The yawan ƙidaya Rasha Empire a 1897. A farko janar ƙidaya

Rasha Empire Census (1897) ya ba da karo na farko da irin a Rasha. An sani cewa mutum ƙidaya sanya lokaci zuwa lokaci a kan ƙasa na Rasha mulkoki, khans, Kaganates, domin sanin yadda za yawa kudin shiga da za a iya samu daga yawan mai ba ƙasa. Alal misali, masana tarihi sun tabbatar da cewa ƙidaya lokaci na Bitrus da farko ƙayyade yawan al'umma na Rasha Empire (a lokacin) a matakin na goma sha uku da mutane miliyan. Tsakanin yarjejeniyoyin da serfdom da kuma 1917 a Rasha an yi game da ɗari biyu da asusun na abubuwan da suka faru a cikin garuruwa daban-daban, ciki har da Livonia, Courland da Estland larduna capitation records mutanen da suke rayuwa a can an sanya.

A sakamakon kidayar dauka kusan 90 kundin

The yawan ƙidaya Rasha Empire a 1897 da aka shirya a 1874. A musamman, a cikin shekaru biyu kafin asusun na abubuwan da suka faru a cikin Rasha ilimin kididdiga ayyukan da aka dakatar, hade da samun bayanai daga al'umma. Tun Yuni 1895 da tsar Nicholas II hannu da umarni a wadda aka ƙaddara cewa ƙidaya ya zama domin sanin abun da ke ciki, da kuma rarraba size, na yawan jama'ar, ciki har da duk Rasha 'yan ƙasa da kuma kasashen waje. Domin gudanar da wannan manyan sikelin-events an kasaftawa miliyan 7 rubles. Kuma sakamakon da aka tattara, da kuma aka buga tabbatacce ne kawai a 1905, kusan casa'in kundin.

A cikin Rasha Empire yi magana da mutum ɗari harsuna

Rasha Empire Census (1897) ya gano cewa duk kasar yawan jama'a na game da 125 640 000 mutane, wadda harshe ne Rasha 55,6 miliyan, Little Rasha - miliyan 22, Belarus - 5.8 miliyan Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na daular. yayin da a hada da Polish asashe, sa'an nan da harshen magana 7.9 miliyan mazaunan, da kuma {asar Moldova da kuma Romanian - 1.21 mutane miliyan. Hebrew a lokacin amfani game da 5,06 miliyan 'yan ƙasa. A mafi numerically kananan harsuna, kowa a wannan lokaci a Rasha hada da: Spanish da Portuguese - 138, Dutch - 335 jawabai, kazalika da Hindu, Kisti, Lezgin, Chuvan, Afghanistan.

Rasha Empire Census (1897) ya nuna cewa a Rasha rayuwa dako irin wannan waje harsuna kamar Sin - 57 dubu mutane, da Japan - kawai 2.6 dubu mutane, Korean - game da 26 da mutane dubu ...... shi ne mai yawa magana a Jamus - game da miliyan 1.7 Armenian - 1,17 da mutane miliyan. Weight kungiyar sun dako na Tatar harshe - 3,73 miliyan, Bashkir - 1,31 da mutane miliyan, da Kyrgyzstan -. About 4 mutane miliyan.

Historical takardun kiyaye su domin mu da matsayi na kimiyya a matsayin da asalin wani musamman harshe a lokaci cewa shi ne mun gwada zamani data wani lokacin ne ba daidai ba. Alal misali, Yakut harshen da aka alaka Turkish-Tatar yare. Duk a cikin Rasha Empire a lokacin, akwai fiye da dari hukumance shigar harsuna da yaruka da suke da 'yan qasar zuwa ga yawan jama'a, a wa yankin. Tsarin harshen, a kuma waɗannan kwanaki, da kuma a yau ne Rasha harshen, wanda damar mutane zuwa fahimci juna, yayin da rike nasu ainihi.

Ilimi ne kawai a kowace biyar

A farko janar ƙidaya Rasha Empire (1897) da za'ayi ta musamman horar da malaman Attaura, wanda ya karbi lambar yabo a gasar for halartar irin wannan taron. Suka aikata babban aiki na ciko a total na game da milyan talatin questionnaires, kamar yadda da yawa manoma sun jahilci, ko kuma jahilci a yankunan karkara. Kuma wannan adadi da aka nuna a cikin statistics - a wancan lokacin a Rasha shi ne kawai ilimi daya cikin biyar mutane, yayin da a tsakanin maza da yawan "ilimi" ya game 30%, yayin da a tsakanin mata - kawai game da 13 bisa dari a shekara. An ban sha'awa Gaskiyar ita ce, da tambaya game da sunan matarsa tsakanin manoma, da yawa ya amsa da cewa matarsa suka styled wani "sissy."

Kasuwanci su kasa da firistoci

Bisa ga ƙidaya Rasha Empire (1897), da yawan da yawan zauna a yankunan karkara (game da 87 bisa dari) da kuma zarcewa a aji na manoma (77% na dukkan 'yan ƙasa). Next most sun commoners - game da kashi 11 cikin dari, "bare" - game da 6.5 bisa dari, Cossack - 2.3 bisa dari. A mutane na Rasha Empire a lokacin da aka tsunduma yafi a cewa horar da ƙasar, ba a sayar. Kasuwanci da aka kidaya 0.2 kashi, wanda ya kasa da cewa daga cikin limaman Kirista (rabin kashi) da kuma manya (rabin kashi). Har ila yau a cikin jerin hada da sauran mutane - 0.4 da cent.

Don matsar da yawa da ake bukata izni

Rasha Empire Census (1897) gano cewa, yayin da Rasha da aka da baƙauye-tsakiyar aji-, inda burgers kasance tarin kananan yan kasuwa, sana'a, birane mazauna, wanda ya mallakar mafi yawan dukiya a cikin birane, su kuma babban biyan haraji. By lokacin da ƙidaya wannan aji ne ba batun kofur azãba, wanda suka zartar shi har zuwa tsakiyar karni na sha tara. Filistiyawa a matsayin su cikin al'umma sun ƙananan fiye da 'yan kasuwa, sun dangana ga wani takamaiman birni (a cikin birnin kunkuntar shiryayye littafin). Don bar wurin zama tradesman zai iya samun lokaci wucin gadi fasfo da kuma motsa zuwa wani wuri - kawai tare da izni na hukumomi. Zai yiwu, a cikin waɗannan kwanaki, idan tafiya a Rasha ya yiwu ne kawai ta hanyar da ba komai haqqinsa formalities, dage farawa low motsi na zamani yawan jama'a.

Tsakanin 'yan kasuwa da shugabannin

Abin ban sha'awa facts har yanzu riƙe wani labarin domin mu? Rasha Empire Census (1897) rubuce cewa a Rasha jama'a da aka haka da ake kira "m 'yan ƙasa", wanda lissafta ga 0.3% na jimlar yawan. A wani tsaka-tsaki aji tsakanin daraja gentry da kuma 'yan kasuwa, wanda a yarda don kare da shigar azzakari cikin farji na farko "daraja jini" da kuma saduwa da sirri burinsu na karshen. Yan dan kasa, kazalika da nobility, zai iya zama sirri, da kuma hereditary. Personal m dan kasa mika kawai ga m wannan suna, da kuma matarsa, yayin da hereditary, bi da bi, su ne zuriyar mariƙin na title.

A waɗannan kwanaki, akwai fiye da mũminai, kuma majami'u fiye da shi ne a yanzu

Rasha Empire Census (1897) ya nuna cewa, babban addini ya Orthodoxy cewa an aikata for game da kashi 70 cikin dari na al'ummar jihar. Biyu kawai ga Kiristoci sa'an nan kasance Musulmi - game 11.1 bisa dari, mabiya Roman Katolika ya ci gaba - game da tara da cent, da kuma 4.2% na yawan jama'ar, sun kasance Yahũdãwa. Rasha mutanen nan sun musamman ibada, dangane da wanda aka gina shi da babban yawan addini cibiyoyin. Alal misali, a Rasha a lokacin da Mai girma Oktoba Socialist juyin juya halin akwai game da 65,000 Orthodox majami'u da majami'u, yayin da na zamani Rasha Orthodox Church yana 29-30 dubban majami'u, ciki har da waɗanda suke a cikin Belarus, da Baltic States, Ukraine da sauransu.

Megacities

Mene ne facts saukar da wani ƙidaya (1897)? A sakamakon wannan binciken da damar mu mu gano abin da a Rasha sun sa'an nan babbar ƙauyuka. A babban birnin jihar a lokacin (Moscow, St. Petersburg) ya megacities. Akwai fiye da mutane miliyan 1.2. Na biyu mafi girma "hedkwatarsu da" ya Moscow - 1,038 mutane miliyan. Fiye da rabin mutane miliyan zauna a Warsaw (683 dubu.), Wanda aka sa'an nan ɓangare na Rasha Empire (ƙasar Mulkin Poland). Bugu da kari ya na sama, a cikin taswirar kasa a wannan lokaci shi ne game da 40 birane da mutane fiye da 50 000 mutane.

Na musamman darajar da zamani masana tarihi ne da kansu da questionnaires, inda primary bayanai da aka nuna. Daga cikin wadannan, wanda zai iya koya da yawa. Duk da haka, mafi yawan takardun da aka hallaka, kuma ba mu kasance abun ciki tare da sarrafa bayanai.