Tolling - menene wannan?

A cikin gida tattalin arziki adabi akai-akai amfani da irin wannan abu a matsayin tolling. Wannan kalma na da Turanci tushen da aka samu daga lokaci kuɗin fito. A cewar daya daga cikin gundarin fassara wannan na nufin "fee". Tolling - wani tunanin da ke amfani da su koma zuwa ga ayyukan da suka shafi cikin aiki da abokin ciniki-kawota raw kayan bayar da waje Enterprises. Materials shigo wajibi free a cikin ƙasa na Rasha Federation. Tare da girmamawa ga irin wannan abu abubuwa da kwastan gwamnatin da aiki. Ka yi la'akari da mafi daki-daki, abin da mai tolling.

Overview

, образец которого заполняется по правилам контрактов на поставку и переработку, используется достаточно давно. A} asashen waje tolling yarjejeniya, wani model na wanda aka cika ta da dokoki na kwangilar da wadata da kuma aiki da aka yi amfani da na dogon lokaci. Wannan kalma tana nufin aiki na m da kuma aiki aiki na kayan. Aiki ne da za'ayi tare da] e da samar da waje abokin ciniki. Ayyuka suna da za'ayi a jihar-sarrafawa ne aiki da kuma ga shi (da karfi tolling). Bi da bi, su ne m abokin ciniki.

bayani dalla-dalla

, выступает обстоятельство, в соответствии с которым приобретаемое на территории государства-переработчика или ввозимое на нее сырье перемещается под соответствующий таможенный режим. A matsayin key alama, kayyade yarjejeniya tolling, abubuwa shã'aninku a karkashin abin da aka saya a jihar processor ko shigo da su ciyar da shi motsa karkashin dace kwastan yanayin. Wannan qa'idar ne dalilin da samar da ilimin kididdiga data game da ma'amaloli.

Tolling Rasha: siffofin

The Code azurta biyu halaye na aiki. Yana za a iya za'ayi a cikin kwastan ƙasa ko a karkashin iko da FCS. Bambanci tsakanin su ne kamar haka. Lokacin da kwastan iko ba cajin aikinsu, VAT da kuma musamman haraji. Idan ka yi amfani da daban-daban yanayin, da batun wajibi ne don yin jinginar gida biya. Da darajar ne daidaita da shigo da kwastan aikinsu da kuma haraji. A cikin hali na fitarwa da dokoki na aiki da wuraren fitarwa gwamnatin waje kula da yankin, wadannan kudade za a mayar da su. A bisa tanade-tanaden shafi na waje aiki. . A halin yanzu, ciki tolling aikata. Yana da wani aiki aiki na raw kayan saya daga gida kera a Rasha Federation. Wannan aiki da aka kayyade ta musamman gwamnatin dokokin, kazalika da STC jagororin. An halatta kawai domin wasu tattalin arziki sassa.

da abin da ya faru

Kamar yadda yi nuna, mafi m tolling a cikin aluminum masana'antu. A cewar masana, wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa game da 80% na raw kayan, wanda ya ba da wannan masana'antu ne fitar dashi. Duk da haka, game da 70% na wannan adadin da ke kasashen waje a kan wani tolling makirci. A lokaci guda, irin wadannan ayyuka ne na kowa a cikin wasu yankunan tattalin arziki. Alal misali, a metallurgy. Tolling makirci amfani ga refining azurfa, da zinariya, da nickel, tagulla da kuma cobalt. Suna amfani da haske masana'antu, sufurin sama, lantarki a masana'antu da sauran bangaren tattalin arziki. Hali ayyukan iya kuma IP shari'a mahaluži (JSC, LLC). сегодня распространен во многих государствах мира. Tolling yanzu kowa a kasashen da dama na duniya. Amfani da makircinsu zama dacewa a lokacin da a layi daya da halittar kungiya da kuma samar da abubuwan da ake bukata-fasaha ga wata matsalar da rabo daga kudi domin ya biya hakkin aikin a kasashe daban-daban. A daidai da wannan, kamfanin ya fara biya fiye da hankali ga zabi na da yanayin wurin na samar da kayayyakin.

abubuwan da ake bukata

Manyan dalilan yin amfani da tolling shi:

1. The so na Enterprises ci gaba a cikin kasashe masu cigaban masana'antu shirya samun wata hanya ta rage kudin da samarwa saboda da hali na samar da tsari ko wasu daga gudanar da ayyukanta a kasar, da kudin na wanda a da diyya na ma'aikatan ne da yawa m.
2. A rashin na zama dole iya aiki ko fasaha wajen samar da kayayyakin, tare da wani rashin kudi domin sayan kayan aiki waje.

