon zamanin da al'adu na Bashkortostan. Bayan hudu ƙarni, a 1957, da memory na wannan taron ya yanke shawarar dorewar, samar da wani Friendship Monument. Dutsen yana sanya a cikin wani nau'i na ruwa ba tare da wata makama (35 mita high). Biyu mata da Laurel wreaths a hannuwansu, suna located a kan ko dai gefen ruwa, wakilci Bashkir da kuma Rasha mutãnensu, Laurel "magana" game da har abada da kuma kafa dake raba zumuncin da ke tsakanin su.

Monument ga Heroes na Oktoba juyin juya halin da kuma yakin basasa

Tashin hankalin duk ayyukan soji a kasar ta'allaka ne da cewa tayarwa gāba da juna ba kawai jiya ta abokai, amma kuma jini dangi. Domin Rasha, mafi tir da na karfe a wannan batun a lokacin yakin basasa da kuma Great Oktoba juyin juya halin.

Domin kusan 40 da suka wuce a Bashkortostan a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da heroism na kasa Kabarin da aka gina, sadaukar da mahalarta daga wadannan abubuwan. A cikin pedestal ne zuwa gida da dama Figures: Red Army soja da bindiga, a maƙeri tare da guduma, talakawa manomi, ga hannunsa a maimakon na saba noma kayan aikin bayar da umarnin rike gun. Wadannan Figures, wadda aka yi nufi ga wakiltar wani ɓangare na yawan jama'ar, sun rufe wani mortally rauni soja tsofaffi, kamar yara kusa uba. Wannan ya jaddada hadin kan mutane a gwagwarmayar 'yancin kansu.

Memorial "baqin ciki Uwar"

A fasalin da wannan abin tunawa ne cewa shi aka sadaukar domin dukan sojojin da aka kashe yayin da shan kashi a da yawa na gida rikice-rikice daga 1951 zuwa 2003, da abin tunawa ne a tagulla adadi na uwa wanda rufe ta fuska, kamar yadda idan warai makoki da asarar da 'ya'yansu. Kusa ne biyu steles na baki dutse, a kan wanda aka sassaka sunayen auku.

The Legacy of Nature

Tarihi da kuma al'adu Monuments na Bashkortostan zai ba ƙirƙirar cikakke hoto, idan ba su dace da kyautai na Uwar Duniya. Total a kasar da akwai fiye da dari daban-daban jan hankali na halitta.

Bashkir Jihar Nature Reserve

The musamman da suka bambanta wannan yanki shi ne cewa shi emphatically ne zuwa kashi biyu halves: daya - a wani tsararru na kudancin Krakow, gina nauyi plutonic kankara da wani babban abun ciki na karfe, da sauran - da Ural-Tau - kunshi softer. Reserve - na musamman da na halitta hadaddun, wanda shi ne ya shahara ba kawai wani m mix na jinsuna daban na Flora, amma kuma sauran kaya da zai iya ci gaba a nan su na shekaru dubbai.

National shakatawa "Bashkiria"

Da karkararta rufe game da 82 kadada, inda za ka iya samun daban-daban iri iri na rare dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke. Wasu daga cikinsu suna da aka jera a matsayin miyagun. Bugu da kari, akwai aka shirya, da kuma irin halitta Monuments na Bashkortostan kamar yadda karst gadoji, Bear ta share, fili Kutukov-Sumgait.

Jihar Halitta Reserve "Shulgan-Tash"

Halitta Monuments RB sun hada da kare zone zubar tsakanin koguna da White Yuryuzan. Bugu da kari ga rare jinsunan shuke-shuke, da dabbobi, da tsuntsaye da kifi, shi janyo hankalin kogon Shulgan-Tash (Kapova kogon). Shi ne wani archaeological site na duniya muhimmanci, wanda a lokacin shi ne tsoho mutane, kamar yadda evidenced kiyaye dutse zane-zane da kuma ado.

Halitta Park "Muradymovskoe Gorge" ne sananne ga cewa shi tsira da kogon, a cikin abin da dubban shekaru da suka wuce ya rayu farko mazaunan Urals. Total a wannan halitta yanki akwai fiye da arba'in shafukan, ciki har da kogwanni Mai Labirintovaya, Ice, Novo, kuma Staromuradymovskie. Kiliya kakanninmu samu a cikin kogo tattabara.

Modern Bashkiria - cikakken m yankin, a adana musamman, relict yanayi, diluted kasa launi. Wannan shi ne wurin da cewa ba shi yiwuwa ba a fada cikin soyayya tare da ziyararsa ta farko, ba ta da iko a kan lokaci da kanta. Yanayi masoya bada shawarar a yi tafiya a kusa da kasar da kuma ji dadin yawa kyau wurare da cewa yawaita katin na Bashkortostan.