The inji wahayi da kuma karewa. A tsarin da dokokin general na aiki na numfashi tsarin

Ba tare da numfashi a mutum ba ya zama, da zangarku bakwai minti. Wannan shi ne mafi muhimmanci aiki na jiki, ko da yake ba mu yi musamman kokarin da aiwatar. Ta yaya inji wahayi da kuma karewa? Abin da gabobin da kuma tsarin yana amfani da?

mutum numfashin

Domin rayuwar mu bukatar oxygen. Wannan shi ne wani key kashi na numfasawa, wanda ya samar da makamashi metabolism da kuma jiki. Ya samun shiga cikin huhu a gaseous jihar tare da iska, yada a ko'ina cikin jiki, wanda aka oxidized da excreted daga jiki a wannan hanya.

Ginshikai na numfashi - sha taba, exhale - aiki ci gaba. A lokacin da wani mutum da ke sa game da 14 da irin wannan yunkuri a jarirai ƙara yawan zuwa 50. A numfashin mutum ne daya daga cikin 'yan matakai da za a iya sarrafawa sane da sume.

A kananan kokarin da za mu iya daidaita ta mita da kuma duration, da kuma, idan ya cancanta, da kuma yake rike da 'yan seconds. Wannan ikon dole ne a mutum, misali, a lokacin tafiya. Riƙe wayarka numfashin ga tsayi da yawa, ba za mu iya zuwa, kwakwalwa mutu ba tare da oxygen a gare biyar zuwa bakwai da minti.

The inji wahayi da kuma karewa

Halittu masu rai suna da hanyoyi daban-daban da kuma na numfashi sunadaran. Wasu amfani da dukan surface na jiki, da sauran - da gills, wasu suna da haske. A cikin mutane, akwai wani ciki da na waje nama na huhu numfasawa. Nama wakiltar oxygen amfani viscera Kwayoyin.

Na huhu numfasawa aka yi a matakai biyu: gas musayar tare da Alveoli, sa'an nan tare da jini. Iska daga sararin sama, oxygen-wadãtar, ya wuce ta hanci, makogwaro, tracheobronchial itãciya, kuma a cikin huhu Alveoli.

Su ba da iska a cikin jini, wanda daukawa shi ga dukan gabobin da tasoshin. Daga cikin jini a cikin Alveoli iska samun cikakken da carbon dioxide, wanda aka excreted daga jiki tare da exhalation.

inspiratory da expiratory inji samar da samun iska daga cikin Alveoli. Ya za'ayi tare da taimakon da numfashi tsokoki, wanda shimfida kirji, kyale ka ka gwada a cikin huhu zuwa 7 lita na iska da minti. A karuwa zo da kiwon da karankarman ƙirji (yawanci mata) ko saboda da flattening na diaphragm (ga mutãne, kazalika da a lokacin motsa jiki).

Upper na numfashi fili

The darajar da numfashi tsarin ba daya suke ba, kõwane ɗaya daga cikinsu yana da aiki. mutum na numfashi tsarin hada manya da ƙananan numfashi fili, da kuma numfashi tsarin da kanta. A babba hanyar wakilta hanci kogo, nasopharynx, oropharynx da baka rami part.

A ciki na hanci kogo aka rufe hairs da kuma mucosa. Shi abubuwa tace, wanda babban aiki - su hana kura, datti da kuma kwayoyin a cikin kwayoyin. Ga iska ne warmed da humidified.

Biyu tashoshi ƙofar hanci kogo aka haɗa ta nasopharynx. Ta, bi da bi, an haɗa zuwa Eustachian tube, shi ne alhakin da matsa lamba diyya.

A oropharynx ketare na numfashi da kuma alimentary hanyoyi. Yana yana da iyaka ga raya da kuma gefen bangon da na baka rami, kuma shi ne alhakin share pronunciation. Duk da yake cin abinci da kuma magana da taushi palate yakan, hana ingress iska da kuma abinci a cikin nasopharynx.

Lower numfashi fili

A pharynx daukawa iska da maƙogwaro. Shi ne daga ta farko a ƙananan Airways. Maƙogwaro kafa guda biyu da kuma unpaired cartilages da alaka da juna ta hanyar jijiyoyin da tsokoki. Tsoka ƙanƙancewa dabam glottal siffar da kuma tashin hankali igiya, inda sauti ke generated.

A maƙogwaro an haɗa da wani bututu up to 15 santimita a tsawon - da trachea. Ta karshen tsãgewar ƙwãyar, juya a cikin bronchi. Babban aiki na trachea ne auku iska a cikin huhu da kuma mayar. Shi ne m da kuma aka hada da guringuntsi, haka iska gudana ta hanyar da shi a wani jũya wuyansa.

A bronchi aka sa su guda biyu gabobin, da kuma shigar da huhu. Hagu thinner dama bronchus, da dama ne mafi tsaye. Suna kafa cartilaginous zobba da kuma m tsoka, mucosa cikin rufi.

Kowace daga cikinsu yana da wani reshe - a dama goma sha daga gare su, a cikin goma hagu. Lymph nodes a kan ramifications canjawa wuri huhu Lymph nama, jini da aka canjawa wuri ta Bronchial arteries daga thoracic lakã.

huhu

Haske ne wani lokacin ake magana a kai a matsayin ƙananan numfashi fili. Suna located a cikin kirji rami tare da hagu da kuma gefen dama na zuciya, da kuma tushe ne located a kan diaphragm. Waje, wani haske shafi na pleura da pleural jakar. Tsakãninsu akwai wani man shafawa ruwa wanda ya hana gogayya.

Huhu an hada da dama segments (na uku da dama, hagu na biyu), wanda ya kasu kashi goma karami lobes. Tu suna located da bronchi, wanda bi da bi ya kasu kashi karami bronchioles, acini, da kuma kawo karshen tare da alveolar sacs.

West Brom suna da yawa Alveoli - siffar zobe ilimi, braided capillaries. A manya, da yawan ne game da miliyan 700. Su suke da alhakin gas musayar.

Daga wadannan jini kawota oxygen-wadãtar da iska. Jini motsa ta cikin arteries kai tsaye zuwa cikin zuciya, da kuma shimfidawa a duk tsokoki da kuma gabobin a kan hanya. A dawowar, sun bayar da jini, tare da cikakken carbon dioxide, wanda ta cikin jijiyoyinmu baya ga Alveoli, don samun hanyar da huhu, bronchi, trachea, pharynx baya cikin yanayi.

numfashi motsa jiki

Ginshikai na inhalation da exhalation ba a kula da cibiyar tsakanin raya da kuma medulla oblongata. Rabe cewa tsara da aiwatar da numfashi, located a kan ganuwar da bronchi. Iska motsi kuma yi ta bambanci a matsa lamba: a lokacin wahayi ne da ke ƙasa na yanayi, da kuma a exhalation - mataimakin versa.

Light iya miss har zuwa 5000 milliliters na iska a lokacin inhalation da exhalation. Amma da al'ada numfashi girma shi ne duk kawai 500 milliliters. Matsakaicin lumfashinka zai iya zama kamar 2500 ml.

Man ba gaba daya exhale duk iska. Sashe na daga shi an riƙe a cikin Alveoli, da rabo daga oxygen zuwa carbon dioxide da bin wannan matakin. Wannan aikin saura damar da huhu.

A kan aiwatar da numfasawa ya shafi daban-daban tsoka kungiyoyin, dangane da ayyukan mutum. Budewa da hannu a kira horo ko ta jiki aikinsa, lokacin da tataccen ciki yankin. A natsuwa babban rawa intercostal tsokoki.