Wadannan karfafawar an kore ta abokan ciniki samar da albarkatun kasa. Amma ga sarrafawa, da suka zo a cikin tolling makirci ga wadannan dalilai:

1. A bukatar tabbatar da cikakken loading data kasance da wurin.
2. Rashin aiki babban birnin kasar domin sayan raw kayan, samuwan bashi, rashin samun bashi.

ci gaban da tsarin

Daya daga cikin na farko kasashen jin bukatar amfani da tolling - wannan shi ne Amurka. Jamus bi da misali of America. A farkon 70-ies. karshe karni a cikin wannan ƙasar ta ƙara muhimmanci yawan umarni sanya kasashen waje. Daga bisani, saboda da tartsatsi bude da kuma fadada daga cikin duniya ta kasuwa a lokacin da janar farfadowar tattalin arzikin tun 1983 tolling makircinsu sun watsu kusan duk na jihar. A gwada manyan karuwa a ayyukan da aka gani a Tsakiya da kuma Arewacin Amirka, Yammacin Turai, East Asia. Wasu tasiri a kan wannan shi ne halittar cheap kai iyãwarsa. A farkon 90 ta yin amfani da tolling makircinsu ya samu wani sabon impetus. Wannan shi ne saboda daban-daban yanayi. Da farko shi shafa bude kan iyakar kasar da kasashen Gabashin Turai, da samuwar hadewa tsakanin ƙungiyar Mexico, da Amurka da kuma Kanada (NAFTA), da tattalin arziki da fa] a] a} asashen na ta Kudu-East Asia. Bugu da kari, la'ada girma fara a cikin raya ƙasashe. Saboda tattalin arziki da siyasa canje-canje, a Gabashin Turai ba zai kawai kara girma na kasa da kasa sake amfani, amma akwai wani yankin motsi umarni.

Capacity yin amfani da riba

The darajar tolling makircinsu zuwa kasashe inda aiki halin kaka ne a kananan ƙunshi juzu'i na kudin, za a iya gani a cikin yawan jobs. A kasashe masu tasowa da yawan marasa aikin yi ne high isa. Haka kuma, bisa ga masana, shi zai ci gaba da ƙara. Wannan ya nuna cewa kasashe masu tasowa za su haifar da yanayi na musamman ga kasashen waje abokan ciniki. Kamar yadda nazarin ya nuna, saboda da tolling makircinsu ya jawo hankalin matasa untrained mace sandarsa, tare da m matakin ilimi. Wannan category aka dauke su a fĩfĩta, saboda so yin aiki ne daban-daban, high horo da kuma yi, a aiwatar da sauki ayyuka, suna fadin bukatar kan Hakkin.

Hadewa a cikin aiki jiha

Aikace-aikace tolling sau da yawa tare da kai tsaye zuba jari. A cikin aiki da kasa don ƙirƙirar wani kamfanin yin zama dole ayyukan. A daidai wannan lokaci da jihar abokin ciniki zama tushen sababbin hanyoyin fasaha. Wannan, bi da bi, yana da amfani sakamako a kan ci gaban kasa-processor, tsiraru da tabbatar da hannu na m aiki.

gasar

A halin yanzu, da yawa na kasashen don magance matsalar rashin aikin yi ta hanyar shafe wasu ƙasashe kamar yadda abokan ciniki. A sakamakon haka ne fairly m gasar. Customers, bi da bi, a lokacin da ka zaɓa da processor jihar da za su gudanar da wani kamanta nazarin matakin Hakkin kuma yanayi na Enterprises. A wasu ƙasashe da dokokin suna raya tsarin don jawo hankalin kasashen waje masu zuba jari. A matsayin misali, da kudu-maso-gabashin jihohin ASEAN. An ce, gasar ga umarni wanzu tsakanin abokai a cikin guda kasar.

bugu da žari

Ya kamata a lura da wani sakamako na tolling ayyukan a jihar a wani low cost domin albashi. Irin wannan ma'amaloli da kyau tasiri a kan ma'auni na biya na} asashe, domin shi rage kudin da zuba jari gaira. Wani amfani tasiri - da inflow na waje kudi don ƙirƙirar sabon jobs. Idan domin an aiko domin aiki na biyu bude kasashen waje, da iyaye kamfanin ne iya tasiri cikin adadin kudin shiga saboda farashin, daidai da abin da recalculation.

ƙarshe

Cikar umarni ga tolling makircinsu, don haka da cewa yana da wani tasiri a kan jihar a low cost domin albashi. Yana bayar da cikakken iya aiki, kiwon ƙarin kudi ga kasashe masu tasowa. Tolling iya zama daya daga cikin muhimman matakai don magance matsaloli na rashin aikin yi da kuma jeri na tattalin arziki interactions da masana'antu jihohi. Duk da haka, bisa ga masana, da yin amfani da wadannan makircinsu kamata a da za'ayi a tare da sauran matakan tattalin arziki